專題03閱讀理解(說明文)(二)高頻話題06人與自然—人與動植物Passage1[2025廣東省三校高三下學(xué)期2月第一次模擬考試一模]Thewoollymammothisoneofthemosticonicanimalsoftheprehistoricera,yetitremainsshroudedinmystery.Oftendepictedasslow,clumsy,andillsuitedtoitsenvironment,anewwaveofresearchischallengingtheselongheldassumptions.Thewoollymammoth,amassiveherbivorewithlong,curvedtusks,roamedtheicylandscapesofEurasiaandNorthAmericaduringtheIceAge.Thesecolossalcreaturesstoodupto11feettallandweighedasmuchas6tons,makingthemlargerthanmodernelephants.Theysubsistedonadietofgrasses,shrubs,andothervegetation,usingtheirtuskstodigthroughsnowandicetoreachfood.Duetothescarcityofwellpreservedmammothremains,scientistshavehadlimitedopportunitiestostudytheseancientbeasts.However,recentadvancementsinpaleontologyandgeneticshaveallowedresearcherstopiecetogetheramoreaccuratepictureoftheirlives.ByanalyzingancientDNAandfossilizedfootprints,scientistshavediscoveredthatwoollymammothswerefarmoreagileandadaptablethanpreviouslythought.Oneofthemostsignificantfindingsisthatwoollymammothshadstrong,flexibletendonsintheirlegs,whichenabledthemtomoveswiftlyacrossthefrozenterrain.Fossilevidencealsosuggeststhattheylivedinplexsocialgroups,similartomodernelephants,andhadhighlydevelopedsurvivalstrategiestoenduretheharshIceAgeconditions.Woollymammothswentextinctaround4,000yearsago,likelyduetoabinationofclimatechangeandhumanhunting.However,theirextinctionwasnotduetoalackofintelligenceoradaptability.Infact,recentstudiesindicatethattheywerehighlyintelligentanimalswithstrongproblemsolvingabilities.Theongoingresearchintowoollymammothsispartofabroaderefforttounderstandtheecologyandbehaviorofextinctspecies.?“Weareonthebrinkofuncoveringthetruenatureofthesemagnificentcreatures,”saidDr.ElenaIvanova,aleadingpaleontologist.?“Thewoollymammothwasnotjustarelicofthepast,butahighlyevolvedandresilientanimalthatthrivedforthousandsofyears.”Asscientistscontinuetounravelthemysteriesofthewoollymammoth,wearegainingadeeperappreciationforthisancientgiantanditsplaceinthehistoryofourplanet.1.Whatwasthetraditionalviewofthewoollymammoth?A.Itwasaslow,clumsy,andillsuitedanimaltoitsenvironment.B.Itwashighlyintelligentandadaptable.C.Itwassmallerthanmodernelephants.D.Itwasasolitaryanimalwithnosocialstructure.2.Howhaveresearchersgainednewinsightsintothewoollymammoth?A.Bystudyingwellpreservedmammothremainsfoundinlargequantities.B.ByanalyzingancientDNAandfossilizedfootprints.C.Byobservingthebehaviorofmodernelephants.D.Byusingputersimulationstomodeltheirbehavior.3.Whatcanbeinferredaboutthewoollymammoth’sextinctionfromthearticle?A.Itwasprimarilyduetoitsinabilitytoadapttochangingclimates.B.Itwasaresultofbothclimatechangeandhumanhunting.C.Itwascausedbyasuddenandcatastrophicevent.D.Itwasmainlyduetopetitionwithotherprehistoricanimals.4.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase?“onthebrinkofuncovering”meaninthecontextofthearticle?A.Justbeginningtounderstand.B.Almostpletelysolved.C.Facingamajorchallenge.D.Reachingacriticalpoint.【答案】1.A2.B3.B4.A【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了史前動物猛犸象，挑戰(zhàn)了人們對它的傳統(tǒng)看法，講述了研究新發(fā)現(xiàn)，還提及了其滅絕原因及研究意義。