1．occupyvt．占用，使用；居住；占領，侵占；使忙于→occupiedadj．使用中；有人使用(或居住)2．evaluatevt．評估，估計，評價→evaluationn．評價①Hernewmoviehashadalotofexposureinthemedia. 報道②Iusedalongexposureforthisone. 曝光時間③It'slikestayinginafishmarketandgettingusedtothestink；longexposuretoabadenvironmentaccustomsonetoevilways. 面臨，遭受eq\a\vs4\al(知識要點1)absencen．缺乏，不存在；缺席[例]Thecasewasdismissedintheabsenceofanydefiniteproof.此案因缺乏確鑿證據而不予受理。[知識拓展](1)in/duringsb'sabsence＝in/duringtheabsenceofsb. 在某人不在期間intheabsenceof... 缺乏……；不存在……absencefrom 缺席，離開，不在某處absenceofmind 心不在焉(2)absentadj. 缺席的；不在的；缺少的；心不在焉的beabsentfrom 缺席；不在[即學即練]——單句語法填空/完成句子①It'sthemanager'sjobtoorganizecoversforstaffwhoareabsent(absence).②Hisabsenceofmindwhiledriving(他駕駛的時候走神)nearlycausedanaccident.eq\a\vs4\al(知識要點2)bothervt.使煩惱，使擔心；花費時間精力(做某事)；打擾vi.花費時間精力(做某事)n.麻煩，困難[例]Idon'twanttobotherherwithmyproblemsatthemoment.我此刻不想讓她為我的事操心。[知識拓展]bothersb.withsth. 因某事讓某人擔心/煩心notbothertodo/doingsth. 不費心去做某事Itbotherssb.that... 讓某人擔心/苦惱的是……[即學即練]——單句語法填空/完成句子①Idon'tknowwhyhebothersmewiththiskindofrubbish.②Yearsbefore，Ievendidnotbothertoapplyfor/applyingfor(不愿費心去申請)EmploymentInsuranceBenefitwhenIwasunemployed.③Itbothersmethat(使我苦惱的是)theyhaven'trepliedtoourletters.eq\a\vs4\al(知識要點3)occupyvt.占用，使用；居住；占領，侵占；使忙于[例]Thebedseemedtooccupymostoftheroom.床似乎占去了大半個屋子。[知識拓展](1)beoccupiedin(doing)sth.忙于(做)某事occupysb./oneself(indoingsth./withsb./sth.)忙于……；專心于……bedeeplyoccupiedinthinking陷入深思befullyoccupied忙得不可開交(2)occupationn.占領；侵占；職業[即學即練]——單句語法填空①Haasoccupiedhimselfinwriting(write)hisresearchpaper.②SheoccupiedherselfwithatranslationofaFrenchnovel.③Pleasestateyourname，ageandoccupation(occupy)below.eq\a\vs4\al(知識要點4)circumstancen．條件，狀況；境況，(尤指)經濟狀況[例]Thecompanyreservestherighttocancelthisagreementincertaincircumstances.本公司保留在一定條件下取消這項協議的權利。[知識拓展]inthecircumstances＝underthecircumstances 在這種情況下；既然如此in/undernocircumstances＝innocase 決不(置于句首句子用部分倒裝)[即學即練]——單句語法填空/完成句子①Undernocircumstances(circumstance)canweagreetosuchaprinciple.②Inthecircumstances(在這種情況下)，theinformationaboutcompetitionplaysanimportantroleinsports.eq\a\vs4\al(知識要點5)exposuren．面臨，遭受；揭露；報道[例]Continuousexposuretosoundabove80decibelscouldbeharmfultothehearing.持續暴露在強度高于80分貝的噪聲中可能對聽覺有害。[知識拓展](1)exposev. 暴露，曝光exposesb./sth.to... 使……面臨/遭受……exposesth. 暴露/顯露/揭露某事(2)overexposev.使(膠片等)曝光過度； 對……報道過頻[即學即練]——單句語法填空/完成句子①Keepindoorsanddon'texposeyourskintothesun.②Heexposedtheplan(透露了這個計劃)tothenewspapers.③Thephotographistoolight：itmusthavebeenoverexposed(被過度曝光了).eq\a\vs4\al(知識要點6)inviewof鑒于，考慮到[例]Inviewofthepresentsituation，we'llhavetoreviseouroriginalplan.