必修5Unit1

Greatscientists單元話題導讀寫作詞匯confidentadj.自信的creativeadj.有創造力的outgoingadj.外向的beactivein積極從事于makeeffortstodosth.努力做某事beskilledinsth.在某方面熟練話題美句(1)逆境出人才。Adversitymakesamanwise,notrich.(2)他富有創意，提出了一些新的方法克服在研究中遇到的困難。Beingcreative,heputforwardsomenewwaystoovercomethedifficultieshecameacrossinhisresearch.(3)他經常強調成功的秘訣就是無論你正在做什么都要竭盡全力。Whatheoftenstressesisthatthekeytosuccessistomakeeffortswhateveryouaredoing.精雕玉琢用非謂語動詞改寫：(1)WhenNickisaskedaboutthesecretofhissuccess…When________aboutthesecretofhissuccess…(2)Hewasbornwithoutlimbs.Heusedtobemadefunofforlookinglikeamonster.________withoutlimbs,heusedtobemadefunofforlookinglikeamonster.asked

Born

精雕玉琢用what引導的名詞性從句完成句子：(3)使我們驚奇的是，他完成了大學教育，并獲得了雙學位。______________________isthathecompletedauniversityeducationandgottwodegrees.(4)老師經常強調的是我們要努力成為一名自信而又有創造力的人。____________________________isthatweshouldmakeeffortstobecomeaconfidentandcreativeperson.Whatsurprisedus

Whattheteacheroftenstresses

經典習題及優美范文假定你是紅星中學高三學生李華，你的英國學醫的朋友Jim想請你介紹中國科學家鐘南山。請你根據以下要點給Jim回信介紹鐘南山。內容包括：(1)中國最著名的科學家和醫生之一；(2)1936年出生在南京，畢業于北京醫學院，并于1979年出國進修；(3)2003年奮戰在抗擊“非典”第一線，2020年，84歲高齡的他，再戰武漢新型肺炎防疫最前線。DearJim，IammorethangladtointroduceZhongNanshantoyou.ZhongNanshanisoneofthepremiermedicalscientistsanddoctorsinChina.HewasborninNanjingin1936andgraduatedfromBeijingMedicalCollege.Then,in1979,hewentabroadforfurthereducation.Thisordinarybutgreatmanhasbeenworkinginthemedicalfieldforover50years.In2003ZhongNanshanfoughtinthebattleagainsttheSARSepidemic.Now,in2020,ZhongNanshan,althoughaged84,isstillfightingonthefrontlineagainstthenovelcoronaviruswhichspreadinWuhan,HubeiProvince.Duetohisgreatcontributions,hedeservestherespectofalltheChinese.HopeyoucanlearnmoreaboutChinesescientists.Yours,LiHua單元基礎精測重點單詞※

核心詞匯1.________vt.照顧；護理；出席；參加2.________vt.吸收；吸引；使專心3.________vt.責備；譴責n．指責；責備

4.________vt.打敗；戰勝；使受挫n．失敗5.________vt.治愈；治療n．治愈；痊愈

6.________vt.向……挑戰n．挑戰7.________vt.處理；操縱n．柄；把手attend

absorb

blame

defeat

curechallenge

handle

重點單詞※

擴展詞匯8．________vt.&vi.結束；推斷出→__________n．結束；結尾；結論9．________vt.暴露；揭露；使曝光

→________adj裸露的；暴露的10．________vt.宣布；通告→____________n．宣布；通告11．________vt.&vi.捐獻；貢獻；捐助→____________n．捐獻；貢獻；捐助conclude

conclusion

expose

exposed

announce

announcement

contribute

contribution

重點單詞12．________vt.命令；指示；教導→__________n．教育；說明；指導；教訓→__________adj.富有教益的；有啟發的13．________vt.建設；修建；創建→____________n．建設；建筑物14．______________n．特征；特性→________n．特性；性格；人物；文字15．________adj.嚴重的；劇烈的；嚴厲的→________adv.嚴重地；嚴格地；嚴厲地instruct

instruction

instructive

construct

construction

characteristic

character

severe

severely

重點單詞16．________adj.小心的；謹慎的→________n．小心；謹慎；告誡17．________adj.熱情的；熱心的→____________n．熱情；熱心cautious

caution

enthusiastic

enthusiasm

重點單詞※

閱讀詞匯18．suspect

vt. ______

19．reject

vt. ______________________20．investigate

vt.&vi._______21．positive

adj. ___________________________22．victim

n． _______懷疑拒絕；

不接受；

拋棄調查積極的；

肯定的；

確實的受害者

常用短語1.對……嚴格 ____________________

2.得出結論 ____________________3.使……暴露于……中 ____________________4.講得通；有意義 ____________________5.putforward ____________________6.link…to…