1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Oftendepictedasslow,clumsy,andillsuitedtoitsenvironment,anewwaveofresearchischallengingtheselongheldassumptions.(猛犸象經(jīng)常被描繪成行動遲緩、笨拙且不適應(yīng)環(huán)境的動物，而新一輪的研究正在挑戰(zhàn)這些長期以來的假設(shè))”可知，傳統(tǒng)觀點認(rèn)為猛犸象是行動緩慢、笨拙且不適應(yīng)環(huán)境的動物。故選A項。2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“However,recentadvancementsinpaleontologyandgeneticshaveallowedresearcherstopiecetogetheramoreaccuratepictureoftheirlives.ByanalyzingancientDNAandfossilizedfootprints,scientistshavediscoveredthatwoollymammothswerefarmoreagileandadaptablethanpreviouslythought.(然而，古生物學(xué)和遺傳學(xué)的最新進展讓研究人員能夠更準(zhǔn)確地拼湊出它們的生活畫面。通過分析古代DNA和化石腳印，科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)猛犸象比以前認(rèn)為的要敏捷和適應(yīng)能力強得多)”可知，研究人員通過分析古代DNA和化石腳印獲得了關(guān)于猛犸象的新見解。故選B項。3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段中“Woollymammothswentextinctaround4,000yearsago,likelyduetoabinationofclimatechangeandhumanhunting.(猛犸象大約在4000年前滅絕，可能是氣候變化和人類狩獵共同作用的結(jié)果)”可知，猛犸象的滅絕是氣候變化和人類狩獵共同導(dǎo)致的。故選B項。4.詞句猜測題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Theongoingresearchintowoollymammothsispartofabroaderefforttounderstandtheecologyandbehaviorofextinctspecies.(正在進行的對長毛猛犸象的研究是了解滅絕物種的生態(tài)和行為的更廣泛努力的一部分)”和劃線詞后“...thetruenatureofthesemagnificentcreatures(……這些偉大生物的真實本性)”可知，對長毛猛犸象的研究正在進行中，所以我們才剛剛開始了解它的真實本性，故劃線詞“onthebrinkofuncovering”的意思是“剛開始去了解”，與“Justbeginningtounderstand”意思一致。故選A項。Passage2[2025江西省部分學(xué)校高三下學(xué)期2月一模考試]Toavoidhumans,mountainlionsintheGreaterLosAngelesareaarechangingtheiractivitypatterns.Thebigcatslivingnearareaswherehumanshike,runandcyclearebeingincreasinglymorenocturnal(夜行的).ThefindingsaredetailedinastudypublishedinthejournalBiologicalConservation.“Peopleareincreasinglyenjoyingrecreatinginnature,whichisfantastic,”studycoauthorEllieBolassaidinastatement.“Thisflexibilityweseeinmountainlionactivityiswhatallowsustosharethesenaturalareastogether.”Mountainlionsaretopcarnivorouspredators(食肉捕食者)thateatawidevarietyofmeatincludingdeer,wildpigsandrabbits.Whilemountainlionsrarelyattackhumans,theycanstillbedangeroustohikers,runners,orcyclistswhospendtimeintheirhabitats.ThemountainlionsintheGreaterLosAngelesareafacenumerouschallenges—busyroadwayswherethey’reoftenhitbycars,thethreatofwildfires,harmfulchemicalsanddisturbedhabitats.Generally,mountainlionsprefertoavoidhumansaltogether.Butinanurbanareahometomorethan18millionpeople,thenaturalspotswheremountainlionslivearealsoheavilyusedbyrecreationists.“Theseresultsarereallyimportantinthattheyshowhowhumansmaybeaffectingwildlifeinlessobviouswaysthankillingthemwithvehicles,”SethRiley,astudycoauthor,saidinastatement.“Thestudyalsocontinuestodrivehometheamazingfactthatapopulationoflargefieldpredatorswandersinoneofthelargesturbanareasintheworld.Thatwouldnotbepossibleifmountainlionsweren’tabletoadjusttohumanactivity.”However,it’snotonlyuptothemountainlions.Peoplehavearoleinhelpingprotectthemselves,theirpets,andmountainlionsbybeingawareofthehightimeformountainlionactivity.Becarefulifyouhavetodriveatnight,whenmountainlionslivinginpopulatedareasaremorelikelytobeactive.1.WhatisEllieBolas’attitudetowardpeople’srecreationinnature?A.Unclear. B.Doubtful. C.Intolerant. D.Supportive.2.WhatcanwelearnaboutmountainlionsintheGreaterLosAngelesareafromparagraph3?A.Theirhabitatsareundisturbed. B.Theyareunderthreat.C.Theytendtogetclosetohumans. D.Theirattacksonhumansaremon.3.WhatdoSethRiley’swordssuggestaboutmountainlions’adaption?A.Itdisplaystheirdisastrousimpact. B.Itisaresultofhumanconservationefforts.C.Itiskeytotheircoexistencewithhumans. D.Ithasledtothedecreaseofhumanactivity.4.Whatistheauthor’sadviceforhumans?A.Enjoyactivityinpopulatedareas. B.Traintheirpetstogetactiveatnight.C.Avoidencounterswithmountainlions. D.Drivequicklytopassbymountainlions.【答案】1.D2.B3.C4.C【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要講述了大洛杉磯地區(qū)的美洲獅為避開人類改變活動模式，它們面臨諸多挑戰(zhàn)，研究人員對其相關(guān)情況發(fā)表了看法，同時也提到了人類應(yīng)如何避免與它們相遇。1.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段““Peopleareincreasinglyenjoyingrecreatinginnature,whichisfantastic,”studycoauthorEllieBolassaidinastatement.(該研究的合著者EllieBolas在一份聲明中說：“人們越來越喜歡在大自然中休閑，這太棒了。”)”可推知EllieBolas對人們在大自然中娛樂的態(tài)度是支持的，故選D。2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“ThemountainlionsintheGreaterLosAngelesareafacenumerouschallenges—busyroadwayswherethey’reoftenhitbycars,thethreatofwildfires,harmfulchemicalsanddisturbedhabitats.Generally,mountainlionsprefertoavoidhumansaltogether.Butinanurbanareahometomorethan18millionpeople,thenaturalspotswheremountainlionslivearealsoheavilyusedbyrecreationists.(洛杉磯地區(qū)的美洲獅面臨著許多挑戰(zhàn)——繁忙的道路，它們經(jīng)常被汽車撞到，野火的威脅，有害化學(xué)物質(zhì)和被破壞的棲息地。一般來說，美洲獅更喜歡避開人類。但在一個擁有1800多萬人口的城市地區(qū)，美洲獅生活的自然景點也被休閑人士大量使用。)”可知說明大洛杉磯地區(qū)的美洲獅面臨著被車撞、野火威脅、有害化學(xué)物質(zhì)以及棲息地被破壞等諸多挑戰(zhàn)，也就是它們受到威脅，故選B。3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段““Theseresultsarereallyimportantinthattheyshowhowhumansmaybeaffectingwildlifeinlessobviouswaysthankillingthemwithvehicles,”SethRiley,astudycoauthor,saidinastatement.“Thestudyalsocontinuestodrivehometheamazingfactthatapopulationoflargefieldpredatorswandersinoneofthelargesturbanareasintheworld.Thatwouldnotbepossibleifmountainlionsweren’tabletoadjusttohumanactivity.”(該研究的合著者SethRiley在一份聲明中說：“這些結(jié)果非常重要，因為它們表明，人類可能以比用車輛殺死野生動物更不明顯的方式影響野生動物。”“這項研究還繼續(xù)揭示了一個驚人的事實，即一群大型野外食肉動物在世界上最大的城市地區(qū)之一游蕩。如果美洲獅不能適應(yīng)人類的活動，這是不可能的。”)”可推知如果美洲獅不能適應(yīng)人類活動，它們就不可能在世界上最大的城市地區(qū)之一生存，說明美洲獅的適應(yīng)能力是它們與人類共存的關(guān)鍵。故選C。4.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Becarefulifyouhavetodriveatnight,whenmountainlionslivinginpopulatedareasaremorelikelytobeactive.(如果你必須在晚上開車，要小心，因為生活在人口密集地區(qū)的美洲獅更有可能活躍。)”可知作者對人類的建議是避免遇到美洲獅。故選C。Passage3[2025福建省廈門市高中畢業(yè)班第一次質(zhì)量檢測]Wildchimpanzeesseemtolearnskillsfromeachotherandthen—muchashumansdo—improveonthosetechniquesfromonegenerationtothenext.Inparticular,youngfemalesthatmigrate(遷徙)betweengroupsbringtheirculturalknowledgewiththem,andgroupscanbinenewtechniqueswithexistingonestogetbetteratsearchingforfood.Such“cumulativeculture”meanssomechimpanzeemunitiesarebeingmoretechnologicallyadvanced—althoughvery,veryslowly.“Ifchimpanzeeshavesomeculturalknowledgethatthemunitythey’removingintodoesn’thave,theymaypassiton—justinthesamewaywepassonthegenes(基因),”saysAndrewWhitenattheUniversityofStAndrews.