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TRENDSSustainabilityine-commerceCHAPTER

01EnvironmentalimpactGlobalinternationalshippingCO2emissionsoutlookfrom2019to2070intheSustainableDevelopmentScenario*(inmillionmetrictonsofCO2)InternationalshippingCO2emissionsoutlookworldwide2019-207075065055045035025015050710709658648469324197120201920202025203020402050206020703Description:Globalemissionsfrominternationalshippingareexpectedtoreach709millionmetrictonsofCO2in2025.However,undertheIEA's"SustainableDevelopmentScenario",inwhichtheuseofalternativefuelssuchashydrogen,ammonia,andbiofuelshaveincreased,CO2emissionsfromshippingcouldfallconsiderablyinthecomingdecades.Underthisscenario,emissionsfromtheinternationalshippingsectorareprojectedtodropto120millionmetrictonsofCO2by2070.

ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;2019;*FurtherinformationabouttheIEA'sSustainableDevelopmentScenariocanbefoundhereReadmoreSource(s):IEAGlobaltransportationCO?emissionsintheSustainableDevelopmentScenarioinselectedyearsfrom2000to2070,bymode(inGtCO?peryear)Transportationemissionsoutlookworldwide2000-2070,bymodeAviation

Shipping

Medium-andheavytrucks

Light-commercialvehicles

Busesandminibuses

Passengercars

Two/three-vehicles

Rail8.07.06.05.04.03.02.01.00.02000200520102015202020252030203520402045205020552060206520704Description:Underthe"SustainableDevelopmentScenario",emissionsfromallmodesoftransportationwouldreduceconsiderablyoverthecomingdecades.Presently,thesetransportationmodesemitroughlysevengigatonsofcarbondioxideeveryyear.However,withtechnologicalinnovations,low-carbonfueluseandelectrification,emissionsfromthissectorcouldpotentiallydroptoonegigatonofCO?ayear.Bythisperiod,severalmodesoftransportationwillhavetransitionedawayfromfossil[...]

ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;2000to2020;*FurtherinformationabouttheIEA'sSustainableDevelopmentScenariocanbefoundhere

Figuresarerounded.**Figuresmarkedaszeroareequaltoorlessthan0.05GtCO?peryear.

ReadmoreSource(s):IEAAveragenumberofproductsboughtperorderworldwidefromMarch2023toFebruary2024Averagenumberofproductsboughtpere-commerceorderworldwide202465.094.935432104.784.594.584.574.534.424.153.933.913.87Mar'23Apr'23May'23Jun'23Jul'23Aug'23Sep'23Oct'23Nov'23Dec'23Jan'24Feb'245Description:Onaverage,4.41productsperorderarepurchasedbye-commerceusers.AglobalstudyshowedthatthefigurepeakedinFebruary2024,afteratwelve-monthslowof3.87unitspertransactioninDecember2023.

ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;March2023toFebruary2024Source(s):DynamicYieldEnvironmentalimpactofe-commercelogisticsworldwidein2019withaforecastfor2030,byindicatorE-commerceenvironmentalimpactworldwide2019-2030,bytype20192030706050403020645325197.21005.3Deliveryvehicles(inmillionvehicles)Emissions(inmillionCO?metrictons)Averagecommutetimeincludinglast-miledeliveries(inminutes)Environmentalaspect6Description:By2030,theestimatedenvironmentalimpactofe-commercelogisticswillbemuchhigherinthelargest100urbanareasworldwide.Thedeliverycarfleetcouldreach7.2millionvehiclesbytheendofthisdecade,andtotalemissionscausedbyparcelandfreightshippingareforecasttogenerate25millionmetrictonsofCO2.Inaddition,theaveragecommutetime,includinglast-miledelivery,isexpectedtoincreasefrom53minutesin2019to64minutesin2030.ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;2019;top100citiesgloballyonlySource(s):WorldEconomicForumCompanies'websitesproducingmostCO2permonth(inkgofCO2e)Mostpollutingwebsitesofcompanies2023EmissionsinkgCO2e050,000100,000150,000200,000250,000300,000350,000400,000400,083450,000AmazonTacoBellTarget107,15084,43365,60753,54045,944TripadvisoreBayWalmartEtsy35,25335,04832,44631,670NikeWayfairLowe's7Description:Amongthelargeste-commerceandtechcompanies,Amazon'swebsitegeneratedthemostpollutionperpageview,at400,000kilogramsofcarbondioxideequivalentpermonth.TacoBellrankedsecond,with107,150kilogramsCO2e.Therankingincludedothernotablee-commerceplatformsliketarget,eBay,Walmart,andEtsy.ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;asofJuly2023Source(s):KnownhostKeyfiguresontheimpactofretailreturnsintheUnitedStatesfrom2019to2022KeyfiguresontheimpactofretailreturnsintheU.S.2019-2022IndicatorVolume

ofemissions

from

the

transport

ofreturns

(inVolume

ofreturns

ending

up

in

landfills

(in

billion

tons)million

CO2

metric

tons)2019202020212022151627242.252.614.344.278Description:Between2020and2021,theamountofreturnedmerchandiseendingupinlandfillsalmostdoubledintheUnitedStates.Thisfigurehit4.34milliontons,upfromthepreviousyearwhensome2.61milliontonswerethrownaway.Similarly,greenhousegasemissionsalsoincreasedfromtransportingreturns,reaching27millionmetrictonsofCO2in2021.Asof2022,bothfiguresslightlydeclined,withcarbonemissionsnotgoingover24millionmetrictonsCO2.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedStates;2019to2022Source(s):EnvironmentalCapitalGroup;OptoroKeyfiguresontheenvironmentalimpactofonlinefashionreturnsintheUnitedKingdomin2022EnvironmentalimpactofonlinefashionreturnsintheUK2022Column1Emissionsduetoreturns(inthousandmetrictonsofCO2)Emissionsduetoreversetransport(InthosuandmetrictonsofCO2)Percentageoffashionreturnsthatarenotresold7503503Percentageofreturneditemsthatcannotberesoldendingupinlandfill509Description:Fashionitemsareoneofthemostreturnedproductcategoriesine-commerce.IntheUnitedKingdom(UK),theamountofonlinereturnsoffashionitemsproduced750,000metrictonsofcarbondioxidejustin2022.Thefiguredidnotincludetheemissionsduetoreversetransport,amountingto350,000metrictonsofCO2overtheconsideredyear.ReadmoreNote(s):March2023;onlyincludingprivatelyheldcompaniesvaluedat1billionU.S.dollarsormore*;*Privatelyheldcompaniesarethosethathavenotmadeaninitialpublicoffering(IPO).ReadmoreSource(s):BritishFashionCouncil(Instituteofpositivefashion);RolandBergerCHAPTER

02E-tailersOnlinepurchasechannelsofferingthebestenvironmentallyfriendlyoptionsworldwidein2022Onlinepurchasechannelsofferingthebestgreenoptionsworldwidein2022Shareofrespondents5%

10%0%15%20%25%30%35%33%Leadingmarketplaceintheregion(e.g.Amazon,MercadoLivre)Othermarketplaces11%11%Retailers(e.g.JohnLewis)Individualbrands(e.g.Nike)Voicecommerce(e.g.viaAmazonAlexa)Viaanaggregator/deliveryapp(e.g.UberEats)Socialplatforms7%6%4%3%Messagingplatforms1%Noneofthese24%11Description:Amongstonlineshoppersfromall18countriesincludedina2022study,33percentofrespondentsbelievedthattheleadingmarketplaceintheirregionprovidedthebestenvironmentallyfriendlyoptionswhencomparedtootheronlinepurchasingchannels.Otheronlinemarketplaces,aswellasonlineretailers,weresecond,with11percentofrespondentsbelievingeachofthesechannelstoofferthebestenvironmentallyfriendlyoptions.However,itwasnotablethatalmostaquarterof[...]

ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;March25toApril7,2022;16yearsandolderSource(s):Censuswide;WundermanThompsonCommerceCarbonfootprintofAmazonfrom2018to2022,bytypeofemissions(inmillionmetrictonsCO?e)Amazon’scorporatecarbonfootprint2018-2022,bytypeofemissionsEmissionsfromdirectoperations(fossilfuelsandrefrigerants)EmissionsfromindirectsourcesEmissionsfrompurchasedelectricityAmazon'sTotalFootprint71.5471.2754.9860.6445.7551.1744.455.3639.915.534.714.714.0712.112.8913.45.279.624.985.762018201920202021202212Description:TheonlinemarketplaceAmazonassesseditsworldwidecarbonfootprintbyreleasingdataonthetheamountsofemissionsgeneratedbyitsoperationalactivitiesbetween2018and2022.Thetotalfootprintofthemarketplaceincreasedupto2021,reaching71.54millionmetrictonsofcarbondioxideequivalent.Thefollowingyear,thecarbonfootprintwasslightlyreducedto71.27millionmetrictons.ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;2018to2022;greenhousegasemissionsattributedtothecorporation'sdirectandindirectoperationalactivitiesSource(s):AmazonNumberofpackagesdeliveredbyAmazonLogisticsintheUnitedStatesfrom2018to2022(inbillionpackages)PackagesdeliveredbyAmazonLogisticsintheU.S.2018-20226.05.04.774.794.264.03.02.01.00.020.82018201920202021202213Description:In2022,AmazonLogisticsdeliveredaround4.79billionpackagesintheUnitedStates(U.S.).Thisisaslightincreasecomparedwiththepreviousyear.Othermajorcarriercompanies,suchasUPS,FedEx,andUSPS,recordedadecreaseinparcelvolumein2022.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedStates;2018to2022Source(s):CapitalOne;PitneyBowesGreenhousegasemissionsgeneratedbyactivitiesacrosseBay'svaluechainin2022(in1,000metrictonsCO2equivalent)CarbonemissionsfromactivitiesacrosseBay'svaluechain2022EmissionsinthousandmetrictonsofCO2eDownstreamtransportationanddistribution1,477UseofsoldgoodsPurchasedgoodsandservicesCapitalgoods276126.22219.710.710.29EmployeecommutingUpstreamtransportationanddistributionBusinesstravelFuel-andenergy-relatedactivitiesWastegeneratedinoperations

6.214Description:In2022,thecarbonfootprintofonlinemarketplaceeBaywasmainlyattributedtotransportationanddistribution,whichgeneratedalmost1,477,000metrictonsofCO2equivalentemissions.Useofsoldgoodsinthevaluechaincameinsecondplace,emittingsome276thousandmetrictonsofCO2e.ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;2022Source(s):eBayGreenhousegasemissionsofMercadoLibrein2023,bytype(in1,000metrictonsCO2equivalent)CarbonfootprintofMercadoLibre2023,bytypeofemissions1,375.46567.1616.84ValuechainemissionsDirectemissionsfromfueluseIndirectemissionsfromdirectelectricityconsumption15Description:In2023,Scope3emissionsofMercadoLibreamountedtonearly1.4millionmetrictonsofCO2equivalent.Thisrepresentedanincreasecomparedtothepreviousyear.Scope3emissionscorrespondtothecarbonfootprintoftheentirevaluechainandincludepurchaseofproductsandservices,transportationanddistribution,wastemanagement,employeemobility,aswellasproductsmanufacturinganddisposal.ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;2023Source(s):MercadoLibreAnnualgreenhousegasemissionsofZalandooperationsfrom2017to2022,byscope(inmetrictonsofCO2equivalent)AnnualgreenhousegasemissionsofZalando2017-2022,byscopeScope1Scope2Scope37,000,0006,000,0005,000,0004,000,0003,000,0002,000,0001,000,000020172018201920202021202216Description:AccordingtodatagatheredfromtheonlinefashionretailerZalando'smostrecentannualreport,between2017to2022,greenhousegasemissionsfromZalando'soperationshaveincreasedforScope1andScope3ranges.WhereasScope2emissionssawasubstantialreductionafter2017,Zalando'sScope3emissionsincreased,reachingover5.8millionmetrictonsofcarbondioxideequivalentasof2022.

ReadmoreNote(s):Germany;2017to2022Source(s):ZalandoShareofretailprofessionalsatsmall-andmediumbusinesses(SMBs)implementingsustainablestrategiesintheU.S.in2022and2023SustainabilitystrategiesofretailSMBsintheU.S.2022-202320225920237060504030201006359585655545350433131Useright-sizepackaging

ResponsiblydisposeofmaterialsUseenvironmentally-friendlylogisticsUserecyclable/reusableshippingboxesDesignproductstoberecyclable/reusableWorkwithpartnerstomanagereturnedgoodssustainably17Description:Since2022,logisticshasgainedrelevanceinsustainabilitypracticesofsmall-andmediumbusinessesoperatinginU.S.retail.Accordingtoasurvey,59percentofprofessionalsgaveprioritytoeco-friendlylogisticsin2023whileonly43percentofthemstatedsoin2022.In2023,reverselogisticsinvolvingproductsreturnswasmentionedby49percentofrespondents,17percentupfromthepreviousyear.

