托福（閱讀）模擬試卷2（共9套）

（共242題）

托福（閱讀）模擬試卷第1套

一、閱讀題（本題共26題，每題1.0分，共26分。）

"SocialReadjustmentScales"HolmesandRahedevelopedtheSocialReadjustment

RatingScale（SRRS）tomeasurelifechangeasaformofstress.AThescaleassigns

numericalvaluesto43majorlifeeventsthataresupposedtoreflectthemagnitudeofthe

readjustmentrequiredbyeachchange.Inrespondingtothescale,respondentsareasked

toindicatehowoftentheyexperiencedanyofthese43eventsduringacertaintime

period（typically,thepastyear）.Thepersonthenaddsupthenumbersassociatedwith

eacheventchecked.BTheSRRSandsimilarscaleshavebeenusedinthousandsof

studiesbyresearchersallovertheworld.COverall,thesestudieshaveshownthatpeople

withhigherscoresontheSRRStendtobemorevulnerabletomanykindsofphysical

illness—andmanytypesofpsychologicalproblemsaswell.DMorerecently,however,

expertshavecriticizedthisresearch,citingproblemswiththemethodsusedandraising

questionsaboutthemeaningofthefindings.First,theassumptionthattheSRRS

measureschangeexclusivelyhasbeenshowntobeinaccurate.Wenowhaveample

evidencethatthedesirabilityofeventsaffectsadaptationaloutcomesmorethanthe

amountofchangethattheyrequire.Thus,itseemsprudenttoviewtheSRRSasa

measureotdiverseformsofstress,ratherthanasameasureofchange-relatedstress.

Second,theSRRSfailstotakeintoaccountdifferencesamongpeopleintheirsubjective

perceptionofhowstressfulaneventis.Forinstance,whiledivorcemaydeserveastress

valueof73formostpeople,aparticularperson'sdivorcemightgeneratemuchlessstress

andmeritavalueofonly25.Third,manyoftheeventslistedontheSRRSandsimilar

scalesarehighlyambiguous,leadingpeopletobeinconsistentastowhicheventsthey

reportexperiencing.Forinstance,whatqualifiesas"troublewiththeboss"?Shouldyou

checkthatbecauseyou'resickandtiredofyoursupervisor?Whatconstitutesa"change

inlivingconditions"?Doesyourpurchaseofagreatnewsoundsystemqualify?Asyou

cansec,theSRRSincludesmany"events"thatarcdescribedinadequately,producing

considerableambiguityaboutthemeaningofone'sresponse.Problemsinrecallingevents

overaperiodofayearalsoleadtoinconsistentrespondingonstressscales,thuslowering

theirreliability.Fourth,theSRRSdoesnotsamplefromthedomainofstressfulevents

verythoroughly.Dothe43eventslistedontheSRRSexhaustallthemajorstresses（hat

peopletypicallyexperience?Studiesdesignedtoexplorethatquestionhavefoundmany

significantomissions.Fif:h,thecorrelationbetweenSRRSscoresandhealthoutcomes

maybeinflatedbecausesubjects'neuroticismaffectsboththeirresponsestostressscales

andtheirself-reportsofhealthproblems.Neuroticindividualshaveatendencytorecall

morestressthanothersandtorecallmoresymptomsofillnessthanothers.These

tendenciesmeanthatsomeofthecorrelationbetweenhighstressandhighillnessmay

simplyre(ledtheefleetsofsubjects'neuroticism.Thepossiblecontaminatingeffectsof

neuroticismobscurethemeaningofscoresontheSRRSandsimilarmeasuresofstress.

