任務23家禽的免疫接種Task23Vaccinationofpoultry一、飲水免疫Drinkingwaterimmunization二、噴霧免疫Spray

immunization12目錄三、注射免疫Injectionimmunization34四、點眼滴鼻Intraocular-nasalimmunization

5五、刺種Punctureimmunization

一、飲水免疫

Drinkingwaterimmunization

Part01

飲水免疫是指將疫苗混合到一定量的井水或涼開水中，在短時間內飲完的一種免疫方法。Drinkingwaterimmunizationreferstoanimmunizationmethodthatmixesthevaccinewithacertainamountofwellwaterorcoldboiledwaterandfinishesdrinkingitinashorttime.依據雞的不同日齡計算飲水量，例如，30日齡~60日齡雞的飲水量一般為10~20毫升／只，成雞飲水量一般為120-30毫升／只。Theamountofdrinkingwateriscalculatedaccordingtotheageofchickens.Forexample,theamountofdrinkingwaterfor30-60dayoldchickensisgenerally10-20ml/chicken,andtheamountofdrinkingwaterforadultchickensisgenerally120-30ml/chicken.

一、飲水免疫Drinkingwaterimmunization

注意事項：Mattersneedingattention：1、飲水免疫前后3~5天內不能消毒，前后2天內，在飲水或飼料中不應含有添加任何影響免疫系統和抗病毒的藥物成分，以免影響免疫效果。Drinkingwatershouldnotbedisinfectedwithin3-5daysbeforeandafterimmunization.Within2daysbeforeandafterimmunization,drinkingwaterorfeedshouldnotcontainanydrugingredientsthataffecttheimmunesystemandantiviral,soasnottoaffecttheimmuneeffect.2、飲水器要清潔，不用含氯的自來水。Drinkingfountainsshouldbecleananddonotusechlorinatedtapwater.3、為確保免疫效果，飲水免疫前要根據季節不同停水2~4小時，并掌握飲水量，稀釋后的疫苗在2小時內飲完，疫苗應現配現用。Inordertoensuretheimmuneeffect,stopdrinkingwaterfor2-4hoursaccordingtodifferentseasonsbeforeimmunization,andmastertheamountofdrinkingwater.Thedilutedvaccineshouldbedrunkwithin2hours,andthevaccineshouldbepreparedandusednow.4、為提高免疫效果，可在飲水中加入0.2%脫脂奶粉。Inordertoimprovetheimmuneeffect,0.2%skimmedmilkpowdercanbeaddedtothedrinkingwater.

一、飲水免疫Drinkingwaterimmunization二、噴霧免疫Part02Sprayimmunization噴霧免疫是主要用于呼吸道疫病的免疫，即將疫苗稀釋后，用特制的噴霧器在禽舍內對雞群進行噴霧，使雞在呼吸時吸進疫苗，從而達到免疫目的。Sprayimmunizationismainlyusedfortheimmunizationofrespiratorydiseases,thatis,afterthevaccineisdiluted,useaspecialspraytospraythechickensinthepoultryhouse,sothatthechickenscanbreathethevaccine,soastoachievethepurposeofimmunization.

二、噴霧免疫

Sprayimmunization注意事項：Mattersneedingattention：1、噴霧前將門窗關嚴，停止使用抽風機，噴霧20～30分鐘后，方可開窗。Beforespray,closethedoorsandwindowstightly,stopusingtheexhaustfan,andopenthewindow20~30minutesafterspray.2、手持噴頭口向雞群均勻噴霧，噴頭距雞群1~1.2米，使雞舍形成良好的局部霧化區。Holdthenozzlemouthtosprayevenlytothechickens,andthenozzleis1~1.2metersawayfromthechickens,soastoformagoodlocalatomizationareainthechickenhouse.3、當雞群有慢性呼吸道疫病時，不能用此法，否則會誘導發病。Whenchickenshavechronicrespiratorydiseases,thismethodcannotbeused,otherwiseitwillinducedisease.

