專項五中考題型

重難點26閱讀理解之記敘文

知識梳理

1.材料特點

人物故事類的閱讀理解是中考英語的常考材料之一。這類文章一般可分為人物傳記和短篇故事兩類。

i.i.人物傳記主要涉及某人的生平事跡、趣聞軼事、生活背景、個性特征、成長和奮斗歷程等，其特

點是以時間的先后或事件的發展為主線，脈絡清楚，可讀性較強。

1.2.短篇故事與人物傳記不同的是，這類文章一般描述的是某一件具體事情的發生發展或結局，有人

物、時間、地點和事件。命題往往從故事的情節、人物或事件之間的關系、作者的態度及意圖、故事前因

和后果的推測等方面著手，考查考生對細節的辨認能力以及推理判斷能力。

2.解題技巧

2.1.閱讀人物傳記類文章時應該抓住時間線索來獲取有關信息，即主人翁在某個時間做過什么，然后

通過分析推理、綜合歸納的方法進行解題。

2.2.閱讀短篇故事類材料時，同學們一定要根據主要情節掌握文章主旨大意，同時抓住每一個細節，

設身處地地根據文章內容揣摩作者的態度和意圖，根據情節展開想象，這樣的話即使是深層理解題也可迎

刃而解。

3.滿分技巧

3.1.主旨題

解題技巧為：找主題句。應先通讀全文，理解大意，充分理解主題句的意義。主題句通常出現在短文第一

句或最后一句。

3.2.細節題

解題技巧為：快速捕捉信息，尤其是一些事例、數字等，劃出相關句子，進行對照。

3.3.推斷題

解題技巧為：尋找線索，悟出字里行間的意思。

3.4.猜測詞義題

解題技巧為：通過閱讀上下文，斷定該詞的真正含義。

命題趨勢

中考閱讀理解題主要考查學生的語篇閱讀能力、分析和判斷能力。要求學生能較快地通過閱讀理解短

文大意，獲取其中的主要信息，能做出正確判斷，然后根據試題的要求從三個或四個選項中選出最佳答案。

文章的難易程度和初三課文基本相同，要求閱讀速度為每分鐘40-50個詞。主要涉及到記敘文，說明文，應

用文等。

典例解析

（2022?江蘇鹽城?統考中考真題）

Maggie,TravisandLucy'sscienceteachersetaspecialtestforthem.Theyhadtoworkoutdifferentkindsof

problemswithinlimitedtimetogetoutofalockedroom.

Forthepasthour,Maggie,TravisandLucyhadbeenlockedinsidearoomdecoratedlikeamadscientisfs

laboratory.Togethertheydecoded（破譯）asecretlanguageandsolvedadifficultmathsproblem.

Thelastchallenge,however,stoppedthem.Thekeytothedoorwastrappedinablockofice.

“Wehavetomelttheice,“Lucysaid.

“Butthere9snothinghothere!”Maggiecomplained.

Travispulledoffhissweatshirtandwrapped（裹）itaroundtheice."ThiskeepsmewarmJhereasoned.

Afewminutespassedby,buttheicedidn'tmelt.

“Isn'tclothaninsulator（Pi%熱材料）？“Lucyasked.Shetriedtorememberwhatshehadlearnedinscience

class.a4Heatalwaysflowsfromwarmobjectstocoldones.Theheatintheairwilleventuallymelttheice,butwe

needtofindsomethingthatwillhelpheatmovefromtheairtotheicemorequickly.

“Whataboutglass?”Maggieasked.

“Glassisalsoaninsulator.Itkeepsheatfrommoving,Lucysaid.Thenshenoticedalargemetaltray（金屬托

盤）acrosstheroom.t4Thismightwork!”

Lucyputtheblockoficeontothetray.Everybody'seyesmovedbetweentheclockandtheice.Wouldtheybe

abletofreethekeyintime?

Atlast,thekeylayinthewateronthetray.Thethreefriendsrushedoutoftheroominthelastminute.

“Wemadeit!”Travischeered.t6Goodthingyoupaidattentioninscienceclass!,?

1.Whatfinalchallengedidthethreefriendsneedtocomplete?

A.Tosolveamathsproblem.B.Tolearnasecretlanguage.

C.Tofindtheirscienceteacher.D.Togetthekeytrappedinice.

2.WhatdoesTravismeanbysaying"Thiskeepsmewarm^^?

A.Hissweatshirtcanhelpmelttheice.B.Hedislikeshissweatshirt.

C.Hissweatshirtisofgoodquality.D.Hewantstotakeoffhissweatshirt.

3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“eventually“probablymean?

A.carefullyB.suddenlyC.finallyD.properly

4.Whafsthebesttitleforthestory?

A.ChangingIceintoWaterB.DecoratingtheLaboratory

C.RunningawayfromtheRoomD.PreparingforaScienceClass

【短文大意】

本文是一篇記敘文，講述了瑪吉、特拉維斯和露西在科學老師的安排下，在一間上了鎖的房間，利用學過

的科學知識突破重重關卡，最終走出房間的故事。

【答案解析】

1.細節理解題。根據"Thelastchallenge,however,stoppedthem.Thekeytothedoorwastrappedinablockofice.”

可知，孩子們遇到的最后一個挑戰是拿到被凍在冰里的鑰匙。故選D。

2.詞句猜測題。根據"Wehavetomelttheice"及"Travispulledoffhissweatshirtandwrapped（裹）itaroundthe

ice.'Thiskeepsmewarm,'hereasoned.”可知，孩子們想找熱的東西來融化冰，特拉維斯脫下了自己的運動衫，

他強調這件運動衫可以讓自己保持暖和，意在說明這件運動衫同樣也可以讓冰“暖和”，可以幫助融化冰。故

選Ao

3.詞句猜測題。根據“Heatalwaysflowsfromwarmobjectstocoldones.Theheatintheairwilleventuallymelt

theice”可知，熱量總是從溫暖的物體流向寒冷的物體，空氣中的熱量最終會融化冰，劃線部分單詞意為“最

終地”，與finally同義。故選C。

4.最佳標題題。根據"Theyhadtoworkoutdifferentkindsofproblemswithinlimitedtimetogetoutofalocked

room.”及全文可知，本文主要講述了三個小伙伴利用自己學過的知識突破重重關卡，最終成功走出上鎖房間

的故事，故"RunningawayfromtheRoom”可作為本文標題。故選Co

限時檢測

（2022?四川綿陽?統考中考真題）AtasnowparkinZhangjiakou,Hebei,ChineseteenagesnowboarderSu

Yimingwonasilverinthemen'ssnowboardingcompetitiononFebruary7.ItwasthefirsttimethataChinese

snowboarderhadevercompetedinthiseventatanyOlympics.Suwasintroducedtosnowboardingattheageof4

byhisparents,whowerebothsnowboardingfans.Sufellinlovewiththesportthefirsttimetheytookhimtoaski

center.Laterhekeptonpracticingafterclass.Tosaveupmoretimeforsnowboarding,hewouldgetupat5amand

finishhishomeworkearly.

Sujustsawsnowboardingasahobbyinthebeginning.However,onJuly31,2015whenheknewthatWinter

Olympics2022wouldbeheldinBeijing,hismindturnedtoprofessional（職業的）competition.Hedreamedof

joiningintheWinterOlympics.Andhedecidedtogoprofessional.

In2018SubecameamemberofChina5snationalsnowboardingteam.In2020and2021,hetookhomegold

medals（獎牌）ofallnationalcompetitions.InJanuary2021,hebecamethefirstChinesemansnowboardertofinish

theCab1800—themostdifficultsnowboardingskill.

BehindhissuccessisSu'shardwork.Hehasmadefulluseofeverychancetotrainmore.Usuallyhearrived

atthetrainingcenterearlierthanhisteammates.Inthatway,hecouldpracticemore.Heevenbrokeseveral

snowboardsinoneweekbecauseofheavytraining.

AfterSuwonhissilvermedal,hisfatherSuQunreceivedaninterview.Hesaidthatthiswouldnotbehis

son'slastOlympicsandSuwoulddobetterinthefuture.

1.HowdidSufeelthefirsttimehetriedsnowboarding?

A.Disappointed.B.Interested.C.Worried.D.Moved.

2.WhydidSudecidetogoprofessional?

A.Hisparentsweresnowboardingfans.