TheLifeExperiencesSurveyInthelightoftheseproblems,anumberofresearchershave

attemptedtodevelopimprovedversionsoftheSRRS.Forexample,theLifeExperiences

Survey(LES),assembledbyIrwinSarasonandcolleagues,hasbecomeawidelyused

measureofstressincontemporaryresearch.TheLESrevisesandbuildsontheSRRS

surveyinavarietyofwaysthatcorrect,atleastinpart,mostoftheproblemsjust

discussed.Specifically,theLESrecognizesthatstressinvolvesmorethanmerechange

andasksrespondentstoindicatewhethereventshadapositiveornegativeimpacton

them.Thisstrategypermitsthecomputationofpositivechange,negativechange,and

totalchangescores,whichhelpsresearchersgainmuchmoreinsightintowhichfacetsof

stressaremostcrucial.TheLESalsotakesintoconsiderationdifferencesamongpeople

intheirappraisalofstress,bydroppingthenormativev/eightsandreplacingthemwith

personallyassignedweightingsoftheimpactofrelevantevents.Ambiguityinitemsis

decreasedbyprovidingmoreelaboratedescriptionsofmanyitemstoclarifytheir

meaning.TheLESdealswiththefailureoftheSRRStosamplethefulldomainof

stressfuleventsinseveralways.First,somesignificantomissionsfromtheSRRShave

beenaddedtotheLES.Second,theLESallowstherespondenttowriteinpersonally

importanteventsthatarenotincludedonthescale.Third,theLEShasanextrasection

justforstudents.Sarasonandcolleaguessuggestthatspecial,tailoredsectionsofthissort

beaddedforspecificpopulationswheneveritisuseful.

1、Basedontheinformationinparagraph1andparagraph2,whatcanbeinferredabout

apersonwithascoreof30ontheSRRS?

A、Apersonwithahigherscorewillexperiencelessstressthanthispersonwill.

Itislikelythatthispersonhasnotsufferedanymajorproblemsinthepastyear.

C、Theamountofpositivechangeisgreaterthanthatofapersonwithascoreof40.

D、Thispersonhasagreaterprobabilitytobeillthanapersonwitha20score.

標準答案：D

知識點解析："Overall,thesestudieshaveshownthatpeoplewithhigherscoresonthe

SRRStendtobemorevulnerabletomanykindsofphysicalillness."ChoiceAisnot

correctbecauseapersonwithahigherscorewillexperiencemore,notless,stress.Choice

Bisnotcorrectbecausethenumericalvaluesformajorproblemsarenotidentified,anda

scoreof30doesnothavemeaningunlessitiscomparedwithahigherorlowerscore.

ChoiceCisnotcorrectbecausetheeffectsofpositiveornegativechangearenot

mentionedinthefirsttwoparagraphs.

2、Ihewordtheyinthepassagerefersto

A、changes

measures

C、events

D、outcomes

標準答案：C

矢口識點解析："...thedesirabilityofeventsaffectsadaptationaloutcomesmorethanthe

amountofchangethatthey[events]require."

3、Theworddiverseinthepassageisclosestinmeaningto

A、necessary

B、steady

Cslimited

D、different

標準答案：D

知識點解析：Inthispassage,differentisasynonymfor"diverse."

4、Inparagraph4,theauthorusesdivorceasanexampletoshow

A^howmostpeoplerespondtohighstresssituationsintheirlives

B、theseriousnatureofasituationthatislistedasastressfulevent

C^thesubjectiveimportanceofasituationlistedonthescale

D、thenumericalvalueforastressfuleventontheSRRS

標準答案：C

知識點解析："...divorcemaydeserveastressvalueof73formostpeople,aparticular

person'sdivorcemightgeneratemuchlessstressandmeritavalueofonly25.”ChoiceA

isnotcorrectbecauseaparticularpersoniscomparedwithmostpeople.ChoiceBisnot

correctbecausetheseriousnatureofdivorceisnotmentioned.ChoiceDisnotcorrect

becausethenumericalvalueof73formostpeopleisquestioned.

5、Inparagraph5,howdoestheauthordemonstratethattheresponseeventsonthe

SRRSarenotconsistent?

A、Byaskingquestionsthatcouldbeansweredinmorethanoneway

B、Bygivingexamplesofresponsesthatareconfusing

C-.Bycomparingseveralwaystoscorethestressscales

D、Bysuggestingthatpeopledonotrespondcarefully

標準答案：A

知識點解析：”…whatqualifiesas'troublewiththeboss'?Shouldyoucheckthat

becauseyou'resickandtiredofyoursupervisor?Whatconstitutesa'changeinliving

conditions'?Doesyourpurchaseofagreatnewsoundsystemqualify?"ChoiceBisnot

correctbecausetheauthordoesnotofferexamplesofresponsestothequestionsposed.

