專題10議論文和說(shuō)明文

議論文

議論文又叫說(shuō)理文，是一種剖析事物、論述事理、發(fā)表意見、提出主張的文體。議論文應(yīng)該觀點(diǎn)明確、論

據(jù)充分、語(yǔ)言精煉、論證合理、有嚴(yán)密的邏輯性。議論文有三個(gè)要素：論點(diǎn)、論據(jù)和論證。

（2016?四川）某中學(xué)生英文報(bào)正舉辦"TheSeasonILikeBest"的征文活動(dòng)，請(qǐng)用英文寫一篇短文投稿，內(nèi)

容應(yīng)包括：

1.你最喜歡的季節(jié)；

2.你喜歡該季節(jié)的兩條理由（如：氣候、景色、活動(dòng)、感受……）。

注意：

1.詞數(shù)100左右;

2.題目已為你寫好；

3.行文連貫，語(yǔ)篇完整；

4.文中不得透露個(gè)人真實(shí)信息。

【思路點(diǎn)撥】

開頭二引入話題，表明觀點(diǎn)立場(chǎng)

議論文一［主體k點(diǎn)名觀點(diǎn)闡明理由或提出解決辦法

結(jié)尾-概括總結(jié)，得出結(jié)論

議論文（1）—正反觀點(diǎn)型

i.開頭：提出問(wèn)題；

2.主體：陳述不同的觀點(diǎn)及其理由；

3.結(jié)尾：說(shuō)明自己的觀點(diǎn)。

議論文（2）——利弊對(duì)比型

這種題型往往要求先說(shuō)明一下現(xiàn)狀，再對(duì)比事物本身的利弊，有時(shí)也會(huì)單從一個(gè)角度（利或弊）出發(fā)，最后往

往要求考生表明自己的態(tài)度（或?qū)κ挛锴熬疤岢鲱A(yù)測(cè)）。

I.說(shuō)明事物現(xiàn)狀；

2.事物本身的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)（或一方面）；

3.你對(duì)現(xiàn)狀（或前景）的看法。

議論文（3）——解決問(wèn)題型

第一段：引出現(xiàn)象，并指出這種現(xiàn)象的后果

第二段：提出解決的辦法

第三段：總結(jié)這樣做的好處

【寫作模板】

模板一不同觀點(diǎn)列舉型（選擇型）

Thereisawidespreadconcernovertheissuethat_作文題目.Butitiswellknownthattheopinion

concerningthishottopicvariesfrompersontoperson.Amajorityofpeoplethinkthat_觀點(diǎn)一.Intheir

viewsthereare2factorscontributingtothisattitudeasfollows:inthefirstplace,原因-'.Furthermore,

inthesecondplace,___原因二.Soitgoeswithoutsayingthat___觀點(diǎn)——.People,however,differin

theiropinionsonthismatter.Somepeopleholdtheideathat___觀點(diǎn)二.Intheirpointofview,ontheone

hand,___原因一.Ontheotherhand,原因二.Therefore,thereisnodoubtthat___觀點(diǎn)二

AsfarasIamconcerned,Ifinnlysupporttheviewthat_觀點(diǎn)一或二.Itisnotonlybecause

,butalsobecause.Themore,themore.

模板二利弊型議論文

Nowadays,thereisawidespreadconcernover(theissuethat)___作文題目.Infact,thereareboth

advantagesanddisadvantagesin_題目議題.Generallyspeaking,itiswidelybelievedthereareseveral

positiveaspectsasfollows.Firstly,___優(yōu)點(diǎn)——.Andsecondly___優(yōu)點(diǎn)二.

JustAsapopularsayinggoes,Heverycoinhastwosides**,_討論議題isnoexception,andinanother

word,itstillhasnegativeaspects.Tobeginwith,___缺點(diǎn)——.Inaddition,缺點(diǎn)二.

Tosumup,weshouldtrytobringtheadvantagesof_討論議題intofullplay,andreducethe

disadvantagestotheminimumatthesametime.Inthatcase,wewilldefinitelymakeabetteruseofthe討論

議題—.

模板三答辯型議論文

Currently,thereisawidespreadconcernover(theissuethat)_作文題目.Itisreallyanimportant

concerntoeveryoneofus.

Asaresult,wemustsparenoeffortstotakesomemeasurestosolvethisproblem.Asweknowthatthereare

manystepswhichcanbetakentoundothisproblem.Firstofall,_途徑一.Inaddition,anotherway

contributingtosuccessofthesolvingproblemis___途徑二.