B.Hecouldfinishthemostdifficultskill.

C.HejoinedChina'snationalsnowboardingteam.

D.WinterOlympics2022wouldbeheldinBeijing.

3.WhendidSubecomeanationalteammember?

A.In2022.B.In2020.C.In2018.D.In2015.

4.WhatisthekeytoSu'ssuccess?

A.Takinghomegoldmedals.B.Trainingharddayandnight.

C.BeingthefirsttofinishtheCab1800.D.Gettingmuchhelpfromhisteammates.

5.Whichpartisthetextprobablytakenfrominamagazine?

A.Sport.B.Travel.C.Health.D.Science.

（2022?四川宜賓?統考中考真題）Dreamsreallyexist.Butinthemorningwhenyouwakeup,theyare

rememberedjustasadream.Thatiswhathappenedtome.

Ialwayshadthedreamtodance.WhenIwasyoung,Iwoulddancearoundandaroundinthefieldsof

wildflowersthatgrewinmybackyard.RealitywokemeupwhenIheardavoicesaying,"Idon'tknowwhyyoutry

todance,Anna.Youdon'thavethetalenttobeaballerina（芭蕾舞演員）Hearingthat,Ifelltothegroundand

criedforhours.

Welivedinthecountrysidebyalake.Mymotherdidn'tlikeanythingbecauseshethoughtnothingwasever

perfectinherlife.Shedreamedofadifferentlifebutsheendeduplivinginthecountryside,farawayfromthecity

whereshebelievedherdreamswouldcometrue.

Ienjoyedhangingoutbythewater.Iusedtositthereforhoursandstareatmyreflection.Oncethewaves

came,myreflectionwouldbewashedaway,justlikemydreamtodance.

AsIgrewolder,Ibegantorealizemydreamwasevenbornbecauseofsomethingthatwasinsideme.The

dreamIhadwasnevercaredfor,soitslowlydied.WhenIfinallywokeupfrommanyyearsofdreaming,Irealized

thatIcouldn'tonlydanceinthewildflowers.Ihadtomoveontothestage（舞臺）.

6.Whatisthewriter'sdream?

A.Tobeaballerina.B.Todanceinthefield.

C.Toliveinthecity.D.Tohelphermother.

7.WhydidAnnacryforhours?

A.Shecouldn'tsleepduringthenight.B.Shecouldn'trememberherdreams.

C.Peopledidn9tletherdanceintheyard.D.Peopledidn'tthinkshewasgoodatdance.

8.WhatcanweknowaboutAnna'smotherfromParagraph3?

A.Sheachievedherdream.B.Shewantedtoliveinthecity.

C.Shewassatisfiedwithherlife.D?Shelikedlivinginthecountryside.

9.WhatdidAnnausuallydowhenhangingoutbythewater?

A.Dancebyherself.B.Dosomewashing.

C.Findherlostdreams.D-Watchherselfinthewater.

10.WhatdidAnnafinallydecidetodo?

A.Letherdreamdie.B.Holdontoherdream.

C.Gobacktothecountry.D.Livewithherdearmother.

NanHauserisamarinebiologist（海洋生物學家）.Oneday,shewasfilmingneartheocean（海洋）.Asitwas

required,shewentintotheoceanandswamslowlytowardsomewhales.Justthen,awhalesawher,andsuddenly

chargedat（猛沖）her.

Nanhadworkedintheoceanfor30yearsandhadneverseenanythinglikeit.Shedidn'tknowwhattodo.So,

shestayedawayfromit.Butthewhalehadnoideaofwalkingaway.Justthen,shesawsomewhalesmovingfast

towardher.Whenshelookedcloser,therewasalsoabigtigershark.ThewhaletriedhisbesttoprotectNan.Hehid

Nannexttohisface.

ThewhalepulledNanwithitshead,andswamasfastasitcouldtowardtheboat.t6Ijustrodethewhalefor

about10minutes,9,saidNan.

ItwasnotuntilNanwassafelyintheboatthatthewhaleslowlymovedaway.

Ayearand15dayslater,toNan'ssurprise,sheagainsawthewhalethathadsavedherlife!Nanwasonlyone

meterawayfromhimandshesawthescar（傷疤）onhishead.Shegotontheboatandputherfootinthewaterand

thewhalestayedthereforanother20minutes.Finally,Nantoldhimthesamethingshesaidlasttime:Thankyou,I

loveyou.