ChoiceCisnotcorrectbecauseoptionsforscoresarcnotprovidedinparagraph5.

ChoiceDisnotcorrectbecausetheauthorsuggeststhatpeopledonotrespond

consistentlybutwhethertheyrespondcarefullyisnotmentioned.

6、Accordingtoparagraph7,whyistheSRRSinappropriateforpeoplewithneuroses?

ANTheyarcillmoreoften,whichaffectstheirscoresonthescale.

B、Theirself-reportingonthescaleisaffectedbytheirneuroses.

C^Theytendtosuffermorestressthanpeoplewithoutneuroses.

D、Theirresponsetostresswillprobablynotberecordedonthescale.

標準答案：B

知識點解析：”…subjects'neuroticismaffectsboththeirresponsestostressscalesand

theirself-reportsofhealthproblems."ChoiceAisnotcorrectbecausetheyrecallmore

symptoms,buttheyarcnotillmoreoften.ChoiceCisnotcorrectbecausetheyrecall

morestress,buttheydonotnecessarilysuffermoreactualstress.ChoiceDisnotcorrect

becausetheeffectsofneuroticismobscuresthemeaninsofthescoresthatarerecorded.

7、Thewordassembledinthepassageisclosestinmeaningto

A、announced

B、influenced

C^arranged

D、distributed

標準答案：C

知識點解析：Inthispassage,arrangedisasynonymfor"assembled.n

8、Thewordrelevantinthepassageisclosestinmeaningto

A^occasional

B、modern

C、related

D^unusual

標準答案：C

知識點解析：Inthispassage,relatedisasynonymfor"relevant."

9、Accordingtoparagraph9,whydoestheLESaskrespondentstoclassifychangeas

positiveornegative?

A、Toanalyzethelong-termconsequencesofchange

B、Todeterminewhichaspectsofchangearepersonallysignificant

C>Toexplainwhysomepeoplehandlestressbetterthanothers

D、Tointroducenormativeweightingofstressevents

標準答案：B

知識點解析:"...droppingthenormativeweightsandreplacingthemwithpersonally

assignedweightings."ChoiceAisnotcorrectbecauselong-termconsequencesarenot

includedinpositive,negative,andtotalchangescores.ChoiceCisnotcorrectbecause

thedifferencesinpeoplereflecttheirappraisalofstress,nothowtheyhandlestress.

ChoiceDisnotcorrectbecausenormativeweightingisreplacedbypersonallyassigned

weightings.

10NAccordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingistrueabouttheSRRSas

comparedwiththeLES?

A、TheSRRSincludesaspacetowriteinpersonaleventsthathavenotbeenlisted.

B、TheSRRSfeaturesasectionforspecificpopulationssuchasstudents.

C>TheSRRSassignsnumberstocalculatethestressassociatedwithevents.

D、TheSRRShashintstohelppeoplerecalleventsthathappenedoverayearago.

標準答案：C

知識點解析:Inparagraph1,theauthorsstatethattheSRRS"...assignsnumerical

values."ChoicesAandBarenotcorrectbecausetheyarementionedinparagraph10in

referencetotheLES,nottheSRRS.ChoiceDisnotcorrectbecauserecallingevents

fromoneyearagoisaproblemontheSRRS.

11、Whichofthefollowingstatementsmostaccuratelyreflectstheauthor'sopinionof

theSRRS?

A、Therearemanyproblemsassociatedwithit.

B、ItissuperiortotheLES.

C、Itshouldbestudiedmorecarefully.

D、Thescaleismostusefulforstudents.

標準答案：A

知識點解析：'TheLESdealswiththefailureoftheSRRStosamplethefulldomainof

stressfulevents."ChoiceBisnotcorrectbecausetheauthorexplainsseveralwaysthat

theLESdealswiththefailureoftheSRRS.ChoiceCisnotcorrectbecauseithasbeen

usedinthousandsofstudiesbyresearchersallovertheworld.ChoiceDisnotcorrect

becausetheLES,nottheSRRS,hasaspecialsectionforstudents.