Aboveall,tosolvetheproblemof__作文題目,weshouldfindanumberofvariousways.Butasfar

asIamconcerned,Iwouldprefertosolvetheprobleminthisway,thatistosay,方法.

模板四諺語(yǔ)警句型議論文

Itiswellknowtousthattheproverb:“諺語(yǔ)"hasaprofoundsignificanceandvaluenotonlyin

ourjobbutalsoinourstudy.Itmeans諺語(yǔ)的含義.Thesayingcanbeillustratedthroughaseriesof

examplesasfollows.(alsotheoretically)Acaseinpointis___例子一.Therefore,itisgoeswithoutsaying

thatitisofgreatofimportancetopracticetheproverb諺語(yǔ).

WiththerapiddevelopmentofscienceandtechnologyinChina,anincreasingnumberofpeoplecometo

realizethatitisalsoofpracticalusetosticktothesaying:諺語(yǔ).Themoreweareawareofthe

significanceofthisfamoussaying,themorebenefitswewillgetinourdailystudyandjob.

【萬(wàn)能句式】

1）開頭句:

Itgoeswithoutsayingthat...不言而喻

Itcanbesaidwithcertaintythat…可以肯定地說(shuō)

Astheproverbsays,...正如諺語(yǔ)所說(shuō)

Ithastobenoticedthat...

It*sgenerallyrecognisedthat…人們普遍認(rèn)為

It*slikelythat…很可能

It*shardly...that.........并不...

Ifshardlytoomuchtosaythat...毫不夸張地說(shuō)

2）銜接句：

Acaseinpointis…一個(gè)典型的例子是...

Asisoftenthecase,...情況經(jīng)常是…

Asstatedinthepreviousparagraph,...如前段所述，...

Buttheproblemisnotsosimple.Therefore,weshouldtakemoredetailsintoconsideration.

Butit'spitythat...

Inspiteofthefactthat...

Further,weholdtheopinionthat…止匕夕卜，我們認(rèn)為...

However,thedifficultyliesin...

Whatcallsforspecialattentionisthat...

Similarly,weshouldpayattentiontothisfromtheverybeginning.

3）引出觀點(diǎn)句：

Thereareseveralreasonsfor…，butingeneral,theycomedowntothreemajorones.

Therearemanyfactorsthatmayaccountforbutthefollowingarethemosttypicalones.

Manywayscancontributetosolvingthisproblem,butthefollowingonesmaybemosteffective.

Generally,theadvantagescanbelistedasfollows.

Thereasonsareasfollows.

4）結(jié)尾句：

Iwillconcludebysayingthat…最后我要說(shuō)

Icanreachaconclusionthat...

Therefore,wehavethereasontobelievethat…我們有理由相信

Allthingsconsidered,itmaybesafelysaidthat…可以有把握地說(shuō)

Therefore,inmyopinion,it*smoreadvisibleforustodo…更可取的是

Fromwhathasbeendiscussedabove,wemaysafelydrawtheconclusionthat...

Thefigures/statisticsleadustotheconclusionthat...

Itcanbeconcludedfromthediscussionthat...

Frommypointofview,itwouldbebetterif...

Toacertain/someextent,...

5)靈活句式：

sb.cannotemphasizetheimportanceif...toomuch

Thereisnoneedforsb.todosth.

Onnoaccountcanwedosth.

Whatwillhappentosb.if...?

Forthepast+一段時(shí)間，sb.have(donesth./beendoingsth.)

Itpaystodosth.做…是值得的

sth.iscloselyrelatedto.........與…息息、相關(guān)

doone*sutmosttodo=sparenoefforttodo

sth.haveagreatinfluenceonsb.

Nothingcanpreventusfromdoing

Upondoingsth,...一…就...

Hardlyhadsb.donesth.whensb.did

Nosoonerhadsb.donesth.thansb.did

Onlythencould…直到那時(shí)

Nothingismore...thantodosth.

Thereisnodenyingthat...

Thereisnodoubtthat...

Itisuniversallyacknowledgedthat...

Asisknowntous,...

Itisnowonderthat...

Nowonderthat...

So+adj.besb./sth.that...如此...以至于...

adj.assb./sth.be,...雖然...但是...

The+比較級(jí),the+比較級(jí)

It'stime+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式

It'stimeforsth.

It'stimeforsb.todosth.

（24-25高三上?江蘇南通?開學(xué)考試）現(xiàn)在人工智能越來(lái)越影響我們?nèi)粘Ｉ钪械姆椒矫婷妗Ｕ?qǐng)圍繞這一話

題寫一篇文章。

應(yīng)包含以下要點(diǎn)：

I.人工智能帶來(lái)的便利，例如在交通、家電和通信方面。

2.它可能引發(fā)的潛在問(wèn)題或挑戰(zhàn)，如工作崗位被取代和隱私擔(dān)憂。

3.您對(duì)于如何充分利用人工智能并避免其負(fù)面影響的觀點(diǎn)。

4.80詞左右。

說(shuō)明文

說(shuō)明文是以說(shuō)明為主要表達(dá)方式的一種文體，主要用于介紹事物、說(shuō)明事理等。高考中，說(shuō)明文常見的話

題有：產(chǎn)品介紹、地點(diǎn)描述、方位描寫、變化分析、購(gòu)物指南和操作說(shuō)明等。

真題一【2018?全國(guó)I】

假定你是李華，你的新西蘭朋友Terry將去中國(guó)朋友家做客，發(fā)郵件向你詢問(wèn)有關(guān)習(xí)俗。請(qǐng)你回復(fù)郵件,

內(nèi)容包括:

1.到達(dá)時(shí)間；2.合適的禮物；3.餐桌禮儀。

注意:

1.詞數(shù)100左右;

2.可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。

真題二【2018年新課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷HI】

假定你是李華，你的英國(guó)朋友Peter來(lái)信詢問(wèn)你校學(xué)生體育運(yùn)動(dòng)情況。請(qǐng)給他回信，內(nèi)容包括:

1.學(xué)校的體育場(chǎng)館；

2.主要的運(yùn)動(dòng)項(xiàng)目；

3.你喜歡的項(xiàng)目。

注意：1.詞數(shù)100左右：

2,可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。

寫說(shuō)明文宜采用三段式：第一段主要介紹要說(shuō)明的對(duì)象及說(shuō)明的目的；第二段說(shuō)明事物的主要特征或做事

情的方法步驟；第三段進(jìn)行總結(jié)概括。時(shí)態(tài)通常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。

末段：個(gè)人感受及說(shuō)明對(duì)象的意義

影響

模板01

介紹事物型說(shuō)明文模板

Topic

①isamosteffectiveto.②Formostpeople,ifsalmostimpossibleto.

(3)isreally.?Withthefunctionsof,itenablesusto.⑤Itcaneven.

@Justimagine,allthiscanbedonewith.?Aconvenienttoolcancertainlymake,butit

doesn'talwayshelp.⑧Toomuch.@Toomany.?Relyingtoomuchon

makes.

①點(diǎn)明要介紹的事物的必要性②介紹該事物對(duì)多數(shù)人的重要意義③該事物優(yōu)勢(shì)或顯著特點(diǎn)④該事物

的作用⑤進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明該事物的作用⑥說(shuō)明該事物的重要性⑦承上啟下，介紹事物的另一方面⑧該事

物的負(fù)面影響一⑨該事物的負(fù)面影響二⑩總結(jié)說(shuō)明過(guò)分使用該物品給我們帶來(lái)的負(fù)面影響。

模板02

說(shuō)明原因型說(shuō)明文模板

Nowadays,therearemoreandmoreinsomebigcities.Itisestimatedthat.（用具體

數(shù)據(jù)說(shuō)明某現(xiàn)象）

Whyhavetherebeensomany?Maybethereasonscanbelistedasfollows.Thefirstreasonis

that.（原因一）Besides,.（原因二）Thethirdreason

is.（原因三）Tosumup,themaincauseofisdueto.（指出主要原

因）

Itishightimethatsomethingshouldbedone.Foronething,.（解決建議——）

Foranotherthing,.Allthesemeasureswillcertainly.（解決建議二）

模板03

描述事物型說(shuō)明文模板

WhatIhaveknownaboutisthat.（具體描述某事物）

Firstly,.（描述要點(diǎn)一）.（具體闡述要點(diǎn)一）

Secondly,.（描述要點(diǎn)二）（具體闡述要點(diǎn)二）.Asacollege

student,.（結(jié)合自身描述要點(diǎn)三）

Allinall,.（做出總結(jié)）Therefore,weshould.（提出建議）

模板04

問(wèn)題解決型說(shuō)明文模板

Inrecentdays,therehasbeenaproblem,whichisbecomingmoreandmoreserious.（說(shuō)明問(wèn)題及其現(xiàn)狀）

First,.Second,.（進(jìn)一步闡釋現(xiàn)狀）

Weshouldtakeaseriesofeffectivemeasurestocopewiththesituation.Foronething,.Foranother

thing,.Finally,.（列舉解決該問(wèn)題的方法）

Personally,Ibelievethat/Consequently,I'mconfidentthatabrightfutureisawaitingusbecause

.（結(jié)尾段，指出"我”的信心及理由）

模板05

地點(diǎn)介紹型說(shuō)明文模板

地理位置:__，thelargest___inourcountry,lies___,with___onthenorthand___surroundingitssouthwest.To

thewestofthe___.