__________________________7.apartfrom ____________________8.contributeto…

____________________bestrictwith…

drawaconclusionexpose…to…

makesense

提出將……和……聯系或連接起來除……之外；此外對……做貢獻

經典句式1.Neitheritscause____________itscurewasunderstood.(Neither…nor…)2．Somanythousandsofterrifiedpeopledied______________(每次)therewasanoutbreak.(everytime作連詞引導時間狀語從句)3．___________________________(只有你把太陽放在那兒)didthemovementsoftheotherplanetsintheskymakesense.(onlyif置于句首使用部分倒裝)nor

everytime

Onlyifyouputthesunthere

單元要點突破1．concludevt.&

vi.結束；推斷出【考點激活】①Researchersdrewan______________(conclude)thattheFrenchtendtostopeatingwhentheyfeelfull.研究者得出結論：法國人往往在感覺到飽時停止吃飯。【知識建構】Idrawaconclusionfromhisspeechthatfirstaidisveryuseful.從他的報告中我得出了一個結論：急救非常有用。Inconclusion,walkingisacheap,safe,enjoyableandreadilyavailableformofexercise.總而言之，散步是一種廉價、安全、愉快且容易的鍛煉方式，而且隨時隨地都可以進行。【舉一反三】表示“總而言之”的表達還有：inshort,inbrief,inaword,allinall,tosumup,briefly(speaking),onthewhole等【多維訓練】◆語法填空Mr.Whitedeliveredalectureyesterday.Init,hemadeaconclusion②________itisimportanttoconcentrateonwhatisbeingdone.Heconcludedthelecture③________ajoke.④____________conclusion,hislecturewasverygood.◆翻譯句子⑤總之，我們從這個活動受益匪淺。_________________________________________________【答案】①conclusion

②that

③with

④In⑤Inconclusion,wehavebenefitedfromtheactivity.2．attendvt.照顧；

護理；

出席；

參加【考點激活】①AndIevenjoinedthelocalfishingclubandstarted____________(attend)themonthlymeetings.而且我甚至加入了當地的釣魚俱樂部，并且開始參加每月的聚會。(1)attendameeting/alecture/awedding/school/church參加會議/聽講座/參加婚禮/上學/做禮拜attendto護理；傾聽；專心于；照料attendon/uponsb.伺候某人；照顧某人(2)attendance

n．出席；到場；參加【知識建構】HisDadcouldn’taffordtheboardatcollege,soDalehadtoridehorseback12milestoattendclasses.戴爾的父親沒有錢付他的大學寄宿膳食的錢，他不得不騎馬12英里去上學。【詞義辨析】attend表示出席或參加會議、儀式、典禮；也可表示上課、上學、聽報告等join表示加入某一組織，并成為其中的一員，如加入黨派、組織、社團、俱樂部等，其賓語也可以是人joinin表示參加正在進行的小型活動，也可用于joinsb.in(doing)sth.，表示加入某人一起做某事takepartin表示參加活動，側重說明主語參加并在其中發揮一定的作用，part前若有修飾語，前面要用不定冠詞a/an，如takeanactivepartin意為“積極參加”【舉一反三】attendto作“處理”講時，與do(deal)with近義；作“照顧”講時，與takecareof,lookafter近義【多維訓練】◆寫出下列句中attend的含義②Youknow，myuncleLiMingisgoingtothecitywhereyoulivetoattendaninternationalmeeting.__________③Afterhighschool,Jenniferattendedalocaltechnicalcollege,workingtopayhertuition(學費).______④Thepatientsarewellattendedinthehospital.__________◆完成句子⑤她因伺候生病的婆婆三十多年而受到人們的稱贊。Shewaspraisedfor______________________________foroverthirtyyears.【答案】①attending/toattend