12、Lookatthefoursquares[■]thatshowwherethefollowingsentencecouldbe

insertedinthepassage.Thissumisanindexoftheamountofchange-relatedstressthe

personhasrecentlyexperienced.Wherecouldthesentencebestbeadded?Clickona

square[■]toinsertthesentenceinthepassage.

A、

B、

C、

D、

標準答案：B

知識點解析：Referenceisatransitionaldevicethatconnectstheinsertsentencewithihe

previoussentence.'Thissum"intheinsertsentencereferstothephrase"addsupthe

numbers**intheprevioussentence.

13>Completethetablebymatchingthephrasesontheleftwiththeheadingsonthe

right.Selecttheappropriateanswerchoicesanddragthemtothesurveystowhichthey

relate.TWOoftheanswerchoiceswillNOTbeused.Thisquestionisworth4points.To

deleteananswerchoice,clickonit.Toseethepassage,clickonViewText.Answer

ChoicesALimitstheeventstoforty-threemajorlifechangesBCalculatessubscoresfor

negativeandpositivechangesCMustbetakentwiceinoneyearforareliablescoreD

IncorporatesaspacetowriteinadditionaleventsEProvidesforsubjectiveinterpretation

ofthechangesFIsnolongerbeingusedbypsychologistsGIncludessectionsfor

specializedpopulationsHConsistsofascaledevelopedinthe1960sIAssignsastandard

numericalvaluetoeventsSRRS——LES------

標準答案:SRRS:A,H,ILES:B,D,E,GNotused:C,F

知識點解析：暫無解析

"ResourcesandIndustrialisminCanada"Whilethemuch-anticipatedexpansionofthe

westernfrontierwasunfoldinginaccordancewiththedesignoftheNationalPolicy,a

newnorthernfrontierwasopeninguptoenhancetheprospectsofCanadianindustrial

development.ALongthepreserveofthefurtrade,theCanadianShieldandthewestern

Cordillerasbecameatreasuryofminerals,timberandhydroelectricpowerinthelate19th

andearly20thcenturies.Asearlyas1883,CPR[CanadianPacificRailway]construction

crewsblastingthroughtheruggedterrainofnorthernOntariodiscoveredcopperand

nickeldepositsinthevicinityofSudbury.BAsrefiningprocesses,uses,andmarketsfor

themetaldeveloped,Sudburybecametheworld'slargestnickelproducer.Thebuilding

oftheTemiskamingandNorthernOntarioRailwayledtothediscoveryofrichsilver

depositsaroundCobaltnorthofLakeNipissingin1903andtouchedoffaminingboom

thatspreadnorthwardtoKirklandLakeandthePorcupinedistrict.CAlthoughthe

economicimportanceoftheseminingoperationswasenduring,theydidnotcapturethe

publicimaginationtothesameextentastheKlondikegoldrushofthelate1890s.D

Fortune-seekersfromallpartsoftheworldflockedtotheKlondikeandYukonRiver

valleystopanforgoldstartingin1896.Attheheightofthegoldrushin1898,the

previouslyunsettledsubarcticfrontierhadapopulationofabout30,000,morethanhalf

ofwhichwasconcentratedinthenewlyestablishedtownofDawson.Inthesameyear,

thefederalgovernmentcreatedtheYukonTerritory,administeredbyanappointed

commissioner,inanefforttowardofftheprospectofannexationtoAlaska.Evenifthe

economicsignificanceoftheKlondikestrikewassomewhatexaggeratedandshort-lived,

thetalesofsuddenriches,heroicandtragicexploits,andtherowdinessandlawlessness

oftheminingfrontierwereimmortalizedthroughpopularfictionandfolklore,notably

thepoeticversesofRobertW.Service.Perhapslessromanticthantheminingbooms,the

exploitationofforestandwaterresourceswasjustasvitaltonationaldevelopment.The

Douglasfir,spruce,andcedarstandsofBritishColumbiaalongwiththewhitepine

forestsofOntariosatisfiedconstructiondemandsonthetreelessprairiesaswellasinthe

growingcitiesandtownsofcentralCanadaandtheUnitedStates.BritishColumbia's

forestsalsosuppliedlumbertoAsia.Inaddition,thesoftwoociforestwealthofthe

CordillerasandtheShieldwasavaluablesourceofpulpwoodforthedevelopmentofthe

