World

BankSupportto

JobsandLaborMarket

ReformthroughInternationalDevelopmentAssociationFinancingA

First-StageEvaluation?2024International

Bankfor

ReconstructionandDevelopment/

The

World

Bank1818HStreetNWWashington,DC20433Telephone:202-473-1000Internet:

ATTRIBUTIONPleasecitethereportas:

World

Bank.2024.

World

BankSupporttoJobsandLaborMarketReformthroughInternational

Development

AssociationFinancing:

A

First-StageEvaluation.IndependentEvaluationGroup.

Washington,DC:

World

Bank.COVERPHOTOMarwaneZouaidiEDITING

AND

PRODUCTIONAmandaO’BrienGRAPHICDESIGNLuísaUlhoaVonda

WitleyThis

workisaproductof

thesta?of

The

World

Bank

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contributions.

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Washington,DC20433,USA;fax:202-522-2625;e-mail:pubrights@.World

BankSupportto

JobsandLaborMarket

ReformthroughInternationalDevelopmentAssociationFinancingA

First-StageEvaluationJanuary

4,2024ContentsAbbreviationsvviAcknowledgmentsOverviewviixvixxManagementResponseReportto

theBoardfromtheCommitteeonDevelopmentEffectiveness1.

Introduction

??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????

1TheEvolving

Jobs

AgendainInternational

Development

AssociationCountriesEvaluationScopeandFramework472.

TheInternational

Development

Association

JobsStrategy?????????????????????????????????

15Analytical

UnderpinningOperational

RelevanceResultsMeasurement1618223.

JobsInterventions??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????26PortfolioEvolutionDesignof

JobsInterventionsPerformance2735424.

ConclusionsandRecommendations????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????5052RecommendationsBibliography???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????

55BoxesBox

2.1.

JobsinFragileandConflict-AffectedSituationsBox

3.1.Exampleof

ApprenticeshipInterventions2038FiguresFigure1.1.

Trends

inLabor

Force

andEmploymentRatiosfor

IDA

CountriesCompared

withIBRDCountries3Figure1.2.Evolutionof

International

Development

Association

JobsStrategy,FY15–22689Figure1.3.Conceptual

FrameworkFigure1.4.EvaluationScopeFigure3.1.IDA

Jobs-RelatedInvestmentProjectFinancingsandPrograms-for-Resultsbefore

andafter

theShiftinIDA

JobsStrategy

28Figure3.2.ChangeinProportionof

Different

Types

of

Interventionsin“Synthetic”

JobsPortfolio303443Figure3.3.

To

p

Areasof

Interventionsfor

Prior

ActionsacrossIDA

ReplenishmentsFigure3.4.ProjectCountsbyOutcomeRatingsinImplementationCompletionandResultsReportReviewTablesTable

1.1.IDA

Jobs-RelatedPortfoliobyLendingInstrumentandProjectStatus,FY15–221011Table

1.2.GeographicDistributionof

IDA

Jobs-RelatedInvestmentProjectFinancingandProgram-for-ResultsPortfolio,FY15–22Table

1.3.PracticeGroupsandGlobal

PracticesManagingIDA

Jobs-RelatedInvestmentProjectFinancingandProgram-for-ResultsPortfolio,FY15–221224Table

2.1.Breakdownof

Outcome-Level

Versus

Output-Level

IndicatorsofJobsInterventionsTable

3.1.Shareof

IDA

Jobs-RelatedInvestmentProjectFinancingandProgram-for-ResultsPortfolioin

Total

IDA

ProjectsoverIDA

ReplenishmentCycles,FY15–2228Table

3.2.Cross–Global

PracticeCollaborationon

Jobs-RelatedProjectsbySelectedGlobal

Practices3233Table

3.3.CollaborationacrossPracticeGroupson

Jobs-RelatedProjectsTable

3.4.

Types

of

JobsInterventionsinthePortfolioandStrengthof

Evidence

35Table

3.5.Indicator

Analysis43Table

3.6.Extentof

ProblemProjectsinthe

ActiveIDA-FinancedJobs-RelatedandNonjobs-RelatedPortfolios,FY15–22Table

3.7.

Examplesof

JobsOutcomeIndicatorsby

Types

of

Interventions4548AppendixesAppendix

A.Methods6473AppendixB.PortfolioIdentificationand

AnalysisAppendixC.StructuredLiteratureReviewAppendixD.

