Unit4SpaceExplorationSectionⅢListeningandTalking，ReadingforWriting一、語言基礎訓練Ⅰ.單詞拼法1．Anewrecyclingfacility(設備)willbeprovidedbythelocalcouncilnextmonth.2．Adirectandobviousexampleisthatmanymarineanimalsaredispersed(驅散)aroundtheglobe(地球)byoceancurrents.3．Hedeterminedtoargue(爭辯)withthemanwhowassellingthetickets.4．Theriveristooshallow(淺)forourbigboattofloaton.5．Thecompanysetapattern(模式)ofwhatagoodcompanyshouldbe,whichmadeadifferencetous.6．Oursatellitetechnologymeansthatwecanmonitor(監視)enemyairwavesmorecloselythaneverbefore.7．What'stheregular(正常的，常規的)procedureforfilingacomplaint?8．Theteenagerismentallyaddictedtohissmartphone(智能手機)andcan'tfocusonotherthings.9．Wehavelaunchedacampaigntosupportthesustainableuseofnaturalresources(資源)．10．Thetaskistoomuchforapersonoflimited(有限的)intelligence.Ⅱ.完成句子1．Positivethinkingandactionresultinsuccess.主動的思索和行動導致勝利。(resultin)2．Theriverisfourtimesaslongas/fourtimesthelengthofthatone.這條河是那條河的四倍長。(倍數表達法)3．Parentsshouldprovidetheirchildrenwithagoodeducation.父母應當給孩子供應良好的教化。(providesb.withsth.)4．Ridingabikeisanenvironmentallyfriendlymeansoftransport.騎自行車是環保的交通方式。(動名詞作主語)5．Itdependsonhimwhetherheacceptsthejoborrefusesit.接受還是拒絕這項工作取決于他。(whether...or...)6．Themenweresoonexhaustedandwererunningoutoffood.這些人很快就力倦神疲了，食物也快吃完了。(runoutof)7．Itisobviousthatthegirlisattachedtothetoyselectedbyhermother.很明顯，小女孩喜愛媽媽選的這個玩具。(it作形式主語)8．Ashewastired,hewenttobedatonce.因為累了，他馬上就去睡覺了。(as引導緣由狀語從句)二、培優提升訓練Ⅰ.閱讀理解(2024·江蘇省南京市六校聯合體高一下期末)YuriGagarinbecamethefirstpersontogobeyondEarth'satmospherein1961.Ashespent108minutesinorbit,theRussianastronautconsumedatubeofbeef-and-liverpaste(糊狀物)withasideofchocolatesauce.HisAmericancounterparts(同行)enjoyedequallyunappetizingcuisineduringtheirtripstothemoon,butpureed(做成泥的)meatgavewaytofreeze-driedmealsbythetimethespaceshuttlefirstlaunchedin1981.Today,astronautsaboardtheInternationalSpaceStation(ISS)alsoenjoyfreshfruitandvegetablessentfromhome.Anincreasinglyappealingspacediethasensuredastronautsgetmoreofwhattheirbodiesneed.LifeaboardtheISS,forexample,ishard—asix-hourspacewalkcanburnmorethan2,000calories—soit'sessentialthatastronautsconsumeenoughfoodtodothejob.Andovertime,zerogravityweakenstheheartandothermuscles,requiringanyonelivinginittoexerciseregularly.