2025年小學英語畢業考試模擬卷（詞匯拓展運用）天文詞匯試題考試時間：______分鐘總分：______分姓名：______一、單項選擇要求：從每小題的四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳答案。1.Themoonistheonlynaturalsatellitethatorbits__________Earth.A.aroundB.aboveC.onD.to2.Whenthesunis__________,itappearsmuchsmalleranddimmer.A.risingB.settingC.shiningD.shining3.TheMilkyWayisa__________galaxythatcanbeseenfromEarthonaclearnight.A.largeB.smallC.distantD.close4.The__________isthepointwherethesun'sraysstriketheEarthmostdirectly.A.equatorB.polesC.tropicsD.hemisphere5.A__________isasmall,roundobjectthatorbitsaplanet.A.moonB.asteroidC.cometD.meteor6.The__________istheperiodoftimeittakesfortheEarthtocompleteoneorbitaroundthesun.A.dayB.monthC.yearD.week7.The__________isthepointwheretheEarth'saxisistiltedtowardsthesun.A.equinoxB.solsticeC.meridianD.nadir8.A__________isacelestialbodythatrevolvesaroundastar.A.planetB.asteroidC.moonD.satellite9.The__________isthetimewhenthesunisdirectlyoverheadatnoon.A.equatorB.tropicsC.solsticeD.meridian10.The__________isthetimewhenthesunisatitshighestpointinthesky.A.zenithB.nadirC.meridianD.tropics二、完形填空要求：從每小題的四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳答案。Onceuponatime,therewasayoungboynamedJack.Heloved__________thestarsandlearningaboutspace.Oneday,Jack'steachertooktheclassonafieldtriptotheobservatory.Thestudentswereallveryexcitedtoseethestarsupclose.Whentheyarrived,the__________pointedoutthedifferentconstellationstothestudents.Jackwasamazedbythe__________hecouldseewiththetelescope.He__________aboutthesolarsystemandhowtheplanetsmovearoundthesun.Afterthetour,Jackandhisfriendswenttothegiftshop.Theyeachboughtabookaboutspace.Jack__________toreadaboutthe__________andothercelestialbodies.He__________tolearnmoreabouttheuniverse.1.A.lookingB.seeC.watchD.observe2.A.teacherB.studentC.observerD.guide3.A.fewB.manyC.littleD.much4.A.telescopeB.bookC.starD.galaxy5.A.askedB.wantedC.neededD.tried6.A.spaceB.universeC.EarthD.moon7.A.wantedB.neededC.wantedD.tried8.A.starsB.planetsC.galaxiesD.sun9.A.wentB.cameC.wentD.came10.A.wentB.cameC.wentD.came三、閱讀理解要求：根據短文內容，從每小題的四個選項中選出最佳答案。TheInternationalSpaceStation(ISS)isaresearchlaboratorythatorbitstheEarth.Itisajointprojectbetweenfivespaceagencies:NASA(UnitedStates),Roscosmos(Russia),ESA(Europe),JAXA(Japan),andCNSA(China).TheISSisaboutthesizeofafootballfieldandweighsabout400tons.Itisthelargestartificialobjectinorbit.Thestationisusedforscientificresearch,technologydevelopment,andtotestnewequipmentandtechniquesforfuturespacemissions.TheISSisinhabitedbyastronautsfromdifferentcountries.Theyliveandworkonthestationforseveralmonthsatatime.Theastronautsconductexperimentsinvariousfields,includingbiology,physics,andEarthobservation.OneofthemostimportantexperimentsontheISSisstudyingtheeffectsofmicrogravityonthehumanbody.Microgravityistheconditionofweightlessnessthatoccurswhenanobjectisinorbitaroundaplanet.TheastronautsontheISSexperiencemicrogravitybecausetheyareconstantlyfallingtowardstheEarth,buttheyaremovingsofastthattheyneverhittheground.Anotherimportantexperimentisstudyinghowplantsgrowinspace.Thisresearchcanhelpusunderstandhowtogrowfoodforlong-durationspacemissionsandhowtomaintainasustainableenvironmentonEarth.1.TheISSisajointprojectbetween__________spaceagencies.A.twoB.threeC.fourD.five2.TheISSisaboutthesizeof__________.A.abasketballcourtB.afootballfieldC.abaseballfieldD.asoccerfield3.TheastronautsontheISSexperience__________.A.gravityB.microgravityC.normalgravityD.noneoftheabove4.OneoftheimportantexperimentsontheISSisstudyingtheeffectsof__________onthehumanbody.A.gravityB.microgravityC.weightlessnessD.noneoftheabove5.Theresearchonplantgrowthinspacecanhelpusunderstandhowto__________.A.growfoodforlong-durationspacemissionsB.maintainasustainableenvironmentonEarthC.bothAandBD.noneoftheabove四、多項選擇要求：從每小題的四個選項中選出所有正確的答案。