“Itwillalwaysbeapartofme.Itwillalwayshaveaplaceinmyheart.IhopeIcanseeitagainbecauseI

reallymissit.”

11.WhydidNangointotheocean?

A.Becauseshewasrequiredtodoso.B.Becauseshelikedtoswimintheocean.

C.Becauseshewantedtoseethewhale.D.Becausethewhalewantedtoseeher.

12.HowmanyyearshadNanworkedasamarinebiologistintheocean?

A.Forafewyears.B.Fortenyears.C.Fortwentyyears.D.Forthirtyyears.

13.WhatdidNanunderstandatlastwhenshefoundabigtigershark?

A.Thewhalewantedtofightagainsttheshark.B.Thesharkwantedtoeatthewhale.

C.ThewhalewantedtoprotectNan.D.ThesharkwantedtoprotectNan.

14.HowdidNancomebacktoherboat?

A.Thewhalekilledtheshark.B.Nanrodethewhalebacktoherboat.

C.Thesharksentherbacktoherboat.D.Nanswamasfastasshecouldtoherboat.

15.Whatdowelearnfromthestory?

A.Whalesareourfriendsthatneedtobeprotected.

B.Whalesareindangerfromwaterpollution.

C.Weshouldlearnmoreaboutwhales.

D.Whalesarehugeanimalsinthesea.

（2022?貴州遵義?統考中考真題）TodayisJune26th,theInternationalAnti-drugDay（國際禁毒日）.When

peopletalkaboutdrugfighting,anamewillprobablyappearinourminds-LinZexu,whoisrememberedasa

nationalheroinChina.Since1839,weChinesehavealwaysbeenfightingagreatwaragainstdrugs.

Now,PengTaizhenfromYunnanprovincehasbeensupportingtheworkofdrugfightinginherownway.

Peng'shusband,ZhangCongshun,wasananti-drugpoliceofficer.Onedayin1994,whenhewasfighting

withagroupofdrugcriminalsandtryingtosavehispartner,hegotseriouslyinjuredanddiedlater.Penghadto

raisetheirsonsbyherself.

Allofherthreesonsbecamepoliceofficersaftergraduatingfromcollege.Sadly,heryoungestson,Zhang

Ziquan,losthislifeattheageof36whilehewasworkingonadrugcaseinDecember,2020.

“Myhusbanddied,leavingmanyunfinishedthingsincrimefightingbehindhim.Butwestillhavesonsto

continuealongtheway.IfIhadthechancechooseagain,IwouldstillstandbehindthemPengsaid.

PengTaizhenistrulyaheroine,agreatmotheraswellasagoodwife.Shehasmadesuchagreat

contribution（貢獻）toanti-drugfighting!

16.LinZexuisrememberedasa（an）byusChinese.

A.artistB.nationalhero

C.writerD.policeofficer

17.WhatdidPeng'shusbanddiefor?

A.Savinghispartner.B.Helpinghisson.

C.Protectingthevillagers.D.Fightingthevirus.

18.WhichstatementisTRUEaboutPengTaizhen?

A.HerhusbanddiedinDecember,2020.

B.Heryoungestsonlosthislifein1994.

C.Onlyoneofhersonsisapoliceofficer.

D.Sheisaverygreatwifeandmother.

19.Howmanypeoplementionedinthepassagehavemadegreatcontributionstodrugfighting?

A.2B.3C.4D.5

20.Whatisthepurposeofwritingthepassage?

A.ToexpressourthankstoMs.Peng

B.ToknowaboutLinZexuandhisstories.

C.ToremembertheInternationalAnti-drugDay.

D.Topassonthespiritofourdrug-fightingheroes.

（2022?遼寧丹東?統考中考真題）

Text1:LiuYang,borninOctober1978,waschosenasthefirst

ChinesewomanastronautinspaceinJune,2012.Shemadehistory.

InJune,2022,shewassenttospaceagainbyShenzhou-14.PictureA

Text2：LhasaisthecapitalofTibet.ThePotalaPalace（布達拉宮）

inLhasamakesTibetfamousallovertheworld.Ontheotherhand,以

Tibetisalsowell-knownforitsbeautifulnaturalsights.SoalotofPictureB

visitorsgothereeveryyear.