“Andthenthatculturebuildsup.”Scientistsknewchimpanzeesusedtoolsandpassedontheknowledge,buttheirlackofsignificantinnovationparedtohumanspuzzledresearchers.CassandraGunasekaramattheUniversityofZurichsuspectedshemightbeabletoapplygeneticanalysistothepuzzle.Toseeifyoungfemalesbringtheirskillsetsintotheirnewgroups,sheandhercolleagueslookedatdatapreviouslycollectedbyotherresearchgroupsat35studysitesinAfricaandincludedinformationaboutwhattools,ifany,eachanimalused,aswellastheirgeneticconnectionsoverthepast15,000years.“Thegeneticsgiveusakindoftimemachineintothewayculturehasbeentransmitted(傳播)acrosschimpanzees,”saysWhiten.Somechimpanzeesusedplextools,forexampleadrillingstickandafishingbrushforhunting.TheresearchersfoundthechimpanzeeswiththemostadvancedtoolsetswerethreetofivetimesmorelikelytosharethesameDNAasthosethatusedsimpletoolsornotoolsatall,eventhoughtheymightlivethousandsofkilometresaway.Andadvancedtoolusewasalsomorestronglyassociatedwithfemalemigrationparedwithsimpleornotooluse.“Ourinterpretationisthattheseplextoolsetsarereallyinventedbyperhapsbuildingonasimplerformfrombefore,andthereforetheyhavetodependontransmissionbyfemalesfromthemunitiesthatinventedtheminitiallytotheothermunities,”saysWhiten.“Itshowsthatplextoolswouldrelyonsocialexchangesacrossgroups—whichisverysurprisingandexciting,”saysGunasekaram.1.Whichbestdescribes“cumulativeculture”inparagraph2?A.Theimmediateadoptionofadvancedtoolsforfood.B.Thegradualbuildupofculturalknowledgeovertime.C.Theindependentinventionoftoolswithoutpriorskills.D.Thepreservationofculturalknowledgeforgenerations.2.HowdidGunasekaram’steamconducttheirresearch?A.Byobservingchimpanzeesat35studysites.B.Byanalyzingexistingdataonchimpanzees.C.Byparingchimpanzeesintermsoftheirtooluse.D.Byinvestigatinggeneticconnectionsofchimpanzees.3.Whatledtochimpanzees’useofplextools?A.Humaninfluences. B.Foodhuntingstrategy.C.Socialpetition. D.Crossgroupinteractions.4.Whatdoesthetextmainlytalkabout?A.Thelearninggapsbetweenchimpanzeesandhumans.B.Theenvironmentalimpactonchimpanzees’behaviors.C.Thegeneticdiversityofchimpanzeesinthewilderness.D.Theroleoffemalechimpanzeesinculturaltransmission.【答案】1.B2.B3.D4.D【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了野生黑猩猩如何學(xué)習(xí)技能并在一代又一代中改進這些技能，特別是年輕雌性在群體間遷徙時帶來的文化知識能夠提升技能，從而改進覓食技巧。1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Inparticular,youngfemalesthatmigrate(遷徙)betweengroupsbringtheirculturalknowledgewiththem,andgroupscanbinenewtechniqueswithexistingonestogetbetteratsearchingforfood.Such“cumulativeculture”meanssomechimpanzeemunitiesarebeingmoretechnologicallyadvanced—althoughvery,veryslowly.(尤其是遷徙到不同群體的年輕雌性黑猩猩會帶著它們的文化知識，群體可以將新的技術(shù)與現(xiàn)有的技術(shù)結(jié)合起來，更好地尋找食物。這種“累積文化”意味著一些黑猩猩群體正在變得更加技術(shù)先進——盡管非常非常慢)”可知，“累積文化”是指隨著時間的推移逐漸積累文化知識。故選B。2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段“sheandhercolleagueslookedatdatapreviouslycollectedbyotherresearchgroups(她和同事分析了先前其他研究小組收集的數(shù)據(jù))”可推知，Gunasekaram團隊是通過分析現(xiàn)有的關(guān)于黑猩猩的數(shù)據(jù)進行研究的。故選B。