語法專題突破專題十一

特殊句式英語增素能?精準突破[真題語境]1.(2019·天津卷)Theprofessorwarnedthestudentsthatonnoaccount______usemobilephonesinhisclass.

A.shouldthey B.theyshouldC.darethey D.theydare2.(2018·天津卷)Itwasonlywhenthecarpulledupinfrontofourhouse______wesawLilyinthepassengerseat.

A.which B.that C.when D.whereAB3.(2018·天津3月卷)Whatwasit______broughtyoutwotogether?Wasityourloveofmusic?

A.as B.who

C.that D.which4.(2017·天津卷)ItwaswhenIgotbacktomyapartment______Ifirstcameacrossmynewneighbors.

A.who B.whereC.which D.thatCD[用法點撥]一、倒裝1.完全倒裝(1)表示時間或方位的副詞now、then、in、out、up、down、here、there、off、away等位于句首,且句子主語是名詞時,句子用完全倒裝語序。Nowcomesyourturn.現在輪到你了。Theregoesthebell.鈴響了。(2)表示位置的介詞短語位于句首時,句子用完全倒裝語序。Atthecenterofthehallstandsastatue.大廳的中央有一座雕像。(3)such位于句首時,構成“such+be+主語”句式。Suchismydream.這就是我的夢想。Sucharethefacts.事實就是如此。2.部分倒裝(1)“only+狀語(副詞、介詞短語、從句)”位于句首時,句子(主句)用部分倒裝語序。Onlywhenyouhavegrownupwillyourealizetheimportanceofhardwork.只有當你長大的時候,你才會意識到努力的重要性。(2)否定副詞、介詞短語位于句首時,句子用部分倒裝語序。常見的這類表示否定含義的副詞和介詞短語有little、never、seldom、hardly、neither、nor、rarely、scarcely、atnotime、innocase、innoway、bynomeans、under/innocircumstances、onnocondition等。NeverbeforehaveIexperiencedsucharomantictrip.(=I'veneverexperiencedsucharomantictrip.)我從未體驗過如此浪漫的旅行。BynomeanswillIgiveupmygoal.(=I'llbynomeansgiveupmygoal.)我決不會放棄我的目標。(3)“notuntil+時間狀語”位于句首時,句子(主句)用部分倒裝語序。NotuntilhetoldmethenewsdidIknowwhathadhappened.直到他告訴我這條消息,我才知道發生的事情。(4)在such/so...that...句式中,當“such+n.”或“so+adj./adv.”位于句首時,主句用部分倒裝語序。SotouchingwasthefilmthatIcouldn'tholdbackmytears.這部電影如此感人,我忍不住流下了眼淚。Sofastdoeshespeakthatwecanhardlyfollowhim.他說得那么快,我們幾乎跟不上他(講的話)。(5)在notonly...butalso...句式中,notonly位于句首時,它所在的分句用部分倒裝語序。NotonlycanhespeakEnglish,hecanalsospeakFrench.他不僅會講英語,還會講法語。(6)在nosooner...than...和hardly...when...句式中,當nosooner和hardly位于句首時,其后的句子用過去完成時的倒裝結構。HardlyhadIfinishedthepaperwhenmybossaskedmetohavethematerialsprinted.我剛完成文稿,老板就讓我把材料印出來。3.形式倒裝