ReadmoreNote(s):October2023;300professionalsatSMBs*Source(s):SoftwareAdviceMainsustainablelogisticsprioritiesamongsmallandmedium-sizedenterprises(SMEs)intheU.S.asofApril2023SustainablelogisticsprioritiesamongSMEsintheU.S.2023Carbonemissionreduction13%Sustainablesourcing23%Reducingwaste45%Eco-friendlypackaging19%18Description:Smallandmedium-sizedenterprises(SMEs)usingshippingservicestodelivertheirproductsareputtingeffortinreducingwaste,a2023surveyshowed.Thiswasthetoppriorityforaround46percentofprofessionalsfromSMEsintheU.S.Sustainablesourcingofmaterialsandproductsfollowedwith23percentofanswers,whileeco-friendlypackagingwasapriorityforsome19percentofsurveyedrespondents.

ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedStates;asofApril2023;2,500SMEs;businessesusingshippingservices,includingDHLcustomersSource(s):DHLGroupCHAPTER

03ConsumerbehaviorShareofconsumersconsideringtheenvironmentalimpactofdeliveryoptionswhenshoppingonlineinselectedcountriesworldwidein2ndquarter2023Onlineshoppersmindfuloftheenvironmentalimpactofdelivery2023,bycountryShareofrespondents0%5%10%15%20%25%30%35%PortugalGreece32%29%29%ItalyUnitedStatesSpain28%28%France27%27%AustraliaUnitedKingdomNetherlandsPoland26%24%24%24%24%24%AustriaBelgiumGermany20Description:Inasurveyconductedinthesecondquarterof2023,some26percentofshoppersintheUnitedKingdomreportedconsideringtheenvironmentalimpactofdeliveryoptionswhenbuyingfromtheinternet.Thatfigurestoodat32percentforonlineshoppersinPortugal,and29percentforthoseinGreeceandItaly.ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;Q22023;19,293*;18yearsandolder;*Minimum1,000respondentsineachcountry.Thesourcedoesnotprovideareleasedate,thedateusedisthatoflastaccess.

ReadmoreSource(s):Klarna;NepaMostimportantfactorsinthedeliveryexperienceaccordingtoonlinemerchantsin2023Mostimportantfactorsinthedeliveryexperienceaccordingtoonlinemerchants202350%45%45%40%35%30%25%20%15%10%5%27%13%11%2%2%0%CostofdeliverySpeedofdeliveryConvenienceofthedeliveryFlexiblereturnsDeliverytrackingandvisibilityCarboonfootprintofdelivery21Description:Deliverycostsaffectthedeliveryexperience,accordingto45percentofonlinemerchantsansweringasurveyinNovember2023.Thetimefactorwasrelevantfor27percentofrespondents,whileonlytwopercentofmerchantsgaveimportancetothereturnprocessofonlineorders.ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;November2023;800onlinesellers*;*SellersacrosstheUK,U.S.,Canada,Australia,Germany,France,Italy,andSpain.ReadmoreSource(s):Auctane;MetaPack;RetailEconomicsShareofconsumersconcernedaboutsustainabilitywhenpurchasingonlinewithhomedeliveryin2023,bycountrySustainabilityconcernwhenpurchasingwithhomedelivery2023,bycountryShareofconsumers0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%FranceBelgium76%72%71%GermanyNordics66%UnitedStatesCanada62%60%NetherlandsUnitedKingdom49%49%22Description:Accordingtoa2023study,Frenchconsumerswerethemostconcernedaboutthesustainabilityofhomedelivery,with76percentofthemworriedaboutitsenvironmentalimpact.ConsumersbasedinBelgiumandGermanyfollowed,with72and71percent,respectively.ReadmoreNote(s):NorthAmerica,Europe;asofMarch2023;8,000respondentsSource(s):Descartes;SapioResearchShareofconsumersinterestedinsustainabledeliveryoptionsin2023Interestinenvironmentallyfriendlydeliveryoptions2023Shareofconsumers0%10%20%30%40%50%60%60%59%56%55%53%70%FullycarbonneutraldeliveryservicesCombiningallordersoveraperiodintoasingledeliveryattheendoftheweekHavingthesellerrecommendthemosteco-friendlydeliveryoption(e.g.greendeliveryslots)CombiningallordersoveraperiodintoasingledeliverywhentherearemultipledeliveriesinmyareaIn-storepickupUsingadropboxfacilityatacentrallocation49%47%46%HavingthesellerratetheenvironmentalimpactofalldeliveryoptionsSlowingdowndeliveriestomakethemmoreeco-friendlyPayhigherdeliveryfees26%23Description:Accordingtoa2023studycarriedoutinEuropeandNorthAmerica,60percentofonlineconsumerswereinterestedincarbonneutraldelivery.Aboutthesamepercentageofrespondentswouldoptforasingledeliveryofmultipleonlineorderswhileanother56percentofsurveyedconsumerswouldappreciatehavingthesellerrecommendthemostsustainabledeliveryoption.ReadmoreNote(s):NorthAmerica,Europe;asofJune2023;8,000respondentsfrom8countriesSource(s):Descartes;SapioResearchShareofconsumersexpectingelectricvehiclestobeusedinhomedeliveryin2023Timelineforelectricvehiclestobeusedinhomedelivery2023Shareofconsumers202330%20220%10%20%40%50%60%70%31%NowAyearfromnow20%38%31%49%TwoyearsfromnowFiveyearsfromnow42%61%53%24Description:In2023,onlineconsumersshowedhigherawarenesstowardstheuseofelectricvehiclesinlast-miledeliverycomparedtoayearprior.AccordingtoasurveycarriedoutineightcountriesinNorthAmericaandEurope,31percentofonlineconsumersbelievedelectricfleetsshouldbeusednow,11percentagepointsupfrom2022.Another61percentofthemexpectedelectricvehiclestobeusedinfiveyearstime.