pulpandpaperindustry,whichmadeCanadaoneoftheworld'sleadingexportersof

newsprint.Furthermore,thefastflowingriversoftheShieldandCordillerascouldreadily

beharnessedassourcesofhydroelectricpower,replacingcoalintheboomingfactories

ofcentralCanadaaswellasintheevolvingminingandpulpandpaperindustries.The

ageofelectricityunderpublicownershipandcontrolwasusheredinbythecreationof

theOntarioHydro-ElcctricPowerCommission(nowOntarioHydro)in1906todistribute

andeventuallytoproducethisvitalsourceofenergy.Westernsettlementandtheopening

ofthenorthernresourcefrontierstimulatedindustrialexpansion,particularlyincentral

Canada.AstheNationalPolicyhadintended,agrowingagriculturalpopulationinthe

Westincreasedthedemandforeasternmanufacturedgoods,therebygivingriseto

agriculturalimplementsworks,ironandsteelfoundries,machineshops,railwayyards,

textilemills,bootandshoefactories,andnumeroussmallermanufacturingenterprises

thatsuppliedconsumergoods.Bykeepingoutlower-pricedforeignmanufacturedgoods,

thahightariffpoliciesofthefederalgovernmentreceivedmuchcreditforprotecting

existingindustriesandencouragingthecreationofnewenterprises.Toclimbthetariff

wall,largeAmericanindustrialfirmsopenedbranchesinCanada,andthegovernmentsof

OntarioandQuebecaggressivelyurgedthemonbyofferingbonuses,subsidies,and

guaranteestolocatenewplantswithintheirborders.Canadianindustrialenterprises

becameincreasinglyattractivetoforeigninvestors,especiallyfromtheUnitedStatesand

GreatBritain.MuchoftheoverS600millionofAmericancapitalthatflowedinto

Canadafrom1900to1913wasearmarkedforminingandthepulpandpaperindustry,

whileBritishinvestorscontributednear$1.8billion,mostlyinrailwaybuilding,business

development,andtheconstructionofurbaninfrastructure.Asaresult,thegrossvalueof

Canadianmanufacturedproductsquadrupledfrom1891to1916.

14、Whydoestheauthormention"therailroads"inparagraph1?

A^BecauseminersweretravelingtocampsintheWest

B、Becausemineraldepositswerediscoveredwhentherailroadswerebuilt

C、Becausethewesternfrontierwasbeingsettledbyfamilies

D^Becausetradersusedtherailroadstotransporttheirgoods

標準答案：B

知識點解析：ThebuildingoftheTemiskamingandNorthernOntarioRailwayledto

thediscoveryofrichsilverdeposits."ChoicesA,C,andDaretrue,buttheydonotrelate

tothemainpointinparagraph1,theresourcesinthewesternfrontier.

15^Inparagraph1,theauthoridentifiesSudburyas

A^animportantstoponthenewrailroadline

B、alargemarketforthemetalsproducedinOntario

C、amajorindustrialcenterfortheproductionofnickel

D^aminingtownintheKlondikeregion

標準答案：C

知識點解析：”…Sudburybecametheworld'slargestnickelproducer.nChoiceAisnot

correctbecauseitisnotmentioneddirectlyintheparagraph.ChoiceBisnotcorrect

becauseSudburywasasupplier,notamarketformetals.ChoiceDisnotcorrectbecause

SudburyisinOntario,notintheKlondike.

16、Thewordenduringinthepassageisclosestinmeaningto

A、disruptive

restored

C、identifiable

D、lasting

標準答案：D

知識點解析：Inthispassage,lastingisasynonymfor"enduring."

17、Accordingtoparagraph2,whywastheYukonTerritorycreated?

A、Toencouragepeopletosettletheregion

B、TopreventAlaskafromacquiringit

C、Toestablishlawandorderinthearea

D、Tolegalizetheminingclaims

標準答案：B

知識點解析："...thefederalgovernmentcreatedtheYukonTerritory...inaneffortto

wardofftheprospectofannexationtoAlaska."ChoiceAisnotcorrectbecausefortune-

seekerswereflockingtherealready.ChoiceCisnotcorrectbecausethetalesof

lawlessnessweretoldinpopularfiction,butnoefforttoestablishlawandorderwas

mentioned.ChoiceDisnotcorrectbecausethelegalityoftheminingclaimswasnot

mentioned.

