高級中學名校試卷PAGEPAGE1貴州省貴陽市七校聯(lián)考2023-2024學年高三上學期開學英語試題第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）注意，聽力部分答題時請先將〖答案〗標在試卷上，聽力部分結(jié)束前你將有兩分鐘的時間將〖答案〗轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。1.Wherearethespeakersgoingnext?A.Toaflowershop. B.Toaclothingshop. C.Toabakery.〖答案〗B〖解析〗W:Ithinkthisbunchofrosesisbetter.IbetMomwillloveit.M:Noproblem.Let’sgetit.Arewealsobuyingherthedressthatwesawlastweek?W:Yes,ofcourse.Let’sgonow.Andwecanpickupthebirthdaycakeonthewaybackhome.2.Whatdoesthewomando?A.Anarchitect. B.Ateacher. C.Areceptionist.〖答案〗C〖解析〗M:Excuseme.I’dliketoknowmoreaboutthemembership.CanIuseallthefacilitiesinthegymforfree?W:Ofcourse.Buttheswimmingpoolisbeingrebuiltandwon’tbeavailableuntilthisSeptember.Wewillhavemoreswimmingcoachesbythen.3.HowwillHelentraveltoNewYork?A.Byplane. B.Bycar. C.Bytrain.〖答案〗C〖解析〗W:AreyousureHelenwillbeinNewYorkwithus?Iremembersheoncesaidthatshewasafraidofflying.Andshecan’tdriveforalongtime.M:She’llbefine.Wewillflythereonedaylater,andshewilltakethetrain.W:That’sgood.4.Whereprobablyarethespeakers?A.Inapethospital. B.Inapark. C.Inazoo.〖答案〗A〖解析〗W:I’venoticedthatyourdogfeelsuncomfortable.Ihopehewillgetbettersoon.Isthisyourfirsttimehere?M:No,Ihadtobringmycatheretwoweeksago.Hestoppedeating.W:Oh,that’sbad.Catsneedregularexercise,ortheywillhavesomehealthproblems.5.Whatistheweatherlikenow?A.Sunny. B.Cloudy. C.Rainy.〖答案〗B〖解析〗W:Didyoucheckthetemperaturesfortoday?It’s34℃intheshade!Ican’tbelievethattheniceweatherisgone.Yesterdayitwassopleasant.M:Butthesunhasn’tcomeout.Thesedarkcloudsmayturnintorainshortlyafterwards.第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題。6.InwhichplacearehalfofBetty’sgrandfather’sbooksstored?A.Ahouseofhisfriend. B.Apubliclibrary. C.Betty’shouse.7.Howdoesthemansoundintheend?A.Surprised. B.Excited. C.Anxious.〖答案〗6.C7.A〖解析〗M:Wow,Betty,youhavesomanybooksonyourbookshelves!W:Yes.Mygrandfatherleftmehalfofhisbooks.Heusedtobeaverypassionatereader.Myfatheralsolovesreading,andheoftenreadtomewhenIwasalittlechild.M:Isee.Whatabouttheotherhalf?W:Somearestoredinanoldhouseofhisfriend,andsomeweredonatedtoapubliclibrarywhilehewasalive.M:Wow,Ican’timagineyourgrandfatherhadsomanybooks!聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題。8.WhatdoesLilysuggestMr.Stensondoing?A.Usingthepesticide. B.Changingthecrop. C.Wateringthefields.9.WhatdoweknowaboutLily’suncle?A.Heoftenshareshisproducