主謂一致易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)主謂一致：在英語句子里,謂語受主語支配,其動(dòng)詞必須和主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。三大基本原則：語法一致原則、概念一致原則、就近原則2021/6/271Thestatistics_____thatlivingstandardsintheareahaveimproveddrasticallyinrecenttimes.(2006,62)A.proves B.isproving C.areproving D.prove譯文：統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)字證明這個(gè)地區(qū)的生活水平在近幾年里有了顯著提高。這里的statistics意思是“數(shù)據(jù)、統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)字”，是復(fù)數(shù)名詞，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)，Statistics還有用作“統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)”意思，用單數(shù)。c此外，prove表示“（已）證明”，不可用現(xiàn)代進(jìn)行時(shí)。D2021/6/272以-ics結(jié)尾的學(xué)科名詞或是疾病名詞或是游戲名稱的名詞，謂語動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)。e.g.physics(物理學(xué))mathematics(數(shù)學(xué))，mechanics(機(jī)械學(xué))acoustics(聲學(xué))，politics(政治學(xué)），economics(經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué))，linguistics(語言學(xué))，athletics(體育學(xué))，tactics(兵法))optics（光學(xué)），acoustics（聲學(xué)），statistics（統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)），diabetes(糖尿病)，measles（麻疹）,Phlebitis(靜脈炎)等，Darts(投鏢游戲)，Cards(打紙牌)表示時(shí)間、距離、價(jià)格、度量衡的復(fù)數(shù)名詞或短語當(dāng)作為一個(gè)整體看待時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)形式。122021/6/273WhichofthefollowingsentencesisINCORRECT?（2014，54）Physicsisanimportantschoolsubject.B.TheNiagaraFallsisinNorthAmerica.C.TheUnitedStatesbordersCanada.D.Mumpsisakindofinfectiousdisease.B.

A項(xiàng)的physics是學(xué)科名，C項(xiàng)TheUnitedStates是國(guó)名的專有名詞，D項(xiàng)mumps”腮腺炎”一種疾病。B.TheNiagaraFalls尼亞加拉大瀑布不止一條，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。AllthePresident’sMen_____oneoftheimportantbooksforhistorianswhostudytheWatergateScandal.(2007,52)A.remain B.remains C.remained D.isremainingB.

B.B.譯文：《總統(tǒng)班底》仍然是歷史學(xué)家研究“水門事件”的重要著作之一。2021/6/274用作書名、劇名、報(bào)紙名、國(guó)名、組織機(jī)構(gòu)等的復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式；以-s結(jié)尾的地理名稱，國(guó)名theUnitedStates,theUnitedNations(聯(lián)合國(guó))，theNetherlands(荷蘭)，用單數(shù)。如果是群島theWestIndies(西印度群島)，山脈theHimalayas(喜馬拉雅山脈)，海峽theStraitsofGibraltar(直布羅陀海峽)，瀑布theNiagaraFalls(尼亞加拉大瀑布)，用復(fù)數(shù)32021/6/275以or,either…or,neither…nor,notonly…butalso,but(also),nor等連接的名詞或代詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞形式遵循就近原則，須同最近的主語單復(fù)數(shù)形式保持一致。C.WhichofthefollowingsentencesisINCORRECT?(2012,51)A.Twentymilesseemslikealongwalktohim.B.Nooneexcepthissupportersagreewithhim.C.NeitherJulianorIweregoingtotheparty.D.Fewstudentsinmyclassarereallylazy.C項(xiàng)考neigher...nor..的就近原則。B項(xiàng)中主語是noone，謂語通常用單數(shù)；但在非正式語體中，也可根據(jù)“就近原則”來決定隨后動(dòng)詞的形式，即根據(jù)復(fù)數(shù)supporters使用agree。42021/6/276MrWells,togetherwithallthemembersofhisfamily,____forEuropethisafternoon.(2004)A.aretoleaveB.areleavingC.isleavingD.LeaveC當(dāng)主語后面緊跟aswellas,nolessthan,ratherthan,morethan,but,except,besides,with,accompaniedby,alongwith,togetherwith,like,including,inadditionto,combinedwith,asmuchas等引導(dǎo)的介詞短語，表示伴隨的人或者事時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式由主語的數(shù)來決定。52021/6/277WhichofthefollowingsentencesisgrammaticallyINCORRECT?A.Politicsaretheartorscienceofgovernment.B.Tenmilesseemslikealongwalktome.C.Mumpsisakindofinfectiousdisease.D.Allthefurniturehasarrivedundamaged.Atenmiles看作整體單數(shù)，mumps腮腺炎這個(gè)單詞就是以s結(jié)尾的，不可數(shù)名詞；furniture在英語里是不可數(shù)名詞；A里的politics并不是指政治，而是指政治學(xué)(politicalscience)，是不可數(shù)名詞，此外，politics表示政治可以看作不可數(shù)名詞，也可以看作復(fù)數(shù)，比如Politicshavealwaysinterestedme.WhichofthefollowingsentencesisINCORRECT?(2012,65)A．Poultryareveryexpensiveinthecity.B．Newmachinerywereintroducedinthefactory.C．Thepoliceareinvestigatingthemurdercase.D．Themilitiawerecalledouttorescuefloodvictims.B.2021/6/278

集合名詞指整體時(shí)，用單數(shù)代詞；指由不同的人組成的集合時(shí)，用復(fù)數(shù)代詞，像Audience,couple,family,public,class,crowd,government,staff,committee,group,team,crew,company集體名詞;但是有些集體名詞，像foliage（葉子）,machinery,equipment,furniture（家具）,merchandise（商品）,通常作不可數(shù)名詞，隨后的動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。police,people,cattle,poultry，militia(民兵)等通常作復(fù)數(shù)，用復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞62021/6/279如果主語是由“acommittee/panel/boardof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”構(gòu)成，隨后的動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)。例如：Acommitteeoffivemenandthreewomenistoconsiderthematter.2021/6/2710某些固定結(jié)構(gòu)中謂語的數(shù)：

agreatmany+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)

謂語用復(fù)數(shù)manya+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)

謂語用單數(shù)anumberof+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)

謂語用復(fù)數(shù)thenumberof+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)

謂語用單數(shù)themajorityof+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)

謂語用復(fù)數(shù)each/every+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)

謂語用單數(shù)neither/eitherof+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)

謂語用單數(shù)morethanone+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)

謂語用單數(shù)oneandahalf+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)

謂語用單數(shù)thegreaterpartof/alargeproportionof/50%of

/onethirdof/plentyof/therestof謂語的數(shù)與of后面的名詞一致2021/6/2711

Morethanoneperson()knownit.Morepersonsthanone（）knownit.Manyaworker()killedintheaccident.Ahas,have,wasB.have,have,wereC.have,have,wasD.Has,have,wereA7morethanone+n/Manya+n/EveryAandeveryB/NoAandnoB/oneandahalf+n謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。注意：more復(fù)數(shù)名詞+thanone用復(fù)數(shù)。e.g.Moremembersthanoneareagainstyourplan.2021/6/2712e.g.1.Atotaloftenthousanddollars____donatedlastmonth.(be)

2.Thetotalofdollarsdonatedlastmonth____100,000dollars.(be)3.Itissaidthattheaverageofmoles(痣）apersonhas____fourteen.(be)4.Anaverageof20candidates______appliedforthejobeverymonth.(have)anumberof/anaverageof/atotalof+名詞復(fù)數(shù)，主語是后面名詞thenumberof/theaverageof/thetotalof+名詞，主語是number,averagewerewasishave82021/6/2713.It

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