3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Ourinterpretationisthattheseplextoolsetsarereallyinventedbyperhapsbuildingonasimplerformfrombefore,andthereforetheyhavetodependontransmissionbyfemalesfromthemunitiesthatinventedtheminitiallytotheothermunities(我們的解釋是，這些復(fù)雜的工具可能是在以前的簡單形式的基礎(chǔ)上創(chuàng)造出來的，因此它們必須依賴于最初發(fā)明它們的社區(qū)的女性向其他社區(qū)的傳播)”可推知，黑猩猩使用復(fù)雜工具是因群體間的相互交流所致。故選D。4.主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Wildchimpanzeesseemtolearnskillsfromeachotherandthen—muchashumansdo—improveonthosetechniquesfromonegenerationtothenext.(野生黑猩猩似乎彼此學(xué)習(xí)技能，然后——就像人類一樣——將這些技術(shù)從一代代改進下去)”根據(jù)文章第二段“Inparticular,youngfemalesthatmigrate(遷徙)betweengroupsbringtheirculturalknowledgewiththem,andgroupscanbinenewtechniqueswithexistingonestogetbetteratsearchingforfood.(特別是，遷徙的年輕雌性帶來了文化知識，群體可以將新技術(shù)與現(xiàn)有技術(shù)結(jié)合起來，更好地尋找食物)”并結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知，本文主要講述了雌性黑猩猩在文化傳播中的角色。故選D。Passage4[2025安徽省合肥市高三上學(xué)期第一次教學(xué)質(zhì)量檢測]Itmightsurpriseyoutolearnthatdogsareplayinganincreasinglyimportantroleasconservationists.Forcenturies,theyhavebeenknownasman’sbestfriends.Now,theirunique.abilitiesarebeingmadeuseoftohelpprotectsomeoftheworld’smostthreatenedspecies.Quickandloyal,dogspossessmanyqualitiesthatmakethemidealforfieldwork,butit’stheirextraordinarysenseofsmellthatmakestheminvaluableforconservationwork.Witharound220millionolfactoryreceptors(嗅覺受體)paredtojust5millioninhumans,dogscandetectscents(氣味)andanalyzethemwithastonishingaccuracy,devoting40timesmoreoftheirbraintoscentanalysisthanwedo.Thankstothisincredibleability,somedogsarenowbeingtrainedtosaveatriskanimalsbysniffing(嗅)outtheirdroppings.AttheUniversityofWashington’sConservationCannesfacility,20speciallytraineddogshavesuccessfullytrackedkillerwhaledroppings,whichonlyfloatbrieflyontheocean’ssurface.Analyzingthesesamplesenablesscientiststomonitorthehealthofkillerwhalepopulations,whichareundersignificantstressfromfoodshortages,pollution,andboattraffic.Beyondtrackinganimaldroppings,conservationdogsarealsotrainedforliveanimaldetection,furthershowcasingtheirabilities.Theycanlocaterarespeciesintheirnaturalhabitats.Additionally,theyarenowusedtotacklethenonnativespeciesthatthreatenthesurvivalofthelocalwildlife.Dogsalsotakeonotherimportantroles.Forexample,atKenya’sMombasaport,dogssniffoutillegalwildlifeproductssuchasrhinohornsandivory.AcrossAfrica,theyworkonthefrontlinesagainstillegalhunting,servingasapowerfulsecurityforceenhancer.Whiledogsmaynotbetheultimatesolutiontoeveryconservationchallenge.theirinparableabilitiesmaketheminvaluablepanionsinthefighttoprotectourplanet’sbiodiversity.1.Whyarethefiguresmentionedinthesecondparagraph?A.Tohighlightthesuperiorityofdogs’senseofsmell.B.Tosuggesttheamazingaccuracyofdogs’analysis.C.Torecognizetheimportanceofconservationwork.D.Toshowdogs’impressiveachievementsinfieldwork.2.Howdodogshelpprotectkillerwhales?A.Bytrackingtheirmovements.B.Bydetectingtheirdroppings.C.Bymonitoringtheirpopulations.D.Byanalyzingthecollectedsamples.3.Whatcanwelearnfromtheexamplegiveninparagraph4?A.WildlifeproductsarepopularinAfricancountries.B.Nonnativespeciesaffectthesurvivaloflocalwildlife.C.Dogsareusedtodetectandpreventillegalwildlifetrade.D.Dogscanaccuratelylocatethenaturalhabitatsofrarespecies.4.