二、噴霧免疫

Sprayimmunization三、注射免疫Part03Injectionimmunization注射法分為肌肉注射和皮下注射，主要用于新城疫I系苗、禽流感疫苗等免疫接種。肌肉注射可取翅膀肩關節附近或胸部肌肉豐滿處；皮下注射可選擇大腿外測、頸后兩翅間或翅內側皮下，以頸部皮下注射為最好。Injectionmethodsaredividedintointramuscularinjectionandsubcutaneousinjection,whicharemainlyusedforimmunizationagainstNewcastlediseaseIvaccineandavianinfluenzavaccine.Intramuscularinjectioncanbetakenneartheshoulderjointofthewingorthebreastmusclefullness;Subcutaneousinjectioncanchoosethighexternaltest,betweenthetwowingsbehindtheneckorinsidethewings,andsubcutaneousinjectionintheneckisthebest.

三、注射免疫

Injectionimmunization注意事項：Mattersneedingattention：1、接種部位要正確。頸部皮下注射部位，應在頸后段1/3處皮下，如注射到頸部的肌肉內，則引起雞縮頸、精神不振，采食下降，消瘦等，如注射部位靠頭部，則引起雞的腫頭。Theinoculationsiteshouldbecorrect.Thesubcutaneousinjectionsiteoftheneckshouldbesubcutaneousat1/3oftheposteriorsegmentoftheneck.Ifitisinjectedintothemusclesoftheneck,itwillcausenecking,depression,decreasedfoodintake,weightloss,etc.iftheinjectionsiteisclosetothehead,itwillcauseswollenheadofthechicken.2、胸肌注射時，采用7～9號的短針頭，將針頭與注射部位形成30度角，朝背部方向刺入胸肌，切忌垂直刺入。Duringchestmuscleinjection,useashortneedleofNo.7~9,forma30degreeanglebetweentheneedleandtheinjectionsite,andstabintothechestmuscletowardstheback.Donotstabvertically.3、腿部注射時，采用7-9號針頭，刺入外側淺層肌肉，以免刺傷腿部的血管、神經，本法易引起癱瘓，慎用。Wheninjectingintotheleg,usea7-9needletostabintothelateralsuperficialmuscletoavoidstabbingthebloodvesselsandnervesoftheleg.Thismethodiseasytocauseparalysis,souseitwithcaution.

三、注射免疫

Injectionimmunization四、點眼滴鼻免疫Part04Intraocular-nasalimmunization

點眼滴鼻免疫就是用滴管吸取已稀釋好的疫苗，滴入家禽的眼內或鼻孔中。Intraocular-nasalimmunizationistouseadroppertoabsorbthedilutedvaccineanddripitintotheeyesornostrilsofpoultry.具體方法：一般1ml約20滴，500頭份的疫苗用25ml規定的稀釋液或生理鹽水稀釋，然后用滴管滴入小雞鼻孔或眼內，每只雞滴1～2滴。滴入時，把雞的頭頸提起，呈水平位置，用手堵住一側鼻孔，然后將疫苗液滴入眼和鼻內，稍停片刻，使疫苗液吸人鼻和眼內。Specificmethods:generally,1mlisabout20drops,500dosesofvaccinearedilutedwith25mlofthespecifieddiluentornormalsaline,andthendripintothenostrilsoreyesofchickswithaneyedropper,andeachchickendrops1~2drops.Whendripping,lifttheheadandneckofthechickeninahorizontalposition,blockonesideofthenostrilwithyourhand,andthendropthevaccineintotheeyesandnose.Stopforamomenttomakethevaccinesuckintothenoseandeyes.注意事項：動作要慢，防止疫苗液外溢，盡量使疫苗吸收后放下雞，否則，應補滴。Precautions:theactionshouldbeslowtopreventtheoverflowofvaccineliquid.Trytoputdownthechickenafterthevaccineisabsorbed,other