試卷類型：A肇慶市端州區屆高中畢業班第二次模擬適應性考試英語滿分分考試用時分鐘注意事項：．答卷前，考生務必用黑色字跡鋼筆或簽字筆將自己的姓名、考生號、考場號和座位號填寫在答題卡上。用鉛筆將試卷類型（）填涂在答題卡相應位置上。將條形碼橫貼在答題卡右上角“條形碼粘貼處”。因筆試不考聽力，試卷從第二部分開始，試題序號從“”開始。．作答選擇題時，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對應題目選項的答案信息點涂黑；如需改動，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案，答案不能答在試卷上。．非選擇題必須用色字跡鋼筆或簽字筆作答，答案必須寫在答題卡各題目指定區域內相應位置上；如需改動，先劃掉原來的答案，然后再寫上新的答案；不準使用鉛筆和涂改液。不按以上要求作答的答案無效。．考生必須保持答題卡整潔?？荚嚱Y束后，將試卷和答題卡一并交回。第二部分閱讀（共兩節，滿分分）第一節（共小題，每小題分，滿分分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的、、、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。AHaveyoueverdreamedofanidealneighborhoodforyournexttrip?Outmagazinehastheanswer.Everyyear,theycreatealistofthe“coolestneighborhoods”aroundtheworldbylookingatthingslikecommunityspirit,beautifulparks,andlivelystreets.Thisyear,38amazingonesmadethelist.Herearethreethatstoodout.Seongsu-donginSeoul,SouthKorea,usedtobeanindustrialcenter,hometoshoeandothersmallfactories.Now,theoldbuildingsandfactorieshaveturnedintocosycafes,shops,andgalleries(畫廊).TheareahasbecomeapopulardestinationforSouthKoreanyouthandafashionhotspotwithmanybrandskeen(熱切的)tosetupshopshere.Notre-Dame-du-MontinFranceisknownforitsartandrelaxedatmosphere.Onceknownastheindustrialdistrict,Notre-Dame-du-Montisnowaplacewhereyoucanfindmarkets,restaurants,andshopsthatareuniquetoit.It’samixoftraditionandfashion,withabitofarebellious(反叛的)spirit,whichhasattractedmanytrendyyouth.第1頁/共23頁GloriainRiodeJaneiro,Brazil,wasoncebeautifulwithbuildingsthatlookedliketheywerefromFrance.Butitwasforgottenforawhile.Now,it’smakingacomeback,attractingayoungercrowd.Thebeachiscleaner,andoldbuildingsarebeingfixedup.There’salsoabigopen-airmarketwhereyoucanfindover150sellersofferinguniquegoods.Findoutmorecitiesthatmadethelisthere,exploretheoptions,andstartplanningyournexttrip!1.WhatdoSeongsu-dongandNotre-Dame-du-Monthaveincommon?A.Theybothhavealonghistoryofart.B.Theyarebothpopularamongtheelderly.C.Theybothhavethemostfamousopen-airmarkets.D.Theyhavebothtransformedfromindustrialtofashionable.2.WhatisspecialaboutGloriainRiodeJaneiro?A.Ithasalwaysbeenapopulartouristdestination.B.ThebuildingsarenewlybuiltinFrenchstyle.C.Itisexperiencingarevivalwithabigmarket.D.Itisfamousforitscleanbeach.3.Whereisthisarticlemostlikelytobefrom?A.AtravelplanB.Atravelmagazine.C.AtravelbrochureD.ApostontheInternet【答案】1.D2.C3.D【解析】Out脫穎而出的街區：韓國首爾的Seongsu-dong、法國的Notre-Dame-du-Mont和巴西里約熱內盧的Gloria。【1題詳解】Seongsu-donginSeoul,SouthKorea,usedtobeanindustrialcenter,hometoshoeandothersmallfactories.Now,theoldbuildingsandfactorieshaveturnedintocosycafes,shops,andgalleries(畫廊).(韓國首爾的Seongsu-dong廠已經變成了舒適的咖啡館、商店和畫廊)”以及第三段“Notre-Dame-du-MontinFranceisknownforitsartandrelaxedatmosphere.Onceknownastheindustrialdistrict,Notre-Dame-du-Montisnowaplacewhereyoucanfindmarkets,restaurants,andshopsthatareuniquetoit.(法國的圣母院以其藝術和輕松的氛圍而聞名。巴黎圣母院曾經是工業區，現在你可以在這里找到獨特的市場、餐館和商店)”可知，兩者都經歷了從工業到時尚第2頁/共23頁的轉變。故選D項。【2題詳解】細節理解題。