②出席③參加；上④照顧；護理⑤havingattendedon/uponhersickmother-in-law3．exposevt.暴露；揭露；使曝光【考點激活】①Andthemorebirds______________(expose)tolight,themoreactivetheyareatnight.而且鳥兒接觸的光越多，它們在晚上就變得越活躍。(1)exposeto使顯露；暴露(be)exposedto…暴露于……；處于……危險中(2)exposesth.tosb.向某人揭發某事exposesb.tosth.使某人接觸到某物；使面臨；使遭受【知識建構】Wewanttoexposethekidstoasmuchartandcultureaspossible.我們想讓孩子們受到盡可能多的藝術和文化熏陶。【易錯點津】在exposeto以及beexposedto結構中，to為介詞，其后要用名詞、代詞或動名詞。◆同義句轉換⑤Shehasthecouragetoexposeherselftothedangers.→Shehasthecourageto____________________________thedangers.【答案】①areexposed

②Beingexposed

③exposed

④playing

⑤beexposedto4．absorbvt.吸收；吸引；使專心【考點激活】①____________(absorb)inmywork,Isimplyforgotfoodandsleep.我專心于工作，幾乎忘記了吃飯和睡覺。(1)absorb…into…把……吸收進……absorb/attract/drawone’sattention吸引某人的注意(2)absorbed

adj.全神貫注的be/getabsorbedin…全神貫注于……【知識建構】IgetsoabsorbedindoingsomethingthatIamunawareofthingshappeningroundme.我做事太過專心以至于對周圍發生的事情絲毫未察覺。【舉一反三】表示“全神貫注”的常見短語還有：belostin…專心致志于……beburiedin…埋頭于……bedevotedto…致力于……；專心于……beinvolvedin…專注于……focus/concentrateon…專心于……；專注于……

【答案】①Absorbed

②Absorbed/Lost/Buried/Involved

③Devoted

④Focusing/Concentrating5．blamevt.責備；譴責；把……歸咎于n．過失；責備【考點激活】①Whilewecan’tchangethebodytypewearebornwith,wecan’tblameourgenes________makingusfat.雖然我們不能改變與生俱來的體型，我們也不能把發胖的原因歸咎于基因。(1)blamesb.for(doing)sth.因(做)某事而責備某人blamesth.onsb./sth.把某事歸咎于某人/某事betoblame(for…)應承擔(……)責任；該(因……)受責備(2)accept/bear/taketheblameforsth.對某事負責；承擔責任put/laytheblameforsth.onsb.把某事歸咎于某人身上

【知識建構】Thegovernmentwillhavetotaketheblamefortheriots.政府將不得不對騷亂承擔責任。【易錯點津】在betoblame(for…)結構中，常使用不定式的主動形式表被動意義。如：Itisthedriverthatistoblamefortheaccident.司機為事故負責。【多維訓練】◆語法填空Thedriverlaidtheblamefortheaccident②________thepassenger,whilethepolicemanblamedthedriver③________itatfirst.Butafteracarefulinvestigation,thebadweatherwas④________(blame)forit.◆翻譯句子⑤警方把事故原因歸咎于危險駕駛。_________________________________________________【答案】①for

②on

③for

④toblame⑤Policeareblamingtheaccidentondangerousdriving.6．contributevt.&

vi.捐款；貢獻；捐助【考點激活】①Theachievementofaparticulargoalmakesyoufeelgoodandcontributes________yourconfidence.某一特定目標的實現會讓人感覺良好并有助于增強自信心。(1)contributeto…

(to為介詞)為……做出貢獻；有助于……；導致……contribute…把某物捐獻給……(2)contribution

n．捐獻；貢獻；投稿makeacontribution/contributionsto/toward(s)…對……做出貢獻【知識建構】Thesemeasureswouldmakeavaluablecontributiontoreducingpollution.這些措施將會對減少污染起重要的作用。Theorganizationcontributed$10,000totheearthquakefund.這個組織向地震基金捐贈了一萬美元。【舉一反三】表示導致的動詞(短語)還有：cause,leadto,bringabout,resultin等【多維訓練】◆語法填空Manywarm-heartedpeoplecontributedmoney②____________thechildreninearthquake-hitareas，whichcontributedto③____________(rebuild)theirhomes.Reporterswrotestoriesaboutthisand④____________(contribute)themtodifferentnewspapers.Inconclusion,allpeoplemade⑤____________(contribute)tohelpthesurvivors.◆完成句子⑥最后，一些好的英語學習網站也對提高我的英語起了很大作用。Finally,somegoodEnglishstudywebsites________________inEnglish.【答案】①to