Text3:Recently,shortvideoplatforms（平臺）haveofferedafun

4

andeasywaytoshowthetraditionalartforms,suchaspaper

cutting,shadowplayworks（皮影戲）,PekingOpera.Youngusers

PictureC

knowmoreabouttraditionalChineseculturefromthosevideos.

Text4:Handsinthepockets——Thisiscommonlyseenindaily

0）

life.InSwedenandFrance,puttingyourhandsinyourpockets

wouldbeconsideredimpoliteinabusinessmeeting,eventhoughi

PictureD

youmaywearasuit.

21.WhenwasLiuYangsenttospaceforthesecondtime?

A.In1978.B.In2012.C.In2021.D.In2022.

22.TherearereasonswhyTibetiswell-knownaccordingtoText2.

A.twoB.threeC.fourD.five

23.WhichpictureshowsthetraditionalartformmentionedinText3?

A.PictureA.B.PictureB.C.PictureC.D.PictureD.

24.WherecanyoungpeoplelearnaboutthetraditionalChineseartformseasily?

A.Inspace.B.InthePotalaPalace.

C.Onshortvideoplatforms.D.InSwedenandFrance.

25.WhichonewouldbeconsideredimpoliteinabusinessmeetinginSwedenandFrance?

A.Puttingyourhandsoutofyourpockets.

B.Shakinghandswithbusinesspartners.

C.Wearingasuitwithpockets.

D.Puttingyourhandsinyourpockets.

（2022.廣西河池.統考中考真題）閱讀短文，根據短文內容，從下面各小題所給的四個備選項中，選出最佳

選項。

SuBingtianranintotherecordbooksattheTokyo2020OlympicGamesonAugust1.Hebecamethefirst

Chinesetoenterthemen's100mfinal（決賽）attheOlympics.Andwith9.83secondsinthe100msemi-final（半決

賽）,hesetanewAsianrecord.

Althoughhefinishedsixth,Surecordedatimeof9.98secondsinthefinal,0.18secondsbehindthewinner

LamontMarcellJacobsofItaly,whoclocked9.80seconds."'Actually,Iamveryhappytorununder10seconds

twiceinsuchashorttime.Makingitintothefinals,IhavealreadygivenallIhave,^^Susaidaftertherace.

ThelastChinesetrack-and-fieldathlete（田徑運動員）tomakehistoryattheOlympicswasLiuXiang.Liu

wonagoldmedalinthemen's110mhurdles（跨欄賽）inAthensin2004andbroughtChinaitsfirstOlympicgold

medalinamen'strack-and-fieldevent.

“Ifitwasn'tforLiuXiang9sachievement,we'dneverhavethoughtthatanAsianwouldstepontheOlympic

track-and-fieldfinalandevenwintherace,“Susaid."IhopemysixthplaceattheOlympicfinalwillencourage

moreChineseathletestogoforward.,,

26.Su'sBingtianbecametheChinesetoenterthemen's100mfinalattheOlympics.

A.firstB.secondC.thirdD.fourth

27.Sufinishedsixthinthefinalandit'sjustsecondsbehindthewinner.

A.0.15B.0.18C.9.83D.9.98

28.Suwasverytorununder10secondstwiceinsuchashorttime.

A.tiredB.boredC.worriedD.glad

29.broughtChinaitsfirstOlympicgoldmedalinamen'strack-and-fieldevent.

A.LinDanB.MaLongC.LiuXiangD.SuBingtian

30.PeoplemostlythinkthatseldomstepsontheOlympictrack-and-fieldfinal.

A.anAsianB.aEuropeanC.anAmericanD.anAfrican

（2022?山東東營?統考中考真題）WhenmysisterBeckywasyoung,shewasbitten（咬）byadog.Fromthat

dayon,shedidn'tlikedogs.Butallofthatchangedwhenmyunclehadtobeawayforaweek.

Myunclelefthisdogwithustotakecareof.Thedog'snamewasRex,andhewashuge.PoorRexliked

followingmysisteraroundverymuch.Shehatedthatbecauseofherfearofdogs.