11.Thefollowingarecelestialbodiesthatcanbeseeninthenightsky:A.starsB.planetsC.cometsD.asteroidsE.meteors12.TheEarth'sseasonsarecausedby:A.thetiltoftheEarth'saxisB.thedistancebetweentheEarthandthesunC.therotationoftheEarthD.therevolutionoftheEarthE.themoon'sgravitationalpull13.Thesolarsystemconsistsof:A.thesunB.planetsC.moonsD.asteroidsE.comets14.Thefollowingaretypesofeclipses:A.solareclipseB.lunareclipseC.partialeclipseD.totaleclipseE.annulareclipse15.Thephasesofthemooninclude:A.newmoonB.firstquarterC.fullmoonD.lastquarterE.crescent五、簡答題要求：根據所學知識，簡要回答下列問題。16.Whatisthedifferencebetweenaplanetandastar?17.Describetheprocessofasolareclipse.18.ExplainthesignificanceoftheInternationalSpaceStation(ISS).19.HowdoestheEarth'stiltaffecttheseasons?20.Whatisthedifferencebetweenameteorandameteorite?六、應用題要求：根據所學知識，完成下列應用題。21.TheEarthorbitsthesuninapproximately365.25days.CalculatetheaveragespeedoftheEarthinkilometersperhour.22.ThemoonorbitstheEarthapproximatelyevery27.3days.Ifthemoon'saveragedistancefromtheEarthis384,400kilometers,calculatethecircumferenceofthemoon'sorbit.23.Thesun'sradiusisapproximately696,340kilometers.TheaveragedistancefromtheEarthtothesunisabout150millionkilometers.Calculatetheratioofthesun'sradiustothedistancefromtheEarthtothesun.24.AsolareclipseoccurswhenthemoonpassesbetweentheEarthandthesun.Ifthemoon'sdiameterisapproximately3,474kilometersandtheEarth'sdiameterisapproximately12,742kilometers,calculatetheratioofthemoon'sdiametertotheEarth'sdiameter.25.TheInternationalSpaceStation(ISS)orbitstheEarthatanaltitudeofapproximately400kilometers.IftheradiusoftheEarthisapproximately6,371kilometers,calculatethedistancefromthecenteroftheEarthtotheISS.本次試卷答案如下：一、單項選擇1.A.around解析：ThemoonorbitstheEarth,soitisthecorrectprepositiontouseinthiscontext.2.B.setting解析：Whenthesunissetting,itappearssmalleranddimmerduetotheEarth'satmospherebendingthesunlight.3.A.large解析：TheMilkyWayisaverylargegalaxy,sotheword"large"isthemostappropriatechoice.4.A.equator解析：Theequatoristhepointwherethesun'sraysstriketheEarthmostdirectlyduetotheEarth'stilt.5.B.asteroid解析：Anasteroidisasmall,roundobjectthatorbitsaplanet,makingitthecorrectchoicehere.6.C.year解析：TheyearistheperiodoftimeittakesfortheEarthtocompleteoneorbitaroundthesun.7.B.solstice解析：ThesolsticeisthetimewhentheEarth'saxisistiltedtowardsthesun,causingthelongestorshortestdayoftheyear.8.A.planet解析：Aplanetisacelestialbodythatrevolvesaroundastar,makingitthecorrectchoicehere.9.D.zenith解析：Thezenithisthepointwherethesunisatitshighestpointinthesky.10.A.zenith解析：Thezenithisthepointwherethesunisatitshighestpointinthesky,whichisthesameasquestion9.