②to

③rebuilding

④contributed⑤contributions⑥contributealottomyimprovement1．putforward提出(建議)；提前；將(鐘表等)向前撥【考點激活】賞句猜義①Itendtoacceptanyideaput_forwardbyexpertsonTV. (

)②We’veputtheweddingforwardbyoneweek. (

)③Consideringhisqualities,I’llput_forwardTomasthenewmanager. (

)④Remembertoputyourclocksforwardtonight. (

)putdown寫下；鎮壓；放下putaway/aside放在一邊；收拾起來；儲存putin寫進(信函、故事等)；添上；插入putoff延期；推遲putout熄滅；生產putup舉起；粘貼；建立；提供食宿putupwith容忍；忍受putthrough接通電話；完成；使經受【知識建構】Atthelastmoment,Tomdecidedtoputinanewcharactertomakethestoryseemmorelikely.在最后的時刻，湯姆決定添加一個新人物，以使故事顯得更真實。Maryisreallygoodattakingnotesinclass.Shecanputdownalmosteverywordherteachersays.瑪麗確實很擅長在課堂上做筆記。她幾乎能記下老師說的每一句話。⑦Withthehelpofthefirefighters,thefire________________soon.⑧Becauseofthebadweather,thesportsmeeting__________yesterday.【答案】①提出②提前③推薦④撥快/向前撥⑤hasputforward

⑥putaside

⑦wasputout⑧hasbeen/wasputoff2．apartfrom除……之外；此外【考點激活】①I’vefinished_________________thelastquestion.除了最后一道題，我全做完了。(1)apartfrom除了……外(都)；除了……外(還)；此外；加之(2)take…apart把……拆開tell…apart區分……；辨別……【知識建構】Thetwothingsareveryhardtotellapart.這兩樣東西很難區別。Takeapartthepiecesbeforeputtingthetoysaway.玩具拿開放好前先將它拆成一件件的。【詞義辨析】apartfrom“除……外(別無)”時相當于except/but；但apartfrom還有“除……以外(還)”之意，相當于besidesexcept/exceptfor側重于細節上的修正besides“除了……還”(包括其后的賓語)；另外，besides還可以作副詞，“并且，而且”，與inaddition同義【知識建構】【多維訓練】◆用與sense相關的短語填空I②___________thearticle,butIthinkit③__________.④______________，somerulesinthearticleareagainst⑤________________.Thus,⑥________________shouldyoufollowthem,because⑦________________believingwhateveriswrong.◆翻譯句子⑧我能夠理解這個專家關于急救的報告。_________________________________________________1．Onlyifyouputthesuntheredidthemovementsoftheotherplanetsintheskymakesense.只有當你把太陽放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的運動才能夠講得通。only＋狀語/狀語從句引導的倒裝結構【句型提煉】(1)“only＋狀語/狀語從句”放在句首時，句子或主句要使用部分倒裝，即把助動詞、情態動詞或系動詞be放在主語之前。(2)“only＋if從句”意為“只有，只要”，用于陳述事實或必要的條件，比if所表達的語氣更強烈；onlyif位于句首時，其后的主句要進行部分倒裝。【句型剖析】Onlyifateacherhasgivenpermissionisastudentallowedtoleavetheclassroom.學生只有得到老師的許可才能離開教室。【易錯點津】(1)若only修飾的是主語，即使放在句首也不用倒裝。(2)only＋狀語/狀語從句，只要是位于一個分句之首，就要進行部分倒裝，這個分句不一定位于最前面。【多維訓練】◆用倒裝結構改寫句子①Ifyoudothejob,youshouldbecautious._________________________________________________②Whenhismotherinstructedhim,herealizedhewaswrong._________________________________________________③Byanalyzingtheproblem,hefoundacluetodealwithit._________________________________________________◆翻譯句子④你只有信守諾言，才能贏得別人的信任。_________________________________________________【答案】①Onlyifyoudothejobshouldyoubecautious.②Onlywhenhismotherinstructedhimdidherealizehewaswrong.③Onlybyanalyzingtheproblemdidhefindacluetodealwithit.④Onlyifyoukeepyourpromisecanyouwinthetrustofothers.2．Somanythousandsofterrifiedpeoplediedeverytimetherewasanoutbreak.每次爆發霍亂時，都有成千上萬驚恐的人病死。everytime引導的時間狀語從句【句型提煉】句中everytime引導時間狀語從句，相當于whenever，表示“每當”。名詞詞組作連詞用，引導時間狀語從句的還有：eachtime每當……的時候nexttime下次the＋day(week,month,year)這一天/星期/月/年【句型剖析】the＋序數詞＋time第……次the＋瞬間名詞(moment/minute/instant)一……就……Everytimelightmovesintoamaterialwithanewspeed,itbendsandscatters.每次光線以新的速度進入一種物質，都會發生彎曲和散射。Wealljumpedupthemoment/theminute/theinstanttheteacherannouncedtheresult.老師一宣布結果，我們都跳起來。【多維訓練】◆完成句子①________________________________(每次我走進她的房間),shewassohappybecauseshethoughtIwasherdaughter.②Thesuspectranaway___________________________(他一看到警察)．③____________________________(第一次放煙火)Ifeltveryexcited.◆翻譯句子④每當我在困難面前想要放棄時，我就會想到司馬遷。_________________________________________________【答案】①EverytimeIcameintoherroom②themoment/theinstant/theminutehesawthepoliceman③ThefirsttimeIsetofffireworks④EverytimeIwantedtogiveupwhenmeetingdifficulty,IwouldthinkofSimaQian.寫作技能遞升一、單元核心考點語篇填空閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當的單詞或括號內單詞的正確形式。Whenthe1.________(construct)ofthefireworkfactorycametothestageofpainting,apumpwasputin.Then,allthepaintersintheneighbourhood2.________(defeat)byaseverediseasewhosecharacteristicwasaliketo3.________ofabadburn.Anexpertphysicianwasinstructedtoattend4.________thevictimsandhandlethiscase.Hewasenthusiastic,buthedidn’tforeseethatitwasa5.________(challenge)task.Aftersimpleenquiry,heannouncedthatthepollutedpaintwas6.________(blame).Butwithoutpositiveevidence,peoplesuspectedandrejectedhisview,sayingthetheoryheputforward7.________(make)nosense.Beingmuchmorestrictwithhimself,hecontributedhimselftothecase.Apartfrommakingenquiries,hemadedetailedchartsandanalysedthedata8.________(cautious).Finally,hedrewascientificconclusion,linkingthediseasetotheradiuminthepump9.________(expose)toradium,akindofradioactivematerialin10.________universe,peopleabsorbedradiationandgotsickimmediately.Spinningthepumpbackward,hetookawaytheradium.Thissimplemovementcuredallthevictims.【答案】