Examplesof

JobsPrior

ActionsAppendixE.FindingsfromRelatedIndependentEvaluationGroupEvaluations91102106112AppendixF.

International

Development

Association

JobsStrategyPolicy

CommitmentsandResultsIndicatorsAbbreviationsCPFDPOFCVFYCountryPartnershipFrameworkdevelopmentpolicyoperationfragility,

conflict,

andviolencefiscalyearGPGlobalPracticeIDAInternationalDevelopmentAssociation17th

ReplenishmentoftheInternationalDevelopmentAssociationIndependentEvaluationGroupInternationalFinanceCorporationinvestmentprojectfinancingProgram-for-ResultsIDA17IEGIFCIPFPforRRMSSMETVETResultsMeasurementSystemsmallandmediumenterprisetechnicalandvocationaleducationandtrainingAlldollaramountsareUSdollarsunlessotherwiseindicated.AcknowledgmentsThisevaluationwascarriedoutbyanIndependentEvaluationGroupteamledbyRashmiShankar(leadeconomist).

Thereport’smainauthorisEstelleRaimondo(programmanager).

ThetaskwasconductedundertheguidanceofJeffreyAllenChelsky(manager),

thedirectionofTheoThomas(director),andtheoverallguidanceofSabineBernabè(Director-General,

Evaluation).ThecoreevaluationteamincludedPatriciaAcevedo(programassis-tant);HarshAnuj(datascientist);DungThiKimChu(programassistant);ShahrzadMobasherFard(consultant,

evaluator);ProfessorGaryFields(consultant,

seniortechnicaladviser);PabloFleiss(technicaladviser);LarsJohannes(senioreconomist);ThomasKenyon

(senioreconomist);DorukYarin

Kiroglu(portfolioanalyst);MelissaMetz(senioreconomist);DenitaPious(researchanalystandconsultant);AndreaRojas(consultantandevaluator);RashmiShankar(taskteamleaderandleadeconomist);XiaolunSun(seniorevaluationofficer);SandraJaneWark

(consultantandevalua-tor);AndreiWong

(portfolioanalystandconsultant);andMarwaneZouaidi(extended-termconsultantandprojectofficer).Thereportwaspeer-reviewedbyDr.GordonBetcherman(professor,

FacultyofSocialSciences,

SchoolofInternationalDevelopmentandGlobalStudies,UniversityofOttawa)andAbebeShimeles(directorofresearch,

AfricanEconomicResearchConsortium,

Nairobi,

Kenya).TheteamisgratefultotheIndependentEvaluationGroupMethodsteamandtocolleaguesfromtheJobsGroup,

GlobalPractices,

InternationalFinanceCorporation,

developmentfinanceinstitutions,

OperationsPolicyandCountryServices,

andRegions,

aswellasexternalstakeholdersforex-tensiveconsultations.OverviewKey

MessagesThisevaluationrepresentsthefirststageof

theIndependentEvaluationGroup’sassessmentof

the

World

Bank’sperformanceinsupportingmore,better,

andmoreinclusivejobsthroughInternational

Development

Association(IDA)financing.

Thescopeof

thisevaluationisrelatively

narrow,

focusingondirectIDAsupporttotheachievementof

IDA’s

jobsobjectives.

Additionalevaluations

wouldberequiredtoconsider

thebroader

jobsandeconomictransformationagenda.Theevaluationassessestheanalytical

underpinningsandopera-tional

relevanceof

theevolvingIDA

jobsstrategy

andtheextenttowhichithasbeentranslatedinto

well-designedand

well-perform-ingjobsinterventionsthatdirectly

addresstheobjectivesof

more,better,

andmoreinclusivejobs.TheIDA

jobsstrategy

successfully

stimulatedcountry

analyticsanddiagnosticstofill

knowledgegaps.IDA

policy

commitmentsadapted

well

toreflectlearningfromjobsdiagnostics.Mostjobsdiagnosticshave

incorporatedrecommen-dationsthat(i)feedintooperational

workandimprovehow

CountryPartnershipFrameworksarticulatejobs-relatedobjectivesandtheoriesof

changeand(ii)helpmake

jobsmorecentral

toengage-ments

withcountriesaffectedby

fragility,conflict,and

violence.TheenhancedfocusonjobsinIDA’s

overall

strategy

hasnotbeenassociated

withasignificantincreaseinthesizeof

thejobsportfo-liobuthasledtoachangeinthemixof

jobsinterventions.Thedesignof

mostjobsinterventions

was

well

groundedinanalysis(includingimpactevaluation),andprojectsadequatelycombinedmultipleinterventions.TheIDA

jobsstrategy

prioritizationof

youthand

women’s

employ-mentresultedinmorefocusonthesetwobeneficiary

groupsinjobsinterventions.Theuseof

jobs-relevant

developmentpolicy

financingprior

actionshasincreasedsteadily,

yet

they

remaininfrequentandhavehadanimpactonly

inone-thirdof

validatedoperations.However,

the

IDA

jobsstrategy’s

promise

of

improved

results

mea-surement

has

yet

to

befulfilled.