面積人口資源：—_hasanareaofabout___squarekilo-metersandapopulationofover___.It*srichinnatural

resources,forexample,bananas,rice,teaandsoon,arefamousbothathomeandabroad.Thesceneryissobeautiful

andtheclimateissopleasantthattravelersallovertheworldgoinacontinuousstreamforavisit.

必備句型今昔變化對(duì)比

1.Myhometownusedtobeabeautifulplace,withthigtreesandgreengrasseverywhere.

2.ItisthebestplacethatIhaveevervisited.

3.Inthepast,childrencouldn'tgotoschoolbecauseofpoverty(貧窮).

4.Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinthepastten(few)years.

5.Ourhometownhastakenonanewlook.

6.Ourvillageisnotwhatitusedtobe.

7.Thicktreesandgreengrasscanbeseeneverywhere.

8.NowtheChinesefamilyhaschangedagreatdeal.

9.1tisknowntousallthatthelivingstandardoftheChinesepeoplehasgreatlyimproved.

lO.Nowadays,tallbuildingshavetakentheplaceofoldsheds.

11.Nowourschooliscoveredwithgreengrassandfreshflowers,whichmakesthewholeschoolagoodplaceto

studyin.

地域地貌

1.Chinaisalargecountrywithalonghistoryandmuchpopulation.

2.Zhengzhou,thecapitalofHenanProvince,liesinthemiddleofChina.

3.Ithasanareaof160,000squarekilometerswithapopulationofover90million.

4.1tisrichinnaturalresourcessuchascoalandgold.

5.Theweatherisneithertoocoldinwinternortoohotinsummer.

方位指路、圖表說(shuō)明

l.Ourschoolislocatedatthefootofagreenhill.

2.Inthefrontoftheschoolisabeautifulgardenwithalibraryonitsleftandalaboratoryonitsright.

3.Behindthegardenistheclassroombuilding.

4.Atthebackoftheschoolarethestudents*dormitoryandthedining-hall,infrontofwhichliesthelargesports

field.

5.TheteachefsdormitorystandsbetweenAandB.

6.1tisnotverydifficulttofindyourwayfromtheFriendshipHoteltothestation.

7.Whenyougetoutofthehotel,turnleftandwalkdownthestreetuntilyouseethetrafficlights.

8.Tumrightatthethirdcrossing/tuming,andyouwillseeapostofficeatthecomer.Themuseumisnext/opposite

toit.

9.Gostraightaheaduntilyougettotheendofthestreet,

lO.Pleasegetacrossthebridgeandgoeastward.

1l.No.25Buswilltakeyourightthere.

12.Itwilltakeyouabout10minutestogetthere.

13.1t*sabout10minutes*walk/ridefromhere.

14.Ascanbeseenfromthechart,...

15.Fromthechart/picture/tablewecansee...thattheworldpopulationisincreasingrapidly.

介紹節(jié)日精彩句型：

1.LastSundaywecelebrated...with....intheschoolhall,duringwhichwehadawonderfultime.

2.Yesterdayweorganizedawelcomepartyforthenewexchangestudents.

3.Weinvited...toattendthepartywithus,whichwasheldin...

4.Wespentahappyafternoon/nightwith...and...

5.Wehadagreattimetogetherandwedidn*tgobackhomeuntil...

6.Wefelthappytohavedonesomethingfortheoldandwemadeitaruleto...

7.ThisisthefirsttimethatIhaveenjoyedaMid-AutumnFestivalwithmyclassmates.

8.Howinterestingthe..Festivalis!

介紹運(yùn)動(dòng)音樂(lè)精彩句型：

1.Atyourrequest,I'dliketotellyousomethingaboutmyfavourite...

2.Pmwritingtoreplytothequestionsyoumentionedinyourlastletter.

3.Whatimpressedmemostis...

4.He/Sheisregarded/consideredasoneofthemost...

5.OneofthereasonsIlike...isthat...