注意:How+adj.+a(n)+單數名詞!=What+a(n)+adj.+單數名詞!Whatanexcitinggame/Howexcitingagameitis!一場多么激動人心的比賽啊!(2)“the+比較級...,the+比較級...”句式。Theharderyouwork,thegreaterprogressyouwillmake.你越刻苦,你取得的進步越大。(3)whatever/however...等引導的讓步狀語從句。Whateverreasonsyoumayhave,youmustfinishitbeforethedeadline.不管你有什么理由,你都必須在最后期限前完成它。(4)as/though引導的讓步狀語從句只把表語形容詞、名詞(省略冠詞)和助動詞、情態動詞的動詞原形提前。Childasheis,hehasasenseofresponsibility.雖然是個孩子,但他有責任感。Tryashemight,hedidn'tmakeit.盡管他嘗試過,但他沒有成功。二、強調強調句型的基本結構:1.陳述句:Itis/was+被強調部分+that(指人可用who)+其他成分。2.一般疑問句:Is/Wasit+被強調部分+that(指人可用who)+其他成分?3.特殊疑問句:特殊疑問詞+is/was+that+其他成分?4.強調“notuntil+時間狀語”:Itis/wasnotuntil...that+其他成分。Itwasmyfatherthat/whoencouragedmetokeepontrying.是我的父親鼓勵我繼續嘗試。Wasityesterdaythatyoucameacrossher?你是昨天碰到她的嗎?ItwasnotuntilIgraduatedfromcollegethatIbegantoreflectonmyfuture.直到大學畢業,我才開始思考我的未來。Wherewasitthatyoufoundyourlostwatch?你丟失的表是在什么地方找到的?三、省略1.不定式中的省略(1)為了避免重復,有時不定式中的主要動詞可以省略,只留下to這個不定式符號。Iaskedhimtogowithme,buthedidn'twantto.我讓他和我一起去,但他不想去。Ididn'twanttogothere,butIhadto.我不想去那里,但是我不得不去。—Willyoujoininthegame?你愿意加入這個游戲嗎?—I'dbegladto.我很高興加入。(2)當有兩個或更多不定式并列使用時,通常只在第一個不定式前加to,在后面的不定式前to常可省略,但如果二者有對比關系,每個不定式前都應帶to。Weoughttoreadmoreandhavemorepractice.我們應多讀多練習。Togoornottogo,it'saquestion.去還是不去,這是一個問題。(3)使役動詞之后,要用原形不定式作賓語補足語,也就是省略不定式符號to。Lethimgo.讓他走。Leaveitbe.順其自然。2.從句中的省略(1)在時間、條件、方式、讓步等狀語從句中,當從句的主語和主句的主語一致或從句的主語為it,且從句的謂語為系動詞be或謂語中含有be動詞時,可將從句的主語和be一起省略。Don'tspeakuntil(youare)spokento.有人對你說話時你再說。Cometomorrowif(itis)possible.可能的話就明天來吧。Shestoodatthegateasif(shewas)waitingforsomeone.她站在門口好像在等人。(2)定語從句的省略限制性定語從句中作賓語的關系代詞that、which、whom常可以省略。Theway(that/which)heexplainedtouswasquitesimple.他向我們解釋的那種方法很簡單。四、附加疑問句1.常見的附加疑問句類別例句陳述部分含must(必須)時,附加疑問部分用needn't;陳述部分含mustn't(禁止,不允許)時,附加疑問部分用must/mayYoumustgonow,needn'tyou?你現在必須去,是嗎?Youmustn'tsmokehere,must/mayyou?你別在這里抽煙,行嗎?陳述部分含“must/may(might)+do(表推測)”時,可將句子改為“Iamsure/guess+that從句”,附加疑問部分的動詞根據that從句的謂語動詞形式而定Youmustbehungrynow,aren'tyou?→Iamsurethatyouarehungrynow,aren'tyou?你現在肯定很餓,是不是?類別例句陳述部分含musthavedone表推測時,若無時間狀語,用haven't的某種形式;若有表過去的時間狀語,則用didn'tItmusthaverained,hasn'tit?一定下雨了,是嗎?Itmusthaverainedlastnight,didn'tit?昨晚一定下雨了,是不是?陳述部分帶有seldom、hardly、scarcely、never、few、little、nothing、nobody等時,附加疑問部分的助動詞用肯定形式Hecouldhardlywalkwithoutastick,couldhe?他沒拐杖幾乎不能走路,是嗎?陳述部分有由表“否定”意義的前綴構成的詞時,附加疑問部分用否定形式Tomdislikesplayingtennis,doesn'the?湯姆不喜歡打網球,是嗎?It'sunfair,isn'tit?這不公平,對吧?類別例句陳述部分含有usedto時,附加疑問部分用usedn't或didn't均可Youusedtosleepwiththewindowsopen,usedn't/didn'tyou?你過去常常開著窗戶睡覺,是嗎?陳述部分含有oughtto,附加疑問部分用oughtn't或shouldn't均可Heoughttoattendthelecture,oughtn't/shouldn'the?他應該去參加這個演講,是嗎?2.賓語從句的附加疑問句

類別附加疑問部分例句普通賓語從句反問主句Hesaidthathewouldcometomybirthdayparty,didn'the?他說他要來參加我的生日聚會,是嗎?主句謂語動詞為think、believe、suppose、guess、expect、imagine等主語為第一人稱反問從句Idon'tbelievehewillsucceed,willhe?我認為他不會成功,他會吧?主語為第二、三人稱反問主句Tomdoesn'tbelieveJackwillsucceed,doeshe?湯姆不相信杰克能成功,對嗎?3.祈使句的附加疑問句

類別附加疑問部分例句否定祈使句willyouDon'tbelate,willyou?不要遲到,好嗎?肯定祈使句will/won'tyouOpenthedoor,will/won'tyou?打開門,好嗎?Let's...shallweLet'sgooutforawalk,shallwe?我們出去散步,好嗎?Letus...willyouLetusgohomenow,willyou?現在讓我們回家,好嗎?測效果·課堂評價一、練基礎:單項填空1.(2022·天津濱海重點學校高三一模)Wecouldhavesometeststoseewhat,______,iswrong,andseewhetherwecandosomethingtofixit.

A.whennecessary B.thoughenoughC.ifanything D.aspossible2.(2021·天津南開模擬)Mrs.Greendoesn'tbelievethathersonisabletodesignautomobiles,______?

A.ishe B.isn'theC.doesn'tshe D.doessheCD3.Isitheoryou______inchargeofthejobandsupposedtocompleteitpunctually?

A.whois B.thatis

C.whoare D.whomare4.Neverbefore______suchamovingfilm!

A.didIsee B.haveIseenC.Ihaveseen D.Ihadseen5.Aroundthispoint______,whichishumorousandfullofastronglocalflavor.

A.thestorydevelops

B.doesthestorydevelopC.developsthestory

D.thestorydevelopedCBC6.Notuntiltheendoftheperformance______thechancetotakephotoswiththerespectableactor.

A.theaudiencegotB.theaudiencehadgotC.didtheaudiencegetD.hadtheaudiencegot7.Oncehemakesuphismindtodosomething,seldom______giveitup.

A.hewill B.doesheC.wouldhe D.willhe8.Itwasmidnight______Igothomefromthelongdrivelastnight.

A.when B.thatC.while D.thoughCDA9.Youcan'timagine______wehadwhenwemeteightyearsafterourgraduation.

A.whatinterestingtalkB.whataninterestingtalkC.howinterestingthetalkD.howinterestingtalk10.Justaswewereabouttostartoff,______inthesky.

A.appeartheresomeblackcloudsB.thereappearsomeblackcloudsC.someblackcloudsthereappearD.theresomeblackcloudsappearBB11.______difficulttheproblemmaybe,wemustworkitoutthisevening.

A.Whatever B.HoweverC.What D.How12.Onlywhenyouareawayfromyourfamily______theimportanceofstayingwithyourparents.

A.youwillfind B.willyoufindC.haveyoufound D.youhavefound13.Nosooner______totherailwaystationthanthetrain______.

A.hadIgot;left B.Ihadgot;leftC.didIget;hadleft D.Igot;hadleftBBA14.—Ican'trideabicycle,andIwillneverlearnhowto.—______.

A.EithercanI B.NeitherwillIC.Soit'swithme D.Isitthesamewithme15.Hemusthaveknownthetruth,______?

A.mustn'the B.haven'theC.hasn'the D.can'theCC二、練語篇:閱讀表達(2021·天津河西二模)WhenKatieStaglianowas9yearsold,shewasgivenaclassprojecttogrowherfirstcabbagefromjustoneseed.Shetookithomeandplanteditinthebackcornerofherhomegarden.Itdidn'teventakealongtimetocomeupandbegintogrow.Butasfriendscameover,theypointedoutthatitwasbiggerthananyoftheirs.Theyaskedherwhatshedidandshejusttoldthemthatshewaterediteveryday.Thecabbageendedupweighing40pounds!Katiethendecidedthatshecouldusethiscabbagetodosomethingniceforthecommunity.Soshetookthehugecabbagetoalocalsoupkitchen(施舍處),wheretheyusedit,andcookeditwithhamandrice.Andbecauseofhercabbage,275peoplewerefed.Shebegantorealizethatgardeningandhelpingpeopleiswhatshelikestodomost.So,shedecidedtostartherfirstgardenonaplotoflanddonatedbyherschool.Now,just9yearslater,Katieis18yearsold,andhassetupherownbusinesscalled“Katie'sKrops”withthehelpofherfriends.Butthisdoesn'tevencomeclosetotheotheramazingpart.Shehasraisedover200,000dollars!Andthereareover100Katie'sKropswithin33statesintheUnitedStates.Shelovesgardeningandlovesinspiringotherchildrentoexperiencethejoyofgardeningaswell.NotonlydoesKatiehaveagreenthumb,butshehassomuchdeterminationandthe