18、Thewordpreviouslyinthepassageisclosestinmeaningto

A^frequently

B>suddenly

C、routinely

D、formerly

標準答案：D

知識點解析：Inthispassage,formerlyisasynonymfor"previously."Contextcomes

fromthereferenceto"unsettled"foranareathatwasincreasinginpopulation.

19、HowdidthepoetrybyRobertServicecontributetothedevelopmentofCanada?

A、ItmadetheKlondikegoldrushfamous.

ItencouragedfamiliestosettleintheKlondike.

C、ItcapturedthebeautyofthewesternKlondike.

D、ItpreventedtheKlondike'sannexationtoAlaska.

標準答案：A

知識點解析：”...thetales|oftheKlondikestrike]...wereimmortalizedthrough...the

poeticversesofRobertW.Service."ChoicesBandCmayhavebeentrue,buttheywere

notmentionedinconnectionwiththepoetryofRobertService.ChoiceDisnotcorrect

becausethecreationoftheYukonTerritory,notthepoetry,preventedtheKlondike's

annexationtoAlaska.

20、Accordingtoparagraph3,theforestindustrysupportedthedevelopmentofCanada

inallofthefollowingwaysEXCEPT

A^bysupplyingwoodfortheconstructionofhomesandbuildings

B、byclearingthelandforexpandedagriculturaluses

C、byproducingthepowerforthehydroelectricplants

D^byexportingwoodandnewsprinttoforeignmarkets

標準答案：B

知識點解析：ChoiceAismentionedinparagraph3,sentence2.ChoiceCismentioned

inparagraph3,sentence5.ChoiceDismentionedinparagraph3,sentence4.

21、ThewordFurthermoreinthepassageisclosestinmeaningto

A^Although

B、Because

C、Therefore

D、Moreover

標準答案：D

知識點解析:Inthispassage,Moreoverisasynonymfor"Furthermore."Contextcomes

fromtheadditionofanotherwaythattheforestandwaterresourceswereexploited.

22、Whichofthesentencesbelowbestexpressestheinformationinthehighlighted

statementinthepassage?Theotherchoiceschangethemeaningorleaveoutimportant

information.

ANNewbusinessesandindustrieswerecreatedbythefederalgovernmenttokeepthe

pricesofmanufacturedgoodslow.

B、Thelowerpriceofmanufacturingattractedmanyforeignbusinessesandnew

industriestothearea.

C、Federaltaxesoncheaperimportedgoodswereresponsibleforprotectingdomestic

industriesandsupportingnewbusinesses.

D、Thefederaltaxlawsmadeitdifficultformanufacturerstoselltheirgoodstoforeign

markets.

標準答案：C

知識點解析：Federaltaxesparaphrases"thehightariffpolicies*'andcheaperimported

goodsparaphrasesHlower-pricedforeignmanufacturedgoods.n...protectingdomestic

industriesparaphrases"protectingexistingindusiries"andsupportingnewbusinesses

paraphrases"encouragingthecreationofnewenterprises."

23、Thewordtheminthepassagerefersto

A、governments

plants

C>firms

D、policies

標準答案：C

知識點解析："Toclimbthetariffwall,largeAmericanindustrialfirmsopenedbranches

inCanada,andthegovernmentsofOntarioandQuebecaggressivelyurgedthem

|Americanindustrialfirms]onbyofferingbonuses,subsidies,andguaranteestolocate

newplants."Thepronoun"them"doesnotrefertoChoicesA,B,orD.

24>Accordingtoparagraph4,BritishandAmericanbusinessesopenedaffiliatesin

Canadabecause

A、theCanadiangovernmentofferedincentives

therawmaterialswereavailableinCanada

C、theconsumersinCanadawereeagertobuytheirgoods

D、theinfrastructurewasattractivetoinvestors

標準答案：A

知識點解析：”...thegovernmentsofOntarioandQuebec...[offered]bonuses,

subsidies,andguaranteestolocatenewplantswithintheirborders."ChoiceBistrue,but

itisnotthereasonwhyBritishandAmericanbusinessesopenedaffiliates.ChoiceCis

notcorrectbecausetheconsumersinwesternCanadawereeagertobuygoodsfrom

easternandcentralCanada,notfromabroad.ChoiceDisnotcorrectbecauseBritish

investorscontributedtotheconstructionofurbaninfrastructure.