基于目前這種情況，我們將不得不修改原來的計劃。[知識拓展]inone'sview 在某人看來onview 陳列著；展覽著inview 在視線中；在視野中outofview 不在視野中comeintoview 映入眼簾[即學即練]——單句語法填空/完成句子①Thepiecesonviewarenotgroupedaroundanyonetheme.②Shewaveduntilthetrainwasoutofview(直到火車從視野中消失).③Inmyview(在我看來)publicparticipationisoneofthefewoptions.eq\a\vs4\al(知識要點7)vitaladj.必不可少的，對……極重要的；維持生命所必需的[例]Readingisofvitalimportanceinlanguagelearning.閱讀在語言學習中至關重要。[知識拓展]bevitalto/for... 對……是至關重要的Itisvitaltodo... 做……很重要Itis/wasvitalthat... ……是十分重要的[從句中用虛擬語氣 “(should)＋do”][即學即練]——單句語法填空/完成句子①Hisfunctionisvitalto/fortheaccomplishmentoftheagency'smission.②Itisvitalthatwe(should)acttostopthedestructionoftherainforests(我們應當采取行動制止破壞雨林).eq\a\vs4\al(重點句式1)with復合結構(教材P16)Withsomuchgoingon，thespacestationneedsalotofmaintenance，soweconstantlychecksupportsystemsanddosomecleaning.由于發生了這么多事情，空間站需要大量的維護，所以我們經常檢查支持系統并做一些清潔工作。句式分析：本句中的withsomuchgoingon是“with＋n.＋動詞-ing形式”結構，在句中作原因狀語。[例1]Hefeltmoreuneasywiththewholeclassstaringathim.由于全班同學注視著他，他感到更不自在了。[例2]I'dliketoseethenewfilmwithtimepermitting.時間許可的話，我想看那部新電影。[知識拓展]with復合結構中除了可以跟動詞-ing形式外，還有以下結構：(1)with＋賓語＋形容詞(2)with＋賓語＋副詞(3)with＋賓語＋介詞短語(4)with＋賓語＋過去分詞(5)with＋賓語＋動詞不定式[即學即練]——單句語法填空/完成句子①Hefellasleepwiththelampburning(burn).②Alltheafternoonheworkedwiththedoorlocked(lock).③Ican'tgooutwithalltheseclothestowash(wash).④Don'tspeakwithyourmouthfull(你滿嘴巴的食物).eq\a\vs4\al(重點句式2)as引導讓步狀語從句(教材P17)SplendidastheviewoftheEarthis，spacewalkingisnotasexcitingasyoumightthink.雖然地球的景色十分壯觀，但太空行走并不像你們可能想象的那么激動人心。句式分析：本句是一個倒裝句，as引導讓步狀語從句，句子必須用倒裝形式。[例1]Hardasheworks，hemakeslittleprogress.盡管他學習很努力，但沒取得什么進步。[例2]Childashewas,heknewwhatwastherightthingtodo.雖然他是一個孩子，但他知道該做什么。[知識拓展]另外although，though可以引導讓步狀語從句；although不用倒裝；though可以倒裝也可以不倒裝。[即學即練]——句型轉換①Althoughitwasrainingheavilyoutside，theystartedoutveryearly.→Heavilyas/thoughitwasrainingoutside，theystartedoutveryearly.②Althoughatomsaresmall，theyaremadeupofstillsmallerunits.→Smallas/thoughatomsare，theyaremadeupofstillsmallerunits.eq\a\vs4\al(重點句式3)that'swhy...“那就是……的原因”(教材P17)That'swhyeveryspacewalkiscarefullyplanned.那就是為什么每次太空漫步都是精心策劃的。句式分析：本句that'swhy...表示“那就是……的原因”，why引導表語從句，why后面跟結果。[例1]Thatiswhytherearemanyversionsofthesamestory.那就是為什么同一個故事有很多版本。[例2]ThatiswhytheculturalindustryinChinaisneeded.那就是中國需要文化產業的原因。[知識拓展]That'sbecause... 那是因為……(because后面跟原因)Thereasonwhy...isthat... ……的原因是……[即學即練]——句型轉換Hemissedthebus，that'swhyhewaslateforschool．→Hewaslateforschool，that'sbecausehemissedthebus．→Thereasonwhyhewaslateforschoolisthathemissedthebus．