國家開放大學(xué)2023年秋季學(xué)期期末統(tǒng)一考試英語閱讀(3)試題2024年1月考點(diǎn)名稱：注意事項(xiàng)：1Whilemostoftheworldseemstobemotivatedbympowerfulcars,thehighest-techcomputers,biggerhouses,therearesomeindeparetiredof“therat-race”thatis,thestressfulpressuresofworkinghardtogetahead.Sincearound1990,therehasbeenaslowbutsteadyriseiintentionalcommunityipurpose.Althoughquitediverseinphilosophyandlifpriorityonasenseofcommunity,inotherwords,thousand,listedandunlisted,inoperation.Thesecommunitiesvaryincommunitiesin1995,totalpopulation,includingchildren,wasest2Atfirstglance,theintentionalcommunitygenerational,i.e.withagesrangingfromchildrentoseniors.Theyonapieceofruralland,inasuburbancentre,orinanurbaThereisawidevarietyofchoicesregardingstandardofliving—someembracevoluntarysimplicitywhileothershavefullaccesspurposesvarywidely.Forexample,coneighbourhoods,toliveecologicallysustainablelifestylessharetheirvalues.Somearesecul3Whatunitestheintentionalcommunitymovementisitsmembers'proudrejectionofmainstreamconsumervalues.Nearlyallcommunitiesencouragesneedtoownprivately,forexample,washingmachines,trucks,communitiesserveasmodelenvironmentalorteachingceexample,“TheFarm”,alargecooperativecommunityinruralTencompetitivebusinesspracticesbutrather,commitstoavisionofenvironmentallybusiness.Membersof“TheFarm”worelectronics,solarcarresearch,a4AnexampleofanintentCo-HousingCommunity.Itsmemberschoosetoliveinwithcedar.“UncleMartin”decidedtoleaveNewYorkinVashonCo-Housing.HeandhisfamilyliveonlitanythingwiththeDisneylabelonit.RatherthanplayingMystonthspendstheireveningplayingold-fashiodwellingsbuthomesareresidentsattendbimonthlymeetin(22157號)英語閱讀(3)試題第1頁(共7頁)buildanon-hierarchical,orequal,communitywithvaluesuncorruptedbythelargersociety.wasthisdesiretoformanew,iperfection.Theproblemswesee“outthere”inthemainstream—greed,dishonesty,egoism,competition,factionalism—allmanagetofinintentionalcommunitieshaveamuchlowercrimeratethanclaimamorecaringandsatisfyinglifestyle.Thcooperation,andfamily,eventhoughtheymayoftenfailtoreachthoseidealsperfectlutopianvisionprovidesachallengetothepaceandpurposeofmodernAmericansociety. 2.anintentional thousand…(paragraph7.…inothers,thesethingsareshared.(pa9.Heandhisfamilyliveonlittlemon10.Theyarecommittedtoideasofecolog1Anoldjoke:Apopulationofficialisaddressingthiscountry,"hetellsthem,"awomrealisewhatthatmeans?"“Ido!"shoutsanotherman,leapingtohisfeet."Itfindthatwomanandstopher!”Well,maybetheexpressedinitprettywellsumsupmuchofbeforetheInternationalConferenceonPopulationandDevelopment(ICPD)thatwaCairoin1994.Basically,theoverpopulaespeciallywomenofcolour)whowereconceivinganddeliveringsomanybabies—especiallpatriarchal,tradition-basedsocietiesofthedevelopingwor(22157號)英語閱讀(3)試題第2頁(共7頁)2Theperceivedsolution?Pushingcontraceptionoforcedsterilization—whateverittooktoreducewomen'sfertilityrates.Insomeparworld,suchstrategieswereyieldingdramaticresults,atleastintermsofmeetingnumericaltargetsforreductionofgrowthrates.Buttheywerealsocausingrevulsionbecautramplingonhumanrightsandhumandignity-andalsobeca3Bythetimetheinternationalcommun4CreatingaNewConsensusPublications,UK,1998)isthestoryofhowthat180-degreeturnwasnegotiated.Asasourcehistoryofthismomentousachievement,thisbookisunique.ForSinghwasnomereobserveroftheprocessbut,asExecutiveCo-ordinatoroftheconference,oneofitsmoststrategicallyplacedfacilitators.Andhelaysouttheprocebystep,inmeticulousbebroadenedtocovermorethancontraception—thatraisingthe“contraceptiveprevalencerate”numbercouldnotbetheonlymeasureofsuccweretobedeemphasized,undertheconsensus,coercionwemphasiswastobeplacedonindividualandsocietalrightsandequalityandempowerment.Wservicesshouldbeincorporatedintoabroaderdefinit(includingthetreatmentandpreventionofsexuallytransm6AsreportedbythenewsmediaatthetimewordsstemminglargelyfromtheVaticanreproductiverights.Butfromthishistoryitemergesasatrium7Ofcourse,itisstilltooearlytojudgetheeffectivenessgraspthesignificanceofreproductivehealth-ortouattentionthan,say,cardio-pulmonaryhealthormentalhealth.Andthemajorfamilyplanningagencies,strugglingtofindanewwayofworkingunderitsconfusionintheirranksandamonginternationalbureaucrats:HenotonlycomoftheUNsystemofdiplomacyandhowitworks,butalsomaintainsh9Singh,whoretiredafewyearsag(UNFPA),servedasExecutiveCo-ordinatorofICPD,ataskwhichoceupiedmostofhiswhoursforseveralyears.HisbossatUNFPA,D(22157號)英語閱讀(3)試題第3頁(共7頁)10Inonesense,thisistheul(a)concernedaboutpopulationorinternationaldiplomacyreallyworks,(c)curiousaboutwhatheadlinesfailedtoexplain,or(d)alloftheabove.11ForasmuchnewspaperinkasICPabortion-whichwasreallynaccomplishmentshasneverbe11.“Somewhereinthiscountry,"he12.Well,maybethejokeisn'tallthatfunny,butthesentsumsupmuchofthetop-levelthinkingab13.Insomepartsoftheworld,suchstrategieswereyieldingdramtermsofmeetingnumericaltargetsforreductionofgrowthrates.14.Buttheywerealsocausingrevulhumandignity—andalsobecauseoftheirunderlyingsex15.Asaprimarysourcehistoryofthismomentousachievem16.Andhelaysouttheprocesso18.Andthemajorplanningagencies,strugglingtofindanewwayofworkindirections,reportwidespreadconf19.Henotonlycommandsanextraorddiplomacyandhowitworks,butalsomaintainshi1Inacompetitiveeconomy,theconsumerusuabrandsofthesameproduct.Yetunderneaththeirlabels,theprOnemanufacturer'stoothpastetendstodifferverylittlefromanothermanufacmanufacturersareconfrontedwithaproblem—howtokeepsabusiness.Manufacturerssolvethisproblembyvariousways.Infact,advertisementsmaybeclassifiedin(22157號)英語閱讀(3)試題第4頁(共7頁)2Onetypeofadvertisementtriestoappealtotheconsumer'sreasoningmind.Itmtoothpaste.Insellingaproduct,thetruthoftheadvertisingmaybelessimportant3Anothertypeofadvertisementtriestoamusethepotentialbuyer.Productsthatareessentialboring,suchasinsecticide,arethisistomaketheproductsaplikelytorememberandb4Associatingtheproductwithsomethingpleasantisthetechniqueointhiscategory.Theyimplythatotherpeoplewillatheyseeyoudrivingthehot,newAardvarkcar.Anotherpowerfuldesiretowhichaappealisthedesireforlove.Thisadsforbandagesathenkissinghersmallboy'scutfinger.InthepicturetherBandages.Theadvertiserhopestheconsumerwillmentallyinseequation“OuchBandages=love.”examplesofthesethreedifferenta21.Consumerusuallyhasthechoiceofseveraldifferent23.Manufacturershavetoa24.Accordingtothepassage,therearemainlyfou25.Ascientificapproachisusedtoprovethetruct,appearanceoftruthmaybemoreimportantthanthetruthf28.Accordingtothepassage,manyautomobileadstrytoappeal29.Thepictureofamothertenderlykissinghersmallboyistoshowtheusefulnessof(22157號)英語閱讀(3)試題第5頁(共7頁)ofLondon'spopulationtodayareyoungpeoplewithamodgoodmoneyandthereforetheyhausedtohave.Theysettheirownfashionsinclothes;and2Londonisalsomorethecapital.Peopleofallnations,racesandreligionsliveandworkinLondon.Thousandsofyearseveralmilionvisitorsfromallpartsoftholiday.Indeed,itsometimesseemsainthesurroundingsuburbanarea,whichismadeupofformerlyseparatemergedtoformwhatisnowcalledouterLondon.Th4BesidesthepeoplelivinginLondon,thousandsofmenavillagessurroundingthecapitalworkinLondonandtraveltotheiMostofthesepeopleliveinthesuburbs,withinabouttentotwentymilmanyliveinthecountry,perhapsasmuchasthirtyorfortymilesawathentheypackintothecrowdmainstreets.Thetraffi