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthetext?A.Toappealtopeopletoprotectbiodiversity.B.Toreportvariousenvironmentalchallenges.C.Tointroducedogs’rolesinconservationefforts.D.Toprovetheconventionalclaimofdogs’qualities.【答案】1.A2.B3.C4.C【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹的是狗憑借其卓越的嗅覺能力，在保護瀕危物種、打擊非法野生動物交易等方面發(fā)揮重要作用，成為生態(tài)保護中的寶貴助手。1.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Witharound220millionolfactoryreceptors(嗅覺受體)paredtojust5millioninhumans,dogscandetectscents(氣味)andanalyzethemwithastonishingaccuracy,devoting40timesmoreoftheirbraintoscentanalysisthanwedo.(狗擁有大約2.2億個嗅覺受體，而人類僅有500萬個，狗能以驚人的準(zhǔn)確性檢測和分析氣味，它們用于氣味分析的大腦部分比人類多出40倍。)”可知，本段使用了具體的數(shù)字來比較狗和人類的嗅覺受體數(shù)量以及大腦用于分析氣味的比例，以此突出狗的嗅覺能力遠(yuǎn)超人類。故選A項。2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“AttheUniversityofWashington’sConservationCaninesfacility,20speciallytraineddogshavesuccessfullytrackedkillerwhaledroppings,whichonlyfloatbrieflyontheocean’ssurface.Analyzingthesesamplesenablesscientiststomonitorthehealthofkillerwhalepopulations,whichareundersignificantstressfromfoodshortages,pollution,andboattraffic.(在華盛頓大學(xué)的保護犬設(shè)施，20只特別訓(xùn)練的狗已經(jīng)成功追蹤到了虎鯨的糞便，這些糞便僅在海面上短暫漂浮。分析這些樣本使科學(xué)家能夠監(jiān)測虎鯨種群的健康狀況，這些種群正因食物短缺、污染和船只交通而承受著巨大的壓力。)”可知，經(jīng)過特別訓(xùn)練的狗可以追蹤到虎鯨的糞便，進而科學(xué)家分析這些糞便樣本監(jiān)測虎鯨種群的健康狀況，由此可知，通過嗅探虎鯨的糞便幫助保護虎鯨。故選B項。3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中的“Dogsalsotakeonotherimportantroles.Forexample,atKenya’sMombasaport,dogssniffoutillegalwildlifeproductssuchasrhinohornsandivory.AcrossAfrica,theyworkonthefrontlinesagainstillegalhunting,servingasapowerfulsecurityforceenhancer.(狗還承擔(dān)著其他重要角色。例如，在肯尼亞的蒙巴薩港，狗嗅探出非法的野生動物產(chǎn)品，如犀牛角和象牙。在整個非洲，它們在打擊非法狩獵的第一線工作，充當(dāng)強大的安保力量增強者。)”可知，狗還承擔(dān)其他重要的角色，進而在下文中列舉了狗嗅探出非法的野生動物產(chǎn)品，由此可知，本段舉例說明狗在打擊非法野生動物交易方面的作用。故選C項。4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)首段中的“Itmightsurpriseyoutolearnthatdogsareplayinganincreasinglyimportantroleasconservationists.(你可能會驚訝地發(fā)現(xiàn)，狗作為保護者正發(fā)揮著越來越重要的作用。)”以及尾段“Whiledogsmaynotbetheultimatesolutiontoeveryconservationchallenge.theirinparableabilitiesmaketheminvaluablepanionsinthefighttoprotectourplanet’sbiodiversity.(雖然狗可能不是解決每個保護挑戰(zhàn)的最終方案，但它們無與倫比的能力使它們成為保護地球生物多樣性斗爭中不可或缺的伙伴。)”以及作者描述的狗在保護工作中扮演的不同角色，包括追蹤動物排泄物、現(xiàn)場活體探測、定位稀有物種、應(yīng)對威脅本地野生動物生存的非本土物種、以及打擊非法狩獵等，由此可知，文章旨在向讀者介紹狗在保護生物多樣性方面所發(fā)揮的重要作用。故選C項。Passage5[2025·浙江杭州·一模]“Growingfruittreesisaverysimplewaytostayinlovewithourworld,”saysVivianKeh,playwrightanddaughterofimmigrants,holdingabasketofpersimmons(柿子)she’scultivatedtofeelconnectedtoherKoreanancestors.Kehisjustoneofthe50remarkablesubjectsinnaturalistwriterAmyStewart’sTheTreeCollectors:TalesofArborealObsession,acollectionofportraitsofpeopletransformedbytheirloveoftrees.Initially,treesstruckStewartasanoddthingtocollect.Intriguedbythismunityofenthusiasts,shediscoverededucators,preservationistsandvisionaries,alldrawntoakindofcuration,motivatedbyreasonsdiverseastheirprojects.Theyplanttreesinpublicandprivatespacesbothmodestandexpansive,nurturing(培育)theircollectionstohonorbeloveddead,attractwildlife,preserverarespecies’connecttohistory,investinthefuture,growfoodandcreatebeauty.Stewardcategorizesthesetreecollectorsaccordingtotheirsenseofpurpose.KennethHoegh,oneofthebook’s“ecologists”,testswhichcoldlovingspeciesmightgrowinawarmingandhistoricallytreelessGreenland.