“Flavoristheprimarydriverformostdecisionssurroundingfoodintake，”saysRobinTucker,anassistantprofessorofnutritionscienceatMichiganStateUniversity.Floatingfreelycanweakenthesenseoftasteandsmell.Providingavarietyofseasonings(調味品)helpswiththat.NASAalsomakessuretheSpaceStationhascrewmembers'favoritesnacks.Themenuincludesgoodies,liketheoccasionalpizzaduringresupplyflights.However,deliverieswon'tbepossibleonamonth'slongtriptoMars,andrefrigeratorsandfreezersrequiretoomuchroomandenergytobepractical.Giventhatvitaminsandmineralsinpackagedmealsslowlybreakdown，NASAisresearchinghowastronautsmightgrowvegetables.Italsohasexperimentedwithsomethinglikea3Dprinterthatwouldcombinepowderedstarch(粉狀淀粉),protein,andfatwithmicronutrients,oil,andwatertomaketastyfood.Ashumansgoevenfartherintospace,suchideaswillensuretheyeatsomethinghealthier,fresher,andmoreacceptablethanwetandstickystuffsqueezedfromatube.文章大意：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了宇航員在太空中的飲食狀況。1．Whatdoestheauthorthinkofastronauts'foodbefore1981？DA．Itwastoodry.B．Itwasoriginal.C．Itwasunhealthy.D．Itwasunappealing.解析：推理推斷題。依據第一段中的“HisAmericancounter-parts(同行)enjoyedequallyunappetizingcuisineduringtheirtripstothemoon(他的美國同行在登月旅行中享受著同樣沒有吸引力的飯菜)”可推知，作者認為1981年以前宇航員的食物是沒有吸引力的。故選D。2．Whatinfluencesastronauts'foodconsumptioninspacemostaccordingtoRobinTucker？BA．Thefood'slook.B．Thefood'staste.C．Thefood'ssmell.D．Thefood'snutrition.解析：細微環節理解題。依據其次段中的“‘Flavoristheprimarydriverformostdecisionssurroundingfoodintake，’saysRobinTucker(羅賓·塔克說：‘味道是大多數食物攝入決策的主要驅動力。’)”可知，RobinTucker認為食物的味道對宇航員在太空中的食物消耗影響最大。故選B。3．Howmightspaceflightsaffectastronauts？CA．Theymightbecomeoverweight.B．Theyhavetotakeinfewerseasonings.C．Theymighthaveaweakenedsenseofsmell.D．TheyhavetodomoreexercisethanonEarth.解析：細微環節理解題。依據第三段第一句“Floatingfreelycanweakenthesenseoftasteandsmell.(自由漂移會減弱味覺和嗅覺。)”可知，太空飛行會導致宇航員的嗅覺減弱。故選C。4．WhatisNASAfocusingonatpresent？CA．Preventingthebreakdownofnutrientsinfood.B．SendingsuppliestothespaceshipsflyingtoMars.C．Enablingastronautstofeedthemselvesinspace.D．Increasingthevolumeoffreezersonspaceships.解析：推理推斷題。依據最終一段中的“NASAisresearching...maketastyfood.”可知，美國航天局正在探討宇航員如何種植蔬菜和用類似3D打印機的設備自己制作食物，由此可推知，美國航天局目前的重點是探討如何使宇航員能夠在太空中自食其力。故選C。Ⅱ.語法填空閱讀短文內容，在空白處填入1個適當的單詞或括號內單詞的正確形式。(2024·廣東省廣州市荔灣區協和中學高一下學期考試)XuYuanchong,atranslator1.known(know)athomeandabroadandaprofessorattheSchoolofJournalismandCommunicationofPekingUniversity,passedawayinBeijingonJune17,2024at2.theageof100.Bornin1921inNanchang,JiangxiProvince,afterstudyingforeign3.languages(language)atbothTheNationalSouthwestAssociatedUniveristyandTsinghuaUniversity,Xuhadbeenworking4.asaprofessoratPekingUniversitysince1983.Xudevoted5.himself(he)toliterarytranslationformorethan60years,whowas6.widely(wide)recognizedinChinaas“thefirstpersonabletotranslateChinese,EnglishandFrenchclassics”．