25Lookatthefoursquares[■]thatshowwherethefollowingsentencecouldbe

insertedinthepassage.RailwayconstructionthroughtheKootenayregionof

southeasternBritishColumbiaalsoledtosignificantdiscoveriesofgold,silver,copper,

lead,andzinc.Wherecouldthesentencebestbeadded?Clickonasquare[■]toinsert

thesentenceinthepassage.

A、

B、

C、

D、

標準答案：C

知識點解析：Vocabularyreferenceisatransitionaldevicethatconnectstheinsert

sentencewiththeprevioussentence.Theconnectionis"Railwayconstruction"and

"discoveriesofgold,silver,copper,lead,andzinc"to"Thebuildingofthe...Railway1'

and"richsilverdeposits."

26、Anintroductionfbrashortsummaryofthepassageappearsbelow.Completethe

summarybyselectingtheTHREEanswerchoicesthatmentionthemostimportantpoints

inthepassage.Somesentencesdonotbelonginthesummarybecausetheyexpressideas

thatarenotincludedinthepassageorareminorpointsfromthepassage.Thisquestionis

worth2points.Thenorthernfrontierprovidedmanynaturalresourcesthatcontributedto

theindustrialexpansionofCanada.----AnswerChoicesATheYukonTerritorywas

createdin1898duringthegoldrushintheKlondikeandYukonRivervalleys.BThe

frontierwasdocumentedinthepopularpress,whichpublishedtalesofheroesandgold

strikes.CSignificantdiscoveriesofmineraldepositsencouragedprospectorsandsettlers

tomoveintotheterritories.DWheatandotheragriculturalcropswereplantedafterthe

forestswerecleared,creatingthecentralplains.EPoweredbyhydroelectricity,lumber

andpapermillsexploitedtheforestsfbrbothdomesticandforeignmarkets.FIncentives

encouragedAmericanandBritishinvestorstohelpexpandmanufacturingplantsin

Canada.

標準答案：C,E,F

知識點解析：summarizethepassage.ChoicesAandBareminorpointsthatsupport

majorpointC.ChoiceDisaminorpointthatsupportsmajorpointE.

托福（閱讀）模擬試卷第2套

一、閱讀題（本題共30題，每題1.0分，共30分。）

THECOSMOLOGICALPRINCIPLE（1）Cosmologistsattempttounderstandtheorigin

andstructureoftheuniverseasawhole.Theybegintheirsearchwithanassumption

aboutthenatureoftheuniverse-namely,thatinlookingoutfromourvantagepointin

thecosmos,wesecessentiallythesamekindofuniversethatanobserverstationedinany

otherpartofit,nomatterhowremote,wouldsee.Asfarasourtelescopescanreach,we

seegalaxiesandclustersofgalaxiesdistributedinmoreorlessthesamewayinevery

direction.Thisassumptionthattheuniverseisuniformonalargescaleiscalled"the

cosmologicalprinciple."(2)Onethingthatiscertainisthattheuniverseisexpanding.In

everydirectionwelook,distantgalaxiesaremovingav/ayfromeachother.Untilthe

1960s,theexpansionoftheuniversewastheprimaryfactofcosmologicalsignificance

thatcosmologicaltheorieshadtoaccommodate.Thereweretwogeneralclassesof

cosmologicaltheoriesthatfitwiththeexpandinguniverse:theevolutionary(BigBang)

theoryandthesteady-statetheory.(3)Theessentialideaoftheevolutionarycosmologyis

thattherewasabeginning—amomentofcreationatwhichtheuniversecameinto

existenceinahot,violentexplosion—theBigBang.Inthebeginning,theuniversewas

veryhot,verydense,andverytiny.Astheexplosionevolved,thetemperaturedropped,

thedistributionofmatterandenergythinned,andtheuniverseexpanded.Fromthe

currentobservedrateofexpansion,weconcludethat