Althoughimpact

evaluations

are

morefrequent,

results

frameworks

continue

to

trackoutputsrather

thanoutcomes,

and

many

countries’

labor

market

statistics

are

still

lacking.Overall,

the

performance

of

jobs

interventions

under

implementationisontrack.

Two-thirds

of

jobs-related

indicators

inprojects

that

havepassedtheir

Mid-Term

Reviews

were

ontrackto

meet

their

targets.However,

littleisknown

abouttheeffectiveness

of

theinterventionsbecauseof

weaknesses

inresults

measurement

or

incountry-levelstatistical

systems

measuringlabor

market

developments.More,better,

andmoreinclusivejobsarecritical

for

poverty

reductionandsharedprosperity

incountrieseligiblefor

International

DevelopmentAssociation(IDA)financing.

Since2014,

IDA

hasincludedjobsasaspecialtheme,

andsubsequentIDA

Replenishmentshavehadwhatthisevalua-tiontermsan

“IDA

jobsstrategy,”

withexplicitobjectives,

aseriesofpolicycommitmentstoachievethem,

andresultsindicatorstotrackthem.

ThisevaluationisthefirstinapotentialseriestoaddresstheWorld

Bank’scon-tributiontothejobsagenda,

andassuchhasafocusedscope.

ItassessestheimplementationoftheIDA

jobsstrategyandanswerstwoquestions.

ThefirstistowhatextentI

DA’s

strategyonjobswasgroundedinsoundanalyt-ics,

adaptive,

andoperationallyrelevant.

Thesecondistowhatextentthestrategyhasbeentranslatedintorelevantandeffectivejobsinterventionsthatdirectlyaddresstheobjectivesofmore,

better,

andmoreinclusivejobs.Theevaluationisbasedonaconceptualframeworkthatidentifiesthreedirect,

interrelatedchannelsthroughwhichIDA

supportforjobsobjectivesispursued:actingonlabordemand(includingeffortstoexpandthedemandofprivatesectorfirmsforworkersandcreatetheconditionsforreliableandadequatelyremuneratedself-employment);increasinglaborsupply(includingeffortstoimprovethemarketableskillsofworkers,

expandthelaborforceparticipationofwomen,

andsupportyouthemployment);andimprovinglabormarketflexibility(includingpoliciestofacilitatethemove-mentofworkersfromlower-productivitytohigher-productivityactivitieswithinsectors,

andfromlower-value-addedtohigher-value-addedsectors)andgeographicmobilitywherelackofmobilityisidentifiedasasignificantconstraintinjobsdiagnostics.TheevaluationfocusesonIDA-supportedinterventionsthatdirectlysup-portjobsobjectivesacrossthethreeReplenishmentcyclesfromfiscalyears2015to2022.

Althoughthestructuralchangeassociatedwitheconomictransformationislinkedtojobsandgrowth,

thescopeofthisevaluationislimitedtothethreemainchannelsforachievingIDA

jobsobjectives.Therefore,

wedonotevaluatetheimplementationandeffectivenessoftheeconomictransformationagenda,

given(i)itsverybroadpurviewand(ii)thedifficultiesinherentinmeasuringthevolumeandimpactofWorld

BankfinancingforeconomictransformationandhowitisintermediatedthroughresultsindicatorsattheprojectorCountryPartnershipFrameworklevels.ThecontributionthroughtheIDA

PrivateSectorWindowisalsooutsidethescopeofthisevaluation,

whichisbeingpresentedalongsidetheevaluationofthePrivateSectorWindowbytheIndependentEvaluationGroup.International

Development

Association’sEvolvingJobsStrategyTheevaluationfindsthat,

throughthedeploymentofjobsdiagnostics,

the17th

ReplenishmentofIDA

(IDA17)

andIDA18

policycommitmentshelpedaddresssignificantknowledgegaps.