教材高考1．Hopefully,thisexperimentwillcastnewlightonspacefarmingandallowustosetuppermanentbasesonotherplanets,suchasMars．(2021·全國乙卷)．．．whichranksthembytheirstatedpermanentcapacity,aswellasupdatedinformationfromofficialstadiumwebsites．2．Weneedtoevaluatetheeffectsoflowgravityonanimalsandplants．(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)Thepopularizationofemotionalintelligencehashelpedboththepublicandresearchersre-evaluatethefunctionalityofemotions．．．3．First,weputonourspacesuits,whichallowustobreatheinspaceandprotectusfromexposuretothecoldandradiation．(2021·浙江卷)Tous,themostlikelyexplanationappearstobethatthebasisliesintheirlivingwithhumans,whichgivesthemalotofexposuretohumanfacialexpressions．．．4．Spendingsometimeinthegymisofvitalimportancetoastronauts'health．(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)．．．anincreasinglyconcernednationtookfirmactiontostopthedestructionofmigratory(遷徙的)waterfowlandthewetlandssovitaltotheirsurvival．Ⅰ．單句語法填空1．Youcanimaginehowfullyoccupied(occupy)Ibecame,raisingfourboysundertheageof8!2．Inthecircumstances,itseemsbetternottotellhimabouttheaccident．3．Hewaseagertobebackaftermorethanaweek'sabsencefromschool．4．Itiswidelyacknowledgedthatstudentsshouldbeevaluated(evaluate)intermsofoverallquality．5．Scientistsworrythatexposure/beingexposed(expose)tolightwhilesleepingcanincreasechancesofgettingcancer．6．What'sworse,somedriversdonotthinkitvitaltoobeytrafficrules．7．Sorrytobother(bother)you,butthemanagerisontheline．8．ForseveralhoursImademyselfhighlyvisible(vision),makingsureeveryonecouldseeme．9．Nooneisaskingyoutoputonahairshirtandgiveupallyourluxuries(luxury)．10．Hisconfidencehadbeenpermanently(permanent)affectedbythepainfulsuffering．Ⅱ．短語填空carryout；differfrom；inviewof；ofvitalimportance；inthecircumstances；castnewlighton；goon1．Withtimegoingon,thesituationisbecomingmoreandmorecomplex．2．Nobodydoubtsthatreadingisofvitalimportanceinlanguagelearning．3．Inviewoftheterribleweather，theeventwillbeheldindoorsnextWednesday．4．Tobefrank,Ireallyhavesomedifficultycarryingouttheplan．5．Sheisnotfeelingwell．Inthecircumstances,itseemsbetternottotellheraboutthefact．6．Whatthescientistsaredoingwillcastnewlightonhowthesystemworkssoonerorlater．7．Thingsintheworlddifferfromeachotherinathousandways．Ⅲ．課文語法填空Duetothenear1．absence(absent)ofgravity，wehavetoattachourselves．Weusuallysleepinprivatequarters，orinsleepingbags2．attached(attach)tothewallsortheceiling．Theroutinetasksaredemandingbutextremely3．rewarding(reward)．Weconductscient