“Healer”JoeHamiltonplantsloblollypinesonaparceloflandhegotfromhisenslavedancestorswithaneyetowardlongtermsustainableforestrywhichhehopeswillestablishasourceofgenerationalwealthforhisfamily.ReaganWytsalucyhasaplantorestoretraditionalpeachorchardsonNavajolandasoneofthe“munitybuilders”whoseektobringpeopletogether.Addingtothebook’scharmareStewart’swatercolor’illustrations—shegivesUsalookateachofherhumansubjectswhilealsocatalogingthemostwonderfulqualitiesoffeaturedtrees,suchasSeussianeucalyptusseedpodsanddelicatecamelliablossoms.Afterspendingtimeinthisvariedmonwealth,you’llundoubtedlyexperienceanintensedesiretorestundertheshadeofaleafyoak.Butsomethingevendeeperishappeninghere:bycreatingaspaceforpeopletotalkaboutsomethingtheylove.“Howoftendoanyofusgetachancetopourourheartsouttoastranger?”shewrites.“Somehow,talkingabouttreesmadeitpossible.”1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“curation”inparagraph2mean?A.Connection. B.Collection. C.Treatment. D.Transformation,2.Whatpurposeofplantingtreesismentionedinparagraph3?A.Topreserverarespecies. B.Tohonorbeloveddead.C.Todevelopnewvarieties. D.Tostrengthensocialbonds.3.Whatdoesthequoteinthelastparagraphsuggestaboutdiscussingtrees?A.Itinspiresnewideas. B.Itrarelyhappensinpublic.C.Itallowsdeepemotionalsharing. D.Ithelpsresolveenvironmentalissues.4.Whatdoesthewriterthinkofthebook?A.plicated. B.Conventional. C.Inspiring. D.Intense.【答案】1.B2.D3.C4.C【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了自然主義作家艾米·斯圖爾特的作品TheTreeCollectors:TalesofArborealObsession，該書描繪了50位因?qū)淠镜臒釔鄱淖兊娜宋铩?.詞句猜測題。由文章第二段“Initially,treesstruckStewartasanoddthingtocollect.Intriguedbythismunityofenthusiasts,shediscoverededucators,preservationistsandvisionaries,alldrawntoakindofcuration,motivatedbyreasonsdiverseastheirprojects.(起初，斯圖爾特覺得收集樹木很奇怪。被這個愛好者群體所吸引，她發(fā)現(xiàn)了教育工作者、保護主義者和夢想家，他們都被這一種所吸引，其動機與他們的項目不同)”可知，這里curation應(yīng)指前一句中所提及的收集，所以猜測curation表“收集”的意思。故選B項。2.推理判斷題。由文章第三段“‘Healer’JoeHamiltonplantsloblollypinesonaparceloflandhegotfromhisenslavedancestorswithaneyetowardlongtermsustainableforestrywhichhehopeswillestablishasourceofgenerationalwealthforhisfamily.ReaganWytsalucyhasaplantorestoretraditionalpeachorchardsonNavajolandasoneofthe‘munitybuilders’whoseektobringpeopletogether.(‘治療師’喬·漢密爾頓在他從被奴役的祖先那里獲得的一塊土地上種植火炬松，著眼于長期可持續(xù)的林業(yè)，他希望這將為他的家庭建立一代人的財富來源。ReaganWytsalucy計劃恢復(fù)納瓦霍土地上的傳統(tǒng)桃園，作為尋求將人們聚集在一起的‘社區(qū)建設(shè)者’之一)”可知，第3段提到植樹是可以加強社會聯(lián)系的。故選D項。3.推理判斷題。由文章最后一段“‘Howoftendoanyofusgetachancetopourourheartsouttoastranger?’shewrites.‘’Somehow,talkingabouttreesmadeitpossible.’(她寫道：‘我們中有多少人有機會向陌生人傾訴心聲？不知何故，和樹聊天可以使這成為可能。’)”可知，和樹聊天可允許人們進行深度的情感分享。故選C項。4.推理判斷題。由文章最后一段“Afterspendingtimeinthisvariedmonwealth,you’llundoubtedlyexperienceanintensedesiretorestundertheshadeofaleafyoak.Butsomethingevendeeperishappeninghere:bycreatingaspaceforpeopletotalkaboutsomethingtheylove.(在這個多樣化的聯(lián)邦度過一段時間后，你無疑會強烈渴望在綠樹成蔭的橡樹下休息。但這里正在發(fā)生更深層次的事情：為人們創(chuàng)造一個談?wù)撍麄兿矚g的事情的空間)”以及上下文可知，作者認(rèn)為這本書鼓舞人心，會讓讀者愛上樹以及向往書里的生活。