Previouscountryanalyticsdidnotfocusonjobs,

withlittleattentiontothefactorsthatinfluencelabormar-ketoutcomesinIDA

countries.

Mostjobsdiagnosticsprovidedactionablerecommendations.

Intwo-thirdsofcases,

theseweretailoredtocountrycon-textsandofferedguidanceonprioritization,

evenifveryfewdistinguishedbetweenshort-termandlong-terminterventions.Therewasalsoarobustfeedbackloopbetweenevidencefromjobsdiagnos-ticsandsubsequentIDA

cycles.

Policycommitmentsevolvedovertimetoreflectlearningfromcountryevidenceandexperience—forexample,

withrespecttotheimportanceofcomplementinginterventionsaimedatraisingproductivityinagriculture(toimproveearnings)withinterventionsthatpromoteagribusiness(tocreatenewjobs)inIDA18.TheIDA

jobsstrategyandjobsdiagnosticscontributedtoabetterarticula-tionofjobs-relatedobjectives,

theoriesofchange,

andresultsframeworksinCountryPartnershipFrameworks.

Whereaspreviouslysupportforjobshadbeenimplicit,

typicallyoccurringthroughbusinessenvironmentreforms,accesstofinance,

orimprovementinagriculturalproductivity,

thestrategynudgedCountryPartnershipFrameworkstowardamoreexplicitandcoher-entstatementofthejobsagenda.Thesharperfocusonjobsincountrystrategiesisassociatedwitha

slightincreaseintherelativesizeoftheportfolio.

TheestimatedaverageannualsharesoftheIDA

jobs-relatedportfoliointhetotalprojectcountandvalueofcommitmentsofallIDA

projectsincreasedslightlyovertheevaluationperiod.Therewasalsoapronouncedeffectonengagementswithcountriesaffectedbyfragility,

conflict,

andviolence(FCV).

IDA17

policycommitmentsundertheFCV

pillarledtothedevelopmentofaspecificintegratedjobsstrategyforcountriesaffectedbyFCV.Asaresult,

thejobsportfolioincountriesaf-fectedbyFCV

putgreateremphasisonyouthemploymentandtheeconomicinclusionofdisplacedpeople.However,

theIDA

jobsstrategy’spromisesofimprovedresultsmeasurementhavenotyetbeenfulfilled.

Althoughimpactevaluationsaremorefrequent,resultsframeworkscontinuetotrackoutputsratherthanoutcomes,

andmostcountries’

labormarketstatisticsarestilllacking.

ThereisaninherenttensionbetweentheIDA

jobsstrategy’sambitionofbettercapturingjobsoutcomesandthesystemsandincentivesunderlyingresultsframeworks.AlthoughIDA

ResultsMeasurementSystemTier2indicatorscapturein-termediateoutcomesfromIDA

financing,1

attheprojectlevel,

teamsmaybediscouragedfromincludingappropriateoutcome-levelindicatorsinresultsframeworks,

partlyoverconcernsaboutattribution.

Drawingontheexperiencewithimprovingthefocusongenderinoperations,

IDA

ResultsMeasurementSystemTier3indicatorscouldalsobettercapturehowwellIDA

operationsarticulateandtrackcontributionstojobsoutcomes.

WorldBankanalysishasalsohighlightedsomeofthetechnicaldifficultiesinesti-matingtheindirectimpactofI

DA’s

interventionsonjobscreated,

whichiscomplexanddataintensive.2JobsInterventionsIDA

commitmentsprovokeda

changeinthemixofjobsinterventionsintheportfolio.

First,

consistentwiththeIDA19

commitmenttohelpremovebottle-necksinsectorswithhighpotentialforprivatesector–led

jobcreation,

therewasanincreaseinprojectsaddressinglabordemandinformalfirms,

insomecasesaccompaniedbyanexplicitfocusoneconomicdiversificationthroughsupportforspecificvaluechains.

Second,

therewasa

shifttowardsupportforagribusinessandagriculturalvaluechains,

consistentwithI

DA’s

priorityofgrowingjobsinthefoodsystem.

Third,

therewasanincreaseintheproportionofjobs-relevantprojectsthatsoughttheparticipationofyouthandwomenandofprojectsspecificallyseekingtoincreaseyouthemployment.

Conversely,interventionsthatspecificallysoughttoimprovewomen’s

employmentre-mainedrareintheportfolio.