2.weredefeated

5．challenging

6.toblame

9．exposed

②我們從調查中推斷出95%的學生支持這個建議。We_______________________________95percentofourstudentssupporttheadvice.【答案】②concludefromthesurveythat③游泳是一種很好的促進健康和體質的鍛煉形式。Swimmingisagoodformofexercisethat______________________________________________________________________________________________.【答案】③contributestoourhealthandstrength④除此以外，每次一些學生在游泳池游泳，就會給其他人在操場上留出更多空間。________________that,______________________somestudentsswiminthepool,it_______________________________intheplaygroundareas.【答案】④Apartfrom;everytime;makesmoreroomforothers⑤我們會為修建游泳池竭盡全力募款。Wewouldtryourbesttocollectmoneytohelppayfor___________________________________________________.【答案】⑤theconstructionoftheswimmingpool⑥因為游泳池有利于大部分學生，所以修建游泳池是有意義的。__________________________________________________asitwillbenefitmoststudents.【答案】⑥Itmakessensetobuildaswimmingpool2．按要求升級句式⑦用分詞作定語升級句③_________________________________________________【答案】Swimmingisagoodformofexercisecontributingtoourhealthandstrength.3．巧妙銜接成美文(注意使用適當的過渡銜接詞匯：tobeginwith,finally,inconclusion)_________________________________________________【答案】DearMr.Brown，Onbehalfofthestudentsinourschool,I’dliketopresentouradvice.Theadviceweputforwardisthattheschoolshouldhaveaswimmingpoolconstructedattheemptyplacebesidetheplayground.Weconcludefromthesurveythat95percentofourstudentssupporttheadvice.Tobeginwith,swimmingisagoodformofexercisecontributingtoourhealthandstrength.Apartfromthat,everytimesomestudentsswiminthepool,itmakesmoreroomforothersinth