HetranslatedChineseworksintoEnglishandFrench,andmajorwesternpublicationsintoChinese.Xuheldthebeliefthatthetranslatedversionshouldconveythewholesensory(感官的)experience7.that/whichtheoriginalbringstothereader.Throughthispursuitofrespectfortheauthors,Xu8.wasawarded(award)the“AuroraBorealis”PrizeforOutstandingTranslationofFictionLiteraturein2014,oneofthe9.highest(high)honorsinthefieldoftranslation.HewasthefirstChinesetranslator10.towin(win)suchanaward.文章大意：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了我國聞名的翻譯家許淵沖的生平以及在文學翻譯方面的巨大成就和貢獻。解析：1．考查非謂語動詞。句意：許淵沖是國內外知名的翻譯家和北京高校新聞與傳播學院的教授，于2024年6月17日在北京逝世，享年100歲。動詞know和translator之間是被動關系，應用過去分詞作后置定語。故填known。2.考查冠詞。attheageof...為固定搭配，意為“在……歲時”。故填the。3．考查名詞。句意：許在1921年誕生于江西南昌，先后在西南聯合高校和清華高校學習外語，1983年起在北京高校擔當教授。language“語言”，是可數名詞，此處應用復數表示泛指。故填languages。4.考查介詞。workas...為固定搭配，意為“作為……(身份)而工作”。故填as。5.考查代詞。句意：許從事文學翻譯工作60余年，被中國公認為“能翻譯中英法名著的第一人”。devoteoneselftosth為固定搭配，意為“致力于；投身于”。故填himself。6.考查詞性轉換。修飾動詞recognized，應用副詞作狀語。故填widely。7.考查定語從句的引導詞。設空處引導定語從句，修飾先行詞experience，且在從句中作賓語，應用that或which。故填that/which。8．考查動詞的時態、語態和主謂一樣。主語Xu和動詞award之間是被動關系，依據時間狀語in2014可知，此處應用一般過去時的被動語態，主語為單數。故填wasawarded。9.考查形容詞的最高級。依據設空后的“inthefieldoftranslation”可知，此處指“翻譯領域的最高榮譽之一”，應用形容詞最高級。故填highest。10.考查非謂語動詞。句意：他是第一個獲得該獎項的中國翻譯家。名詞translator前有序數詞修飾，應用動詞不定式作后置定語。故填towin。Ⅲ.讀后續寫閱讀下面材料，依據其內容和所給段落開頭語續寫兩段，使之構成一篇完整的短文。DrumsinSpaceBrendaBongoswashappy,artisticgirl,agirlwithonebigambition—toplaythedrumsinaband.Butonebigobstaclelayinherway.Tobegoodenoughtoplayinaband,Brendahadtopracticealot,butshelivednext-doortoalotofoldpeople—manyofthemweresick—inacarehome.Sheknewthatthesoundofbeatingdrumsandcrashingcymbals(鐃鈸)wouldreallymakethemmad.Brendawasaverygood,respectfulgirl.Shealwaystriedtofindawayofpracticingherdrumswithoutbotheringotherpeople.So,shehadtriedplayinginthestrangestplaces:abasement,akitchen,anattic,andeveninashower.Butitwasnogood;therewasalwayssomeoneitwouldannoy.However,determinedtopracticeasmuchasshecould,Brendaspentmostofhertimeplayingonbooksandboxes,andlookingfornewplacestopractice.Oneday,whilewatchingasciencedocumentaryonTV,sheheardthatsoundcannottravelinspace,becausethere'snoair.Atthatmoment,BrendaBongosdecidedtobecomeasortofmusicalastronaut.Withthehelpofalotoftime,alotofbooks,andalotofwork,Brendabuiltaspacebubble.Thiswasabigglassballconnectedtoamachinewhichsuckedoutalltheairinside.Allthatwouldbeleftinsidewasadrumkitandachair.Brendagotintothespacesuitshehadmade,enteredthebubble,turnedonthemachine,and...Sheplayedthosedrumslikeawildchild!Itwasn'tlongbeforeBrendaBongos—“TheMusicalAstronaut”—hadbecomeveryfamous.Somanypeoplecametoseeherplayinherspacebubblethatshehadtomountapairofspeakerssothateveryonecouldlistentoherplay.Shortlyafterwardsshecameoutofthebubble