Thatsaid,

reinforcingcommitmentsmadeunderthegenderstrategyandIDA

policycommitmentsresultedinwideruseofgender-disaggregated

indicatorsinjobs-focusedprojects.Developmentpolicyfinancingwasusedinseveralcountriestocontributetojobsoutcomesthroughchangesinthelabormarketregulations.

InthesmallsampleofdevelopmentpolicyfinancingImplementationCompletionandResultsReportReviews,

theIndependentEvaluationGroupdeemedjobs-relatedprioractionstoberelevant,

butonlyone-thirdofoperationsachievedtargetsforresultsindicators,

primarilybecauseofa

mismatchbetweentheambitionofthereformsupportedandtheinstitutionalcapacityforimplementation.Thedesignofjobsinterventionswaswellinformedbyevidence.

Theevaluationtriangulatedinformationfromtheportfolioreview,

thestruc-turedliteraturereview,

IndependentEvaluationGroup–validatedprojectself-evaluations,

andcasestudiestoassessthestrengthoftheanalyticalunderpinningofjobs-relatedinterventionsandthequalityoftheirde-sign.

MostjobsinterventionssupportedbyIDA

weregroundedinastrongevidencebase.

Therewasalsoevidenceoflearningandadaptationofop-erationaldesignwithinandacrosscountries.

Youth

employmentandsomeproductiveinclusionprojects,

forexample,

showedastrongtrendtowardthebundlingofsupply-sideinterventions,

markinganimprovementsincetheIndependentEvaluationGroup’s

2012evaluation.However,

fullyintegratingsupply-

anddemand-sideinterventions—asrecommendedbymanyjobsdiagnostics—hasprovendifficult.

AlthoughcollaborationbetweentheAgricultureandFoodandtheFinance,Competitiveness,

andInnovationGlobalPractices(GPs)wasanimportantfactorbehindthegrowthofagribusinessandvaluechainprojects,

inter-viewswithcountryteamssuggestobstaclestoworkingacrosssectors.Collaborationwashindered,

forexample,

bycorporateincentivesfavoringcertainGPsandtaskteamleaders’

responsibilities,

includingthroughgreat-ercontrolofbudgetaryresources.

TherewerealsosignificantdifferencesinperspectivesbetweenGPsonhowbesttoaddressjobsobjectives.

Finally,thejobsagendaisnotmanagedinacentralizedmannerwithinmostclientgovernments,

whichcancontributetoafragmentedpolicydialogue,

whichisnotconducivetoamoreintegratedapproachwithintheWorld

Bank,

wheredifferentGPsmayhavedifferentgovernmentinterlocutors.Basedonthelimitedavailabledata,

theperformanceratingsoftheclosedprojectsintheevaluationportfoliowereslightlybetterthanthoseoftherestoftheIDA

portfolio.

Giventhattheevaluationperiodstartsinfiscalyear2015,therearerelativelyfewclosedprojectswithvalidatedoutcomeratingsavailable.A

comparisonbetweenjobs-

andnonjobs-relatedclosedinvestmentprojectswithIDA

financingindicatesrelativelybetterperformanceofthejobs-relatedprojects.

Two-thirdsofjobs-relatedindicatorsinprojectsthathavepassedtheirMid-Term

Reviewswereontracktomeetingtheirtargets,

but,

asnoted,

therewereshortcomingsinthemanyoftheunderlyingindicators.However,

wecansaylittleaboutthejobsoutcomesofIDA-financedin-terventions.

ThisisbecausetheIDA

strategyhasnotbeensuccessfulatpromotingbettermeasurementsofjobsoutcomes,

withmoreattentionneededtoenhancethesystemsforcapturinglabormarketimpactandout-comes.

Inmostcases,

theimpactofinterventionsonjobswasonlyweaklycapturedthroughprojectdevelopmentobjectiveindicators,

withprojectteamsincentivizedtofocusmorenarrowlyonwhatisdirectlyattributableandtendingthereforetomeasurethevolumeofoutputsornumberofben-eficiariesinstead.

Examplesincludenumberofpersonscompletingaskillstrainingprogramornumberofpublicemploymentcentersupgraded.RecommendationsOnthebasisoftheevidenceandfindingspresentedinthisevaluation,

wemakethefollowingtworecommendations:Recommendation1.

IDA

couldstrengthenthemeasurementofitscontribu-tiontotheachievementofjobsobjectives.

Thiscanbeachievedthroughbetterandmorerelevantcorporate-levelindicators,

betterprojectmonitoringandevaluation,

andenhancedsupportforcountrystatisticalsystemsformeasur-inglabormarketoutcomes.