6.Toachievemydreamofbecoming...,Ipractise...asmuchaspossibleandsometimesL.

7.Pleasewriteandtellmeaboutyourfavorite...andIhope...

8.1believemydreamofbecoming...willcometrueaslongasI...

9.Ofallthesports,Ilikebasketball/football....bestbecauseIwanttobe...whenIgrowup.

10.PmgladtohearfromyouandPmwritingtotellyoumyfavoritesport.

11.1like...bestandIhaveadreamofbecomingaprofessional....inthenearfuture.

12.Becomingthechampionof...attheOlympicshaslongbeenmydream.

13.Whafsyourfavoritesport?Pleasewritetoshareitwithme.

14.1believeIcanmakemydreamcometrueaslongasIcontinuepracticinghard.

15.1thinkIcanachievemydreamofbecoming...inthefuture.

16.1wanttobecomeatowinhonorforourcountryattheOlympicGames.

17.Tomakemydreamcometrue,Iwillpracticehardandnevergiveup.

介紹書籍雜志精彩句型：

1.Therearethousandsofkindsofnewspapers/magazinesintheworld,amongwhichIlike...most.

2.Itisadaily/weekly/monthly...newspaper/magazine,whosepurpose/aimisto...

3.Asthesayinggoes,Toopenabookisalwaysbeneficial.n

4.Fdliketorecommendittothosewhohavedifficulty/troublein...

5.Itisa(n)internationalnewspaper,whichhasanaveragedailycirculationof..

6.Itisoneofthebest-sellingmagazines,coveringfitness,nutritiontravel,technology,fashionandfinance.

7.WiththerapiddevelopmentoftheInternet,anincreasingnumberofpublishersbegintolaunchonlinemagazines

,alsocallede-zines,tofitthetimes.

8.1havebeenreadingthisnewspaper/magazineeversine...Ithinkitisofgreathelptome.

旅游指導(dǎo)精彩句型：

1.Welcometoourscenicspotandwe*dlikeyoutopayattentiontosomesafetyregulations.

2.Tomakeourtouristspotmorepopular,we'vedecidedto...

3.Childrenarenotallowedtoenter/use....unlesstheyareaccompaniedbyadults.

4.Besides,thosewhosufferfromheartdiseasearealsoforbiddento...

5.Doremembertheopeningtimeisfrom8amto6pm.

6.Ifyouhaveanyfurtherquestions,pleasecallusat..

7.Webelieveourscenicspotwillleaveadeepimpressiononyou.

8.Wehopethatyouwillhaveagoodtime/enjoyyourself/getgreatpleasurehere!

（24-25高三上?江蘇南通?開學(xué)考試）現(xiàn)在人工智能越來(lái)越影響我們?nèi)粘Ｉ钪械姆椒矫婷妗Ｕ?qǐng)圍繞這一話

題寫一篇文章。

應(yīng)包含以下要點(diǎn)：

I.人工智能帶來(lái)的便利，例如在交通、家電和通信方面。

2.它可能引發(fā)的潛在問(wèn)題或挑戰(zhàn)，如工作崗位被取代和隱私擔(dān)憂。

3.您對(duì)于如何充分利用人工智能并避免其負(fù)面影響的觀點(diǎn)。

4.80詞左右。

Writing1

（24-25高三上?安徽?開學(xué)考試）假如你是李華，你班上周就“學(xué)生是否有必要購(gòu)買品牌服飾”的話題展開了

激烈的討論。請(qǐng)你根據(jù)以下提示，用英語(yǔ)寫一篇短文介紹討論結(jié)果并發(fā)表個(gè)人觀點(diǎn)。

I.支持的觀點(diǎn)；

2.反對(duì)的觀點(diǎn)；

3.你的觀點(diǎn)。

注意：

1.寫作詞數(shù)應(yīng)為80左右；

2.首句已給出，但不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)；

3.請(qǐng)按如下格式在答題紙的相應(yīng)位置作答。

Lastweek,ourclassheldaheateddiscussiononwhetherstudentsshouldbuybrandedclothing.

Writing2

(2024?四川成都?模擬預(yù)測(cè))目前越來(lái)越多的人使用移動(dòng)支付(mobilepayment),移動(dòng)支付改變了人們的生活。

請(qǐng)根據(jù)以下要點(diǎn)寫一篇短文：

1.移動(dòng)支付的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)；

2.你的看法。

注意：1.詞數(shù)100左右；2.可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。

參考詞匯：微信WeChat支