ReadmoreNote(s):NorthAmerica,Europe;asofJune2023;8,000respondentsfrom8countriesSource(s):Descartes;SapioResearchMainpurchasedriversbehindonlineshoppingofsustainableproductsinLatinAmericain2023MainpurchasedriversbehindsustainableonlineshoppinginLatinAmerica2023Shareofrespondents5%

10%

15%0%20%40%25%30%35%40%45%DurabilityoftheproductSociallyandenvironmentallysutainability39%Protectingbiodiversity34%33%30%29%26%26%TheproductismadewithrecycledorcompostmaterialsMinimalpackaging,easyproductreturnDesignandfunctionality(theproductcanbeeasilyrepaired)BrandorcompanysustainabilitycommitmentsPackagingmadewithrecyclablematerial25Description:MercadoLibrecarriedoutasurveyonsustainableonlineshoppinginLatinAmericancountries,outliningthemainfeaturesofasustainableproductaccordingtoonlineshoppers.AccordingtothesurveyresultsreleasedinMarch2023,40percentbelievedaproducthadtolastovertime,whilenearlythesamenumberofrespondentswishedtheproductwassociallyandenvironmentallysustainable.ReadmoreNote(s):LAC;April2022toMarch2023;3,271onlineshoppers;18yearsandolder;MercadoLibreconsumers*Source(s):MercadoLibreShareofshopperswillingtodelaye-commercedeliveriestoimprovesustainabilityintheUnitedStatesin2023ShareofU.S.shopperswillingtodelaydeliveryforgreatersustainability2023Notwillingtodelaydelivery*14%Willingtodelaydeliveryifgivenanincentive86%26Description:InasurveyconductedinMarch2023intheUnitedStates,almostnineoutoftenrespondentsreportedtheywouldbewillingtodelaye-commercedeliveriestoimprovesustainabilityifgivenanincentivetodoso.Approximately34percentofrespondentswerewillingtodelaydeliverybyuptofivedays.ReadmoreNote(s):March2023;1,000U.S.consumers;18yearsandolder;*FigurecalculatedbySource(s):BlueYonderbasedontheinformationprovidedbythesource.

ReadmoreDelaytimefore-commercedeliveriesthatshoppersintheUnitedStateswerewillingtotakeforgreatersustainabilityin2023DelayofdeliveriesthatU.S.e-shopperswouldacceptformoresustainability202340%36%34%35%30%25%20%15%10%5%30%0%DelaythreetofivedaysDelayaweekormoreDelayonetotwodays27Description:Howmucharee-shopperswillingtodelaye-commercedeliveriestoimprovesustainability?InasurveyconductedinMarch2023intheUnitedStates,34percentofrespondentssaidtheywerewillingtodelaydeliveriesuptofivedaysifgivenanincentivetodoso.ReadmoreNote(s):March

2023;860U.S.consumerswillingtodelaye-commercedeliveriesSource(s):BlueYonderImportanceofenvironmentally-friendlypackaginginselectedEuropeancountriesin2023Importanceofenvironmentally-friendlypackaginginEuropeancountries2023VeryimportantImportantUnimportantVeryunimportant120%