根據倒數第二段“GloriainRiodeJaneiro,Brazil,wasoncebeautifulwithbuildingsthatlookedliketheywerefromFrance.Butitwasforgottenforawhile.Now,it’smakingacomeback,attractingayoungercrowd.Thebeachiscleaner,andoldbuildingsarebeingfixedup.There’salsoabigopen-airmarketwhereyoucanfindover150sellersofferinguniquegoods.(巴西里約熱內盧的Gloria看起來像是來自法國。但有一段時間它被遺忘了?，F在，它正在卷土重來，吸引了更年輕的人群。海灘更干凈了，舊建筑也正在修繕。還有一個很大的露天市場，在那里你可以找到150多個賣家提供獨特的商品)”可知，它正在經歷一個大市場的復興。故選C項?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據最后一段“Findoutmorecitiesthatmadethelisthere,exploretheoptions,andstartplanningyournexttrip!(在這里找到更多上榜的城市，探索各種選擇，開始計劃你的下一次旅行吧！)”可知，這種表述更像是在線文章或帖子的風格，鼓勵讀者通過鏈接或網站去了解更多信息，這是互聯網內容的常見做法。因此，這篇文章最有可能是來自互聯網上的一個帖子。故選D項。Bwon’tfindtigersjumpingthroughfieryhoopsinthewildorbearsridingbicycles.elephantsdon’twalkaroundontwolegsandwildsealionsdon’tbalanceballsontheirnosesforfun.Thesearethekindsofanimalactsyoumayhaveseenatthecircus.However,thewildanimalsincircusesareextremelystressedbycircusconditions.Theloudnoiseofthemusic,thecheersofthecrowdandthedizzyinglightsalldisorientate(失去方向)andcausestresstowildanimals.Overlongperiods,thiscanresultinabnormalbehaviorsandhealthproblemsrelatedtoanxiety.Whileitispossiblethatdomesticateddogscouldenjoythestimulationofcertaintypesofcircustrainingandperformance,forwildspeciessuchastigers,bearsandmonkeys,performingonstagecangetthemdeeplyhurt.Themovementsandposesarecompletelyunnaturalandcancausephysicalinjuryandstress.Whencircusanimalsdon’tperformthetrickright,theyareoftenbeatenaspunishment.Thelivingconditionsatcircusesconsistentlyfailtomeettheanimals’mostbasicneeds.Whentheshowstops,theanimalstypicallyreturntoisolationinsmall,barrencageswhichgivethemnoopportunitytocarryoutbehaviorsnaturaltotheirspecies,ortointeractwiththeirownkind.Whilenotperforming,theanimalshavenothingtodobutstareatthewalls.Manyarelimitedtolivingindarkplaceswithnodaylight,nosunlight,andnoexposuretotheoutsideforstimulation.Theylivemind-numbing,boring,completelyunnaturallives.第3頁/共23頁circusanimalscanspenduptomonthsoftheyearontheroad.Theyarelimitedinsideverysmallstallsorcages,travelingforthousandsofhours,oververylongdistances.It’sdisturbing,unnatural,frighteningandstressfulforthem.Nearlyallcircusanimalsarechainedupandwhiletraveling.posesmanyphysicalriskstothem,includingaccidents,injuries,heartstrokeandoverheating,unusualcoldandfreezingtemperaturesthatcanmakethemsick,loudnoiseandgeneraldiscomfort.4.Whyareanimalsincircusesunhealthybothmentallyandphysically?A.Becauseoftheirabnormalbehavior.B.Becauseoftheirperformancesonstage.C.Becauseoftheirpunishmentfromtrainers.D.Becauseoftheirunnaturallivingconditions.5.Whatdoesparagraph3mainlytalkabout?A.Theanimals’basicneedswhenashowstops.B.Theanimals’livingstatewhentheydonotperform.C.Theanimals’mentalstatewhentheyaretravelling.D.Theanimals’dailyinteractionswhentheyarecaged.6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“immobilized”inparagraph4mean?A.Fixedinaplace.B.Deliveredtoaplace.C.bysomeone.D.Followedbysomeone.7.What’stheauthor’sattitudetowardsthoseanimalsincircuses?A.Indifferent.B.Annoyed.C.Sympathetic.D.Opposed.【答案】4D5.B6.A7.C【解析】【導語】本文是一篇議論文。