Oneday,togetawayfrom（擺脫）Rex,mysistertiedhimtoachairintheyardandwentforawalkinthe

forest.Shelookedbackandsawhimpullingathisrope（繩）,buthestillstayedthere.

Whilewalkingintheforest,Beckysuddenlysawsomewolveseatingadeer（鹿）thathadjustbeenkilled.

Normally,wolveswouldnotattack（攻擊）ahuman,butwhentheyareeating,theycanbeverydangerous,

especiallyforachild.

Slowly,thewolvesbegantomovetowardsBecky,makingacirclearoundher.Shewasclosetoatree,soshe

caughtalowerbranch（樹枝）quicklyandtriedtoclimbupthetree.Oneofthewolvescaughtherfoot.Luckily,she

wasabletopullherselfup,butherfootwasbadlyhurt.Sheshoutedforhelp,butnoonewasaround.Shethought

shewasgoingtodie.Suddenly,Rexappeared.

Therehewas,runningthroughtheforest,pullingthechair.ItwasnoteasyforRex,buthemadehiswayto

Beckyinthetree.Heattackedthewolves,soontheyranoff.

WhenBeckyandRexgothome,everyonewasshockedandhappythatRexhadsavedmysister.Helicked（舔）

herfaceasthedoctortreated（治療）herfoot.

Now,Rexismysister'sfavoritefriendintheworld.Thedoctortoldher,“Adogisaman'sbestfriend.^^My

sistersmiledandadded,tcAndagirl'sbestfiiend,too.”

31.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"that"inParagraph2referto（指的是）？

A.Adogbither.B.Rexwashuge.C.Rexfollowedheraround.D.HeruncleleftRexwiththem.

32.Therightorderofthefollowingstatementsis.

①Beckyshoutedforhelp

②Beckyclimbedupthetree

（3）BeckysawRexrunningtoher

④Beckywascircledbywolves

A.②①④③B.④②③①C.③④②①D.④②①③

33.Rexcouldbeatwolvesbecausehewantedto.

A.beaheroB.makeBeckyhappyC.protecthisownerD.getfoodfromwolves

34.WhydidBeckychangeherattitudetoRex?Because.

A.RexwaspoorB.RexsavedherlifeC.RexlickedherfaceD.Rexattackedthewolves

35.Accordingtothepassage,whatwillmostprobablyhappennext?

A.BeckywilloftenplaywithRex.B.Beckywillnevergototheforest.

C.BeckywouldlikeRexnottofollowher.D.BeckywillreturnRextoherunclehappily.

（2022?江蘇徐州?統考中考真題）Peterlovesbaseball.Lastsummer,hehelpedcoachaschoolbaseballteam.

Whenhefirstwatchedtheteamof12-year-oldsplaybaseball,hisfirstimpressionswerenotreallypositive.

Oneplayeroftenleftassoonastheystartedlosing.Anotherplayerpaidtoomuchattentiontoalltheir

mistakesduringthegame.Otherboyspreferredtodigupthegrasswhentheyweren'tintheplay.Alotofboys

threwtheirbaseballbatswhentheylostthecatch.

Whiletheirbaseballskillsimprovedovertimewithmorepractice,therewerestillproblemswiththeir

all-importantcharacter.Theteamhadalongwaytogo.Forexample,someboyswerehardonthosewhomade

mistakes.Insteadofbeingsupportiveorencouraging,theyblamed（責怪）eachother.

Peterstartedone-on-onetalkswitheachplayertodiscussthingsthathehadnoticed.Somewereaboutskills

likeholdingthebatuphigheroropeningtheireyeswhentheyweremakingacatch.Butmostwereaboutstaying

positiveandsupportingeachother.

Slowlythingsbegantochange.Theboysbegantotakethedutiesfortheirplayinsteadofblamingothersfor

mistakes.Theystayedoptimisticevenwhenlosing.Theteamculturewasimproving.

Playersbeganencouragingeachother,high-fivingandsupportingteammates.Peterwasespeciallypleasedto

seesomeoftheboystakingleadershiprolesandhavingtheirownone-on-onetalkswiththeirteammates.

Peterdoesn'tthinkhemadehugeprogressinteachingtheboyshowtothrow,