故選C項。高頻話題07人與社會—競技/比賽Passage1[2025福建省廈門市高中畢業(yè)班第一次質(zhì)量檢測]AttheParis2024Olympics,sportclimbingfeaturedtwomedaleventsformenandwomen:SpeedandabinedBoulder&Leadevent.Behindthescenes,thereisacrucialbutoftenunseenfigure—MartinHammerer,headoftheexperiencedteamresponsiblefortheLeadroutes,whohasbeensettingroutesinternationallysince2007.“Theactualdesigntookplaceattheclimbingwall.TheInternationalFederationofSportClimbing(IFSC)preselectedthematerial,whichwethenusedtosettheroutes,”HammererexplainedwhenaskedabouthisworkinParis.“Westartedwiththefinals—whichwasthehighlight—andworkedbackwardtothesemifinals.Afterpletingaroute,wephotographedit,removedandstoredtheholdsforlateruse.”Thefocusfortheroutesettersistoofferachallengingbutalsofairpetition.RoutesforthebinedBoulder&Leadeventwerecarefullydesignedtoensurethatspecialistsinonedisciplinedidn’thaveanunfairadvantage.“Ouraimistoofferabalancedpetition,”Hammerersaid.“Forthepodiums(領(lǐng)獎臺),theathleteshavetobereallystronginbothdisciplines.”Routesettingreliesheavilyontheteam’screativity.Thestylehaschangedoverthepast15years,withtoday’srouteslooserandmoredynamic.“Thematerialsandstructureshavealsochangedgreatly,”Hammerersaid.“Everyseasonweadapttotheathletesanew.”Routesettingusedtobequiteindependentandgreatlyinfluencedclimbingstyle.“Butnow,federationssettrainingroutesforathletes.Whenweseethisonsocialmedia,wegetnewinputforourwork,”Hammererreflected.AsHammereroncesaid,“Climbersevolve,andsomustwe.”Hecontinuestoshapethefutureofclimbing—oneroute,onechallenge,onestoryatatime.1.WhatdoesHammererdo?A.Hepetesinsportclimbingevents. B.HecoachesathletesfortheOlympics.C.Hedesignsroutesforsportclimbing. D.Hejudgesclimbingpetitions.2.Whatisparagraph2mainlyabout?A.Thematerialsusedforroutesetting. B.Theprocessofsettingclimbingroutes.C.Thecriteriaforroutesofvariedlevels. D.Thelocationselectedforroutesetting.3.HowdidHammerer’steamachievetheiraim?A.Bybalancinginnovationandadaptation.B.Bystickingtofederations’trainingroutes.C.Bypromotingtheirconceptthroughsocialmedia.D.Bydiscipliningthemselvestofollowstrictguidelines.4.WhatmessagedoesHammererconveyinthelastparagraph?A.Practicemakesperfect. B.Changeistheonlyconstant.C.Slowandsteadywinstherace. D.Actionsspeaklouderthanwords.【答案】1.C2.B3.A4.B【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了2024年巴黎奧運會攀巖比賽背后的關(guān)鍵人物——馬丁·哈默爾(MartinHammerer)，他負(fù)責(zé)設(shè)計攀巖比賽的路線，并詳細(xì)描述了他的工作內(nèi)容、設(shè)計理念以及攀巖路線設(shè)置的發(fā)展變化。1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Behindthescenes,thereisacrucialbutoftenunseenfigure—MartinHammerer,headoftheexperiencedteamresponsiblefortheLeadroutes,whohasbeensettingroutesinternationallysince2007.(在幕后，有一個關(guān)鍵但往往不為人知的人物——MartinHammerer，負(fù)責(zé)Lead路線的經(jīng)驗豐富的團隊負(fù)責(zé)人，自2007年以來一直在國際上制定路線。)”可知，Hammerer是設(shè)計運動攀巖路線的，故選C。2.主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Theactualdesigntookplaceattheclimbingwall.TheInternationalFederationofSportClimbing(IFSC)preselectedthematerial,whichwethenusedtosettheroutes,”HammererexplainedwhenaskedabouthisworkinParis.“Westartedwiththefinals—whichwasthehighlight—andworkedbackwardtothesemifinals.Afterpletingaroute,wephotographedit,