文章主要討論了馬戲團動物在表演和生活中的不健康狀態，以及它們所面臨的種種問題。【4題詳解】However,thewildanimalsincircusesareextremelystressedbycircusconditions.Theloudnoiseofthemusic,thecheersofthecrowdandthedizzyinglightsalldisorientate(失去方向)andcausestresstowildanimals.Overlongperiods,thiscanresultinabnormalbehaviorsandhealthproblemsrelatedtoanxiety.Whileitispossiblethatdomesticateddogscouldenjoythestimulationofcertaintypesofcircustrainingandperformance,forwildspeciessuchastigers,bearsandmonkeys,performingonstagecangetthemdeeplyhurt.Themovementsandposesarecompletelyunnaturalandcancausephysicalinjuryandstress.Whencircusanimalsdon’tperformthetrickright,theyareoftenbeatenaspunishment.(第4頁/共23頁而極度緊張。音樂的巨大噪音、人群的歡呼聲和令人眩暈的燈光都會讓野生動物迷失方向并產生壓力。長此以往，這會導致異常行為和與焦慮相關的健康問題。雖然家犬可能會喜歡某些類型的馬戲團訓練和表演的刺激，但對于老虎、熊和猴子等野生物種來說，在舞臺上表演可能會讓它們受到嚴重傷害。這些動作和姿勢完全不自然，可能導致身體受傷和壓力。當馬戲團動物表演不當時，它們經常會受到毆打作為懲罰)”和第三段中“Thelivingconditionsatcircusesconsistentlyfailtomeettheanimals’mostbasicneeds.(馬戲團的居住條件一直不能滿足動物最基本的需求)”可知，馬戲團的動物因為不自然的生活條件，包括表演時的壓力和不當對待，以及非自然的居住環境，導致它們在心理和身體上都不健康。故選D項。【5題詳解】主旨大意題。根據第三段“Thelivingconditionsatcircusesconsistentlyfailtomeettheanimals’mostbasicneeds.Whentheshowstops,theanimalstypicallyreturntoisolationinsmall,barrencageswhichgivethemnoopportunitytocarryoutbehaviorsnaturaltotheirspecies,ortointeractwiththeirownkind.Whilenotperforming,theanimalshavenothingtodobutstareatthewalls.Manyarelimitedtolivingindarkplaceswithnodaylight,nosunlight,andnoexposuretotheoutsideforstimulation.Theylivemind-numbing,boring,completelyunnaturallives.(馬戲團的居住條件一直不能滿足動物最基本的需求。當表演結束時，動物們通常會被隔離在狹小、貧瘠的籠子里，這使它們沒有機會表現出自己物種的自然行為，也無法與同類互動。在不表演的時候，動物們無所事事，只能盯著墻壁看。許多動物只能生活在沒有日光、沒有陽光、沒有外界刺激的黑暗地方。它們過著令人麻木、無聊、完全不自然的生活)”可知，本段主要講述了動物在不表演時的生活狀態，即它們被囚禁在狹小的籠子里，無法展現自然行為，生活極度無聊且不自然。故選B項?！?題詳解】Nearlyallcircusanimalsarechainedupandimmobilizedwhiletraveling.(幾乎所有的馬戲團動物在旅行時都被鎖鏈鎖住并immobilized)”中“arechainedup都是被鎖鏈鎖住的，由此可知，它們“被固定在一個地方”，故劃線詞immobilized與Fixedinaplace同義。故選A項?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據全文內容，特別是第二段“However,thewildanimalsincircusesareextremelystressedbycircusconditions.(然而，馬戲團里的野生動物因為馬戲團的條件而極度緊張)”和第三段“Thelivingconditionsatcircusesconsistentlyfailtomeettheanimals’mostbasicneeds.(馬戲團的居住條件一直不能滿足動物最基本的需求)”可知，作者詳細描述了馬戲團動物所遭受的不公和痛苦，包括表演時的壓力、不當的對待以及非自然的居住環境。由此可推知，作者對馬戲團中的動物持同情態度。故選C項。C第5頁/共23頁Whoamongushasn’tweighedupthevalueofattendinganeventthatrequiredalongcommute(通勤),orfoundthemselvesinabadmoodduetobeingstuckintraffic?Butwhileit’sobviousthatsomeactivitieswillbringusjoyandothersonlyfrustration,translatingthisunderstandingintodatathatcanhelpguidepolicydecisionshashistoricallyproveddifficult.It’swhatDr.ChristianKrekelandDr.GeorgeMacKerronhavebeenexploring.Theyproposeanewmethodforestimatingtheof(VOT)andcalculate(計算),forthefirsttime,forawiderangeofcommonactivitiessuchaswalking,commutingandsocialising.ThroughanappcalledMappiness,theycanaskpeopleabouttheirhappinessrandomlythroughoutthedayandrecordhowtheyareactuallyfeelinginthatmomentwhiledoingsomethingorbeingsomewhere.datafromover30,000peoplearoundtheUK,theresearcherswereabletoidentifyhowpeoplefeltwhencarryingout42dailyactivitiesandcalculateamonetary(貨幣的)valueforeachactivity.Interestingly,“waitingorqueuing”wasfoundtohaveastrongandsignificantnegativeimpactonhappiness,rankingasthethirdleastenjoyableactivity.TheVOTshowsthatspending60minuteswaitingisfoundtobeworth￡12.20perhour;commuting￡8.40perhour;andwaitingduringcommuting,ahuge￡17.20perhour.Thesehighcostssuggestthatrespondentswouldbebetterspendingtheirtimedoingsomethingelse.Or,asDr.Krekelsays,“Someonewhoiswaitingfor60minuteswouldneedtobepaid￡12.20toachievethesamelevelofhappinessiftheywerenotwaiting.”ThisnewmethodofcalculatingVOTallowsresearcherstomeasurethebenefitsoffundingtime-savingfacilities,helpingpolicymakerstomakeinformeddecisionsoverwherebesttospendmoney.Byshowinghowimpactfulwaitingandcommutingareonthepopulation,theresearchmakesastrongcaseforfundingprojectsthatwouldreducethetimepeoplespenddoingtheseactivitiesandpromotethewellbeingofallwhostandtobenefit.8.Whydoestheauthormentiontwosituationsinparagraph1?A.presentafact.B.introducethetopic.C.explaintheissue.D.comparethedifferences.9.Theresearchersestimatedthethrough________.A.randomsurveysB.calculatedcasestudiesC.on-siteobservationsD.face-to-faceinterviews10.WhichofthefollowingmighthavethehighestVOTaccordingtotheresearch?A.Commutingtoschoolonabusforthirtyminutes.B.forafornearlyonehouratacafé.第6頁/共23頁C.Spendingtwohoursshoppingwithafriendatamall.D.Beingstuckinforanhouronthewaytowork.Whatdoesthelastparagraphmainlytalkabout?A.Theappealforfuturestudies.B.Thechallengesoftheproject.C.Theapplicationoftheresearch.D.Theimprovementofthemethod.【答案】8.B9.A10.DC【解析】【導語】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了研究人員通過應用程序收集數據算出多種日?；顒拥臅r間價值，發現等待或排隊對幸福感有負面影響，該方法能助力政策制定者的相關決策?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據第一段“Whoamongushasn’tweighedupthevalueofattendinganeventthatrequiredalongcommute(通勤),orfoundthemselvesinabadmoodduetobeingstuckintraffic?Butwhileit’sobviousthatsomeactivitieswillbringusjoyandothersonlyfrustration,translatingthisunderstandingintodatathatcanhelpguidepolicydecisionshashistoricallyproveddifficult.(我們當中有誰沒有權衡過參加一個需要長途通勤的活動的價值，或者發現自己因為交通堵塞而心情不好？但是，雖然很明顯，有些活動會給我們帶來快樂，而其他活動只會給我們帶來沮喪，但歷史證明，將這種理解轉化為可以幫助指導政策決策的數據是困難的)”可知，此處先提到這兩種日常生活中常見的與時間利用和感受相關的場景，再指出將人們對不同活動的感受轉化為數據，進而指導政策決策很困難。由此可知，作者提到這兩種情況是為了引出文章的主題，即如何通過數據衡量時間價值并指導政策決策。故選B項。9題詳解】細節理解題。根據第二段中“ThroughanappcalledMappiness,theycanaskpeopleabouttheirhappinessrandomlythroughoutthedayandrecordhowtheyareactuallyfeelinginthatmomentwhiledoingsomethingorbeingsomewhere.(通過一款名為Mappiness錄下他們在做某事或在某處時那一刻的真實感受)”可知，研究人員通過隨機調查估算了時間價值。故選A項?！?0題詳解】細節理解題。根據第三段中“TheVOTshowsthatspending60minuteswaitingisfoundtobeworth￡12.20perhour;commuting￡8.40perhour;andwaitingduringcommuting,ahuge￡17.20perhour.(VOT顯示，花60分鐘等待每小時價值12.208.4017.20英鎊)”可知，D項“在上班路上堵車一小時”屬于通勤期間的等待，其時間價值最高。故選D項。第7頁/共23頁【題詳解】主旨大意題。