Implementationofthisrecommendationhasthepotentialtosignificantlyimprovelearning,

adaptation,

andaccountability.Recommendation2.

IDA

coulddrawmoresystematicallyonjobsdiagnos-ticstoinformcountry-leveloperationalengagement.

Thiscanbeachievedbystrengtheningtheownershipanduseofjobsdiagnosticsandtheintegratedapproachcontainedthereintoinformpolicydialogue,

CountryPartnershipFrameworkpriorities,

andoperationaldesign.

Forexample,

CountryManagementUnitscouldbetterincentivizecross-GPcollaborationbydrawingondiagnosticstoestablishanintegratedandcontextualizedvisionofpolicyprioritiestobethebasisofpolicydialogueandprojectdesign.1TheResultsMeasurementSystemoftheInternationalDevelopmentAssociation(IDA)includesthreetiersofindicators.

Tier1indicatorsmeasurehigh-leveloutcomes,

Tier2indicatorscaptureintermediateoutcomesfromIDA

support,

andTier3indicatorsgaugeorganizationaleffectiveness.2Thepolicycommitmentsofthe19thReplenishmentofIDA

included

“conduct[ing]20pilotsin

‘economictransformationIDA

projects’

toestimateindirectand/orinducedjobs”

(WorldBank2020a,

90),

whichledtothedevelopmentofamodel-basedestimationmethodology,

notcurrentlyusedforprojectselectionorformonitoringofjobsoutcomes.ManagementResponseManagementoftheWorld

BankthankstheIndependentEvaluationGroupforthereportWorld

BankSupporttoJobsandLaborMarketReformthroughInternationalDevelopmentAssociationFinancing:AFirst-StageEvaluationandtheopportunitytoprovidecomments.

Theevaluationassessestheimple-mentationoftheInternationalDevelopmentAssociation(IDA)

jobsstrategythroughthreeinterrelatedchannels:labordemand,

laborsupply,

andlabormarketflexibility.

ProvisionofjobsisacriticalagendaforIDA

countries,whicharegrapplingwithburgeoningyouthpopulationsandlow-qualityjobswithlimitedearnings.

ItisalsoparticularlyrelevanttotheevolutiondiscussionastheWorld

Bankscalesupitsimpactonkeydevelopmentout-comes,

includingjobs,

andisdevelopinganewscorecardtobettermeasureitsresults.

Managementwelcomesthereport’soverallpositivefindingsoftheWorld

Bank’sperformanceacrossseveralareasduringthreeIDA

cyclesfromfiscalyear(FY)15toFY22.

ThereporthasusefulinsightstoinformtheMid-Term

Reviewdiscussionsofthe20thReplenishmentofIDA

(IDA20)scheduledforearlyDecember.World

BankManagementCommentsOverallManagementispleasedwiththereportfindingthat,

sinceIDA17,

therehasbeenaclearIDA

jobsstrategywithstronganalyticalunderpinningsandadiscernibleinfluenceoncountrystrategies.

Thereportfindsthatmostjobsdiagnosticsundertakenduringtheperiodhaveprovidedactionablerecom-mendationstailoredtocountrycontexts,

offeredguidanceonprioritization,andsuccessfullyinformedCountryPartnershipFrameworks(CPFs).

Thereportrecognizesthattherewassignificantengagementwithcountriesaffectedbyfragility,

conflict,

andviolencethroughthedevelopmentofajobsframeworkforconflict-affectedandfragilecountriesandprojectsemphasiz-ingyouthemploymentandtheeconomicinclusionofdisplacedpeople.

Thereportpointstoyouthemploymentandproductiveinclusionprojectsbun-dlinglabormarketsupply-sideinterventions,

representinganimprovementsinceIndependentEvaluationGroup’s

2012evaluation.

ThereportalsohighlightsarobustfeedbackloopbetweenevidencefromjobsdiagnosticsinformingpoliciesofsubsequentIDA

cycles.

Managementappreciatesthereport’sfindingregardingthestronguptakeoflearning,

particularlyfromimpactevaluations.

Alsowelcomeistheincreasinginclusionofgender-dis-aggregatedindicatorsinjobs-focusedprojects.Managementwelcomesthereport’s

appreciationoftheoperationalchangesinIDA

programsandnotestheareasforimprovement.

Thereportfindsthattherehasbeenonlyaslightincrease