二、完形填空11.B.student解析：Thesentenceisaboutthestudentsonafieldtrip,so"student"isthecorrectchoice.12.D.guide解析：Theteacherispointingouttheconstellations,so"guide"isthecorrectchoice.13.D.much解析：Thesentenceimpliesthatthereisalottosee,so"much"isthecorrectchoice.14.A.telescope解析：Thesentenceisaboutseeingthestarsupclose,whichistypicallydonewithatelescope.15.C.wanted解析：Thestudentswanttoreadaboutthestarsandcelestialbodies,so"wanted"isthecorrectchoice.16.B.needed解析：Thesentenceisaboutneedingtolearnmoreabouttheuniverse,so"needed"isthecorrectchoice.17.C.stars解析：Thesentenceisaboutreadingaboutthestarsandcelestialbodies,so"stars"isthecorrectchoice.三、閱讀理解18.D.five解析：TheISSisajointprojectbetweenfivespaceagencies,asmentionedinthefirstsentenceofthepassage.19.A.gravity解析：TheEarth'sseasonsarecausedbythetiltoftheEarth'saxis,whichaffectstheangleandintensityofsunlightreceivedatdifferenttimesoftheyear.20.B.planets解析：Thesolarsystemconsistsofthesun,planets,moons,asteroids,andcomets,asstatedinthesecondsentenceofthepassage.21.B.partialeclipse解析：Thepassagementionsthetypesofeclipses,includingapartialeclipse,whichiswhenpartofthesunisblockedbythemoon.22.A.newmoon解析：Thephasesofthemoonincludenewmoon,firstquarter,fullmoon,lastquarter,andcrescent,aslistedinthepassage.四、多項選擇11.A.starsB.planetsC.cometsD.asteroidsE.meteors解析：Allofthesecelestialbodiescanbeseeninthenightsky,makingthemallcorrectchoices.12.A.thetiltoftheEarth'saxisB.thedistancebetweentheEarthandthesunC.therotationoftheEarthD.therevolutionoftheEarthE.themoon'sgravitationalpull解析：TheEarth'sseasonsarecausedbythetiltoftheEarth'saxisandtherevolutionoftheEartharoundthesun,makingbothAandDcorrect.13.A.thesunB.planetsC.moonsD.asteroidsE.comets解析：Thesolarsystemconsistsofthesun,planets,moons,asteroids,andcomets,makingallchoicescorrect.14.A.solareclipseB.lunareclipseC.partialeclipseD.totaleclipseE.annulareclipse解析：Allofthesearetypesofeclipsesmentionedinthepassage,makingthemallcorrectchoices.15.A.newmoonB.firstquarterC.fullmoonD.lastquarterE.crescent解析：Thephasesofthemoonarelistedinthepassage,makingallchoicescorrect.五、簡答題16.Thedifferencebetweenaplanetandastaristhataplanetisacelestialbodythatorbitsastaranddoesnotproduceitsownlight,whileastarisaluminoussphereofplasmaheldtogetherbyitsowngravity,emittinglightandheat.17.AsolareclipseoccurswhenthemoonpassesbetweentheEarthandthesun,blockingthesunlightfromreachingEarth.Thetypeofsolareclipsedependsonwhetherthemooncompletelycoversthesun(totaleclipse),partiallycoversthesun(partialeclipse),orappearsasaringaroundthemoon(annulareclipse).18.TheInternationalSpaceStation(ISS)issignificantbecauseitservesasaresearchlaboratoryforscientificexperiments,technologydevelopment,andtestingnewequipmentandtechniquesforfuturespacemissions.Italsopromotesinternationalcooperationinspaceexplorationandprovidesaplatformforstudyingtheeffectsofmicrogravityonhumans.19.TheEarth'stiltaffectstheseasonsbycausingtheangleandintensityofsunlighttovaryatdifferenttimesoftheyear.WhentheEarth'saxisistiltedtowardsthesun,thehemispheretiltedtowardsthesunexperiencessummer,whilethehemispheretiltedawayexperienceswinter.Thereverseoccursduringtheotherhalfoftheyear.20.ThedifferencebetweenameteorandameteoriteisthatameteorisastreakoflightproducedwhenasmallpieceofspacedebrisburnsupintheEarth'satmosphere,whileameteoriteistheremainingsolidpartofameteorthatsurvivesthejourneythroughtheatmosphereandlandsontheEarth'ssurface.六、應用題21.TocalculatetheaveragespeedoftheEarthinkilometersperhour,weneedtodividethedistanceittravels(thecircumferenceofitsorbitaroundthesun)bythetimeittakestocompleteoneorbit.Thecir