根據最后一段“ThisnewmethodofcalculatingVOTallowsresearcherstomeasurethebenefitsoffundingtime-savingfacilities,helpingpolicymakerstomakeinformeddecisionsoverwherebesttospendmoney.Byshowinghowimpactfulwaitingandcommutingareonthepopulation,theresearchmakesastrongcaseforfundingprojectsthatwouldreducethetimepeoplespenddoingtheseactivitiesandpromotethewellbeingofallwhostandtobenefit.(這種計算VOT的新方法使研究人員能夠衡量為節省時間的設施提供資金的好處，幫助決策者做出明智的決定，決定把錢花在哪里最好。通過展示等待和通勤對人們的影響，這項研究為資助一些項目提供了強有力的理由，這些項目將減少人們花在這些活動上的時間，并促進所有受益人群的福祉)”可知，本段圍繞該研究在實際決策和項目資金支持方面的應用展開，介紹了研究成果在現實中的用途。故選C項。DStudieshaveshownthemereexposurealsoreferredtoasthefamiliarityprinciple,inspiresourdecisions.Itisahelpfulpsychologicalmechanism(機制)thathelpsusmaintainourenergyandfocusourattentiononotherthings.Gettingusedtonewthingstakesanditcanbetiring.Sounlesswehaveaterribleexperience,wearelikelytobuyfromcompanieswe’vegotusedto.Thatiswhycompaniesspendsomuchmoneyonadvertisingandmarketingandwhyinsurancecompaniesopenlychargeexistingcustomersmorethannewones.It’snotthecasethatweonlydesirethingswealreadySomestudiessuggestwheninvitedtoshareourpreferences,wesometimesseelessfamiliarchoicesasmoredesirable.Butwhenactingonthatpreference,wefallbacktowhatweThismightexplainwhysometimesthethingswewantandthethingswedodon’tquitematchup.mightevenreturntocompaniesthattreateduspoorlyinthepastorstayinbadrelationships.It’seasytopaintthefamiliarityprincipleasanenemyorsomethingtobattleasifitissomethingthatholdsusbackfromlivingourdreams.Butthisattitudemightbeoverwhelmingbecauseittendstoencourageustowardbig-picturethinking.Whereweimaginethatchangerequiresasubstantialdramatic(巨大而突然的)swingthatwedon’tfeelreadyfor.Somearticlessuggestthesolutiontofamiliarityfrustrationiscompleteexposuretonovelty(新奇的事物).Whilethiscanappeareffectiveintheshortrun,wemayonlyendupreplacingoneproblemwithanother.Italsorisksoverwhelmandburnout.Sowhatifwecanworkwiththefamiliarityprincipleinstead?Familiarityissomethingwecanlearntoplaywithandenjoy.Itisasettingforcreativityandapathwaytoexpansion.canbroadenthezoneoffamiliaritybitbybit.Ifwethinkoffamiliarityassomethingthatcanexpand,wecanconsiderchangingtheconditionsinandaroundourliestomakemorespaceforourpreferencestotakerootandgrowgently.Fromhere,wewillstartto第8頁/共23頁makedecisions,drawingfromanever-deepeningpoolofvaluablealternatives.12.Whatallowsinsurancecompaniestochargeoldcustomersmore?A.Thefamiliarityprinciple.B.Theadvertisingcost.C.Theimprovedservice.D.Thelawofthemarket.13.Whatcanbelearnedfromparagraph2?A.Ourpreferencesourdecisions.B.Therecanbeamismatchbetweendesiresandactions.C.Thefamiliarityprincipleisadouble-edgedsword.D.Familiaritytendstogeneratedisrespect.14.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsthesolutioninsomearticles?A.Objective.B.Favorable.C.Disapproving.D.15.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A.GentlyExpandFamiliarityZoneB.StepOutOfFamiliarityZoneC.SpareAThoughtForPreferenceD.GivePriorityTheMereExposure【答案】12.A13.B14.C15.A【解析】【導語】本文是一篇議論文。文章主要探討了熟悉性原則對我們決策的影響，并提出了一種平衡的觀點來看待這個原則，而不是將其視為阻礙，作者建議我們可以通過逐步擴展熟悉區域來利用這一原則來促進創造性和成長。【12題詳解】細節理解題。根據第一段“Studieshaveshownthemereexposurealsoreferredtoasthefamiliarityprinciple,inspiresourdecisions.Itisahelpfulpsychologicalmechanism(機制)thathelpsusmaintainourenergyandfocusourattentiononotherthings.Gettingusedtonewthingstakesanditcanbetiring.Sounlesswehaveaterribleexperience,wearelikelytobuyfromcompanieswe’vegotusedto.Thatiswhycompaniesspendsomuchmoneyonadvertisingandmarketingandwhyinsurancecompaniesopenlychargeexistingcustomersmorethannewones.(研究表明，單純的暴露效應，也被稱為熟悉原則，會激發我們的決定。這是一種有益的心理機制，可以幫助我們保持精力充沛，把注意力集中在其他事情上。習慣新事物需要努力，而且可能會很累。因此，除非我們有糟糕的經歷，否則我們很可能會從我們已經習慣的公司購買股票。這就是為什么公司在廣告和營銷上花那么多錢，為什么保險公司公開向現有客戶收取比新客戶更高的費用)”可知，熟悉原則讓保險公司向老客戶收取更多費用。故選A。第9頁/共23頁【13題詳解】推理判斷題。根據第二段“It’snotthecasethatweonlydesirethingswealreadySomestudiessuggestwheninvitedtoshareourpreferences,wesometimesseelessfamiliarchoicesasmoredesirable.Butwhenactingonthatpreference,wefallbacktowhatweThismightexplainwhysometimesthethingswewantandthethingswedodon’tquitematchup.mightevenreturntocompaniesthattreateduspoorlyinthepastorstayinbadrelationships.(這并不是說我們只想要已知的東西。一些研究表明，當被邀請分享我們的偏好時，我們有時會認為不太熟悉的選擇更可取。但當我們按照這種偏好行事時，我們又回到了我們所知道的。這也許可以解釋為什么有時候我們想要的和我們做的并不完全匹配。我們甚至可能回到過去對我們不好的公司，或者保持糟糕的關系)”可知，本段解釋了為什么有時候我們想要的和我們做的并不完全匹配，也就是說有時候我們的欲望和行動可能不匹配。故選B?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據第三段“Whilethiscanappeareffectiveintheshortrun,wemayonlyendupreplacingoneproblemwithanother.Italsorisksoverwhelmandburnout.(雖然這在短期內看起來是有效的，但我們最終可能只是用一個問題代替另一個問題。它也有讓人不堪重負和精疲力竭的風險。)”可知，這段話表明作者對文章中提出的解決方案持反對態度，認為這種解決方案可能只是暫時有效，而且可能帶來新的問題和風險。因此，作者的態度是反對的。故選C。【15題詳解】主旨大意題。根據第一段“Studieshaveshownthemereexposurealsoreferredtoasthefamiliarityprinciple,inspiresourdecisions.Itisahelpfulpsychologicalmechanism(機制)thathelpsusmaintainourenergyandfocusourattentiononotherthings.Gettingusedtonewthingstakesanditcanbetiring.(的暴露效應，也被稱為熟悉原則，會激發我們的決定。這是一種有益的心理機制，可以幫助我們保持精力)”以及最后一段“canbroadenthezoneoffamiliaritybitbybit.Ifwethinkoffamiliarityassomethingthatcanexpand,wecanconsiderchangingtheconditionsinandaroundourliestomakemorespaceforourpreferencestotakerootandgrowgently.Fromhere,wewillstarttomakedecisions,drawingfromanever-deepeningpoolofvaluablealternatives.(我們可以一點一點地擴大熟悉的范圍。如果我們認為熟悉是一種可以擴展的東西，我們可以考慮改變我們謊言內部和周圍的條件，為我們的偏好提供更多的空間，讓它生根發芽。從這里開始，我們將開始從不斷加深的有價值的選擇中做出決定)”可知，文章主要討論了熟悉性原則對我們決策的影響，以及如何利用這一原則進行創新和拓展。文章強調了我們可以逐步擴大熟悉的范圍，通過改變生活中的條件，為我們的偏好提供更多的AA。第10頁/共23頁第二節（共5小題，每小題分，滿分分）Lonelinessisabsolutelyanepidemic(流行病)inoursociety,butit’sbeengrowingfordecades.Lonelinessisthesensethat“IamlessconnectedtootherpeoplethanIwanttobe.”_____16_____Andthatmakesitdifferentfromisolation(獨處).Icandeliberatelyisolatemyselfandfeelgreataboutthat,butonlyyoucantellifyou’relonely._____17_____Insomestudies,asmanyas,60%ofpeoplewillsaythattheyfeellonelymuchofthetime.adultsaged16to24aretheloneliestagegroup.Therearemanyfactorsthatareresponsibleforthat.Lonelinesswasontherisefromthe1950sinpartbecauseoftheriseofprivatecars.becomeamuchmoremobilesocietywherethenetworksoffamilyandfriendsgetlooseaspeoplemoveforjobsandotherkindsofopportunitieslikeeducation._____18_____Butthenittearsusawayfromthecommunitieswearebornintoandspendmuchofourlivescreating.WhentelevisioncameintotheAmericanhome,therewasmoreofadeclineininvestinginourcommunities.Andthatwasmadeworseasthedigitalrevolutiongaveusmoreandmorescreenstolookat.Researchfindslonelinessisdangeroustoourhealth.____19____Inaddition,peoplewhoarelonelyinlatelifehavemorerapidbraindecline.Thechoicewecanmaketokeepusonagoodpathofwellbeingistoinvestinourrelationshipswithotherpeople.____20____belong.matter.connected.A.It’saverysubjectiveexperience.B.Allofthatisgoodontheonehand.C.mayfeellostandmayhavelowconfidence.D.Stresscomingfromlonelinesscausesphysicalbreakdown.E.Sincethe1950s,peoplehavebeenlessandlessinvestedinotherpeople.F.Peoplegotofarawaycollegesandonlygetintouchwithfamiliesonscreen.G.Agoodwayistofindanactivityaroundotherpeoplewhereyouarecomfortable.【答案】16.A17.E18.B19.D20.G【解析】【導語】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了現在人們感到孤獨的原因以及孤獨對我們的影響。【16題詳解】第11頁/共23頁由上文“Lonelinessisthesensethat“IamlessconnectedtootherpeoplethanIwanttobe”.孤獨是一種“我和別人的聯系比我想要的少”的感覺)”可知，這里在具體描述孤獨是一種怎樣的狀態，而A項It’saverysubjectiveexperience.(這是一種非常主觀的體驗)It指代上文的Lonelinesssubjective與上文Iwanttobe對應，所以本句有承上作用。故選A項?！?7題詳解】由下文“Insomestudies,asmanyas,60%ofpeoplewillsaythattheyfeellonelymuchofthetime.(在一些研究60%的人會說他們大部分時間都感到孤獨)”可知，這里講很多人會感覺到孤獨，而E項Sincethe1950s,peoplehavebeenlessandlessinvestedinotherpeople.(自20世紀50年代以來，人們對他人的投入的溝通時間越來越少)符合語境，與下句構成因果關系，所以有啟下作用。故選E項。【18題詳解】由上文“Therearemanyfactorsthatareresponsibleforthat.Lonelinesswasontherisefromthe1950sinpartbecauseoftheriseofprivatecare.becomeamuchmoremobilesocietywherethenetworksoffamilyandfriendsgetlooseaspeoplemoveforjobsandotherkindsofopportunitieslikeeducation.(造成這種情況的因素有很多。自20世紀50年代以來，孤獨感呈上升趨勢，部分原因是私人護理的興起。我們已經成為一個流動性更強的社會，隨著人們為工作和教育等其他機會而流動，家人和朋友的網絡變得松散)”可知，這里在講造成孤獨的因素。而B項Allofthatisgoodontheonehand.(一方面，這一切都很好)符合語境，that指代上文列舉的具體情況，本句也與but引導的后文形成轉折關系。故選B項。【19題詳解】由上文“Researchfindslonelinessisdangeroustoourhealth.(研究發現孤獨對我們的健康是危險的)獨對我們的健康是危險的，而D項Stresscomingfromlonelinesscausesphysicalbreakdown.(孤獨帶來的壓力會導致身體崩潰)physicalbreakdown與上文dangeroustoourhealth用。故選D項?！?0題詳解】由上文“Thechoicewecanmaketokeepusonagoodpathofwellbeingistoinvestinourrelationshipswithotherpeople.()投資于我們與他人的關系來保持我們的健康，而G項Agoodwayistofindanactivityaroundotherpeoplewhereyouarecomfortable.(一個好方法是在別人周圍找一個你覺得舒服的活動)他人的關系的具體建議，所以有承上作用。故選G項。第三部分語言運用（共兩節，滿分分）第一節（共小題，每小題1分，滿分分）第12頁/共23頁閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的、、、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。KashifHodawaswaitingforatrainwhenayoungmanaskedhimfordirections.Mr.Hodawas___21___bytheman’sthick-framedglasses,buthedidnotrealizethattheyweresmartglassesandthatasmallwhitelightindicatedthattheywere___22___.Afewminuteslater,thesameman,aHarvardjuniornamedAnhPhuNguyen,___23___himagainandasked,“Doyou___24___toworkoncommunityissues?”Mr.Hodawas___25___.Hecurrentlyworkedinbiotechnologybuthadpreviouslybeenajournalist___26___socialmatters.“I’vereadyour___27___before,”Mr.Nguyensaid.“That’ssupercool.”TheyshookhandsbeforeMr.Hoda___28___histrain,stillprocessinghowstrangethe___29___hadbeen.Aweeklater,hefoundoutjusthowstrange:hehadbeenaguineapiginanexperiment.Mr.NguyenandafellowHarvardstudent,CaineArdayfio,hadbuiltglassesusedfor_____30_____strangersinrealtime,andhad_____31_____themontwo“realpeople”atthesubwaystation,includingMr.Hoda.NowthetwostudentsaskedMr.Hodaforhis_____32_____tofeaturehiminavideo,andheagreed,believingittobeanimportantdemonstrationofwhatnewtechnologycouldachieve.Thevideowentviral.Mr.Nguyenexplainedinaninterviewthattheirsystemreliedonwidely_____33_____technologies.“Allthetoolswerethere.justhadtheideatocombinethemtogether.”Headdedthattheyhadnodesiretocommercializethisprojectandhad_____34_____wantedtoshowitwaspossible.Healsoencouragedpeopleto_____35_____theirinformationfromdatabrokersitesthatcanrevealprivatedetails.21.A.guidedB.challengedC.struckD.inspired22.A.recordingB.chargingC.loadingD.reflecting23.A.helpedB.approachedC.questionedD.invited24.A.rememberB.intendC.regretD.happen25.A.shockedB.amusedC.embarrassedD.relieved26.A.solvingB.organizingC.reformingD.covering27.A.novelB.poemC.workD.diary28.A.lookedforB.gotonC.wavedatD.signaledfor29.A.adventureB.encounterC.relationshipD.task30.A.identifyingB.locatingC.observingD.consulting第13頁/共23頁31A.discoveredB.placedC.basedD.demonstrated32.A.forgivenessB.permissionC.informationD.application33.A.advertisedB.unpopularC.availableD.debated34.A.suddenlyB.occasionallyC.immediatelyD.simply35.A.removeB.obtainC.updateD.analyze【答案】21.C22.A23.B24.D25.A26.D27.C28.B29.B30.A31.D32.B33.C34.D35.A【解析】【導語】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了Nguyen和他的同學CaineArdayfio制作了一種用于實時識別陌生人的眼鏡，并在地鐵站為兩個“真人”演示了這種眼鏡，其中包括Hoda先生?！?1題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：Hoda先生被這名男子的厚框眼鏡嚇了一跳，但他沒有意識到這是一副智能眼鏡，A.guidedB.challengedC.struckD.inspired激發。根據后文“bytheman’sthick-framedglasses,buthedidnotrealizethattheyweresmartglassesHoda先生對這名男子的厚框眼鏡驚呆了。故選C項。22題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：同上。A.recording錄音；B.charging收費；C.loading裝載；D.reflecting反映。根據前文“hedidnotrealizethattheyweresmartglassesandthatasmallwhitelightindicatedthattheywere”可知，這是一副智能眼鏡，一束小白光表明他們正在錄像。故選A項?！?3題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：幾分鐘后，同一名男子，Harvard大三學生AnhPhuNguyen再次走近他，問道：“你是否碰巧從事社區問題的工作？”A.helpedB.approachedC.questionedD.invited邀請。根據后文“himagainandasked”可知，幾分鐘后這名男子再次走近Hoda并問了問題。故選B項。【24題詳解】A.rememberB.intendC.regretD.happen根據前文“toworkoncommunityissues”可知，這名男子問Hoda是否碰巧從事社區問題的工作。happentodo是碰巧做某事的意思，故選D項?！?5題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：Hoda先生很吃驚。A.shocked吃驚的；B.amused逗樂的；C.embarrassed尷第14頁/共23頁尬的；D.relieved寬慰的。根據前文“Afewminuteslater,thesameman,aHarvardjuniornamedAnhPhuNguyen,___3___himagainandasked,“Doyou___4___toworkoncommunityissues?””可知，Hoda先生對這個問題感到吃驚。故選A項。【26題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：他目前在生物技術領域工作，但此前曾是一名報道社會事務記者。A.solving解決；B.organizing組織；C.reforming改革；D.covering根據前文“hadpreviouslybeenajournalist”和后文“socialmatters”可知，Hoda曾是一名報道社會事務的記者。故選D項。【27題詳解】Nguyen說。A.novel小說；B.poem詩歌；C.work作品；D.diary日記。根據前文“hadpreviouslybeenajournalist___6___socialmatters”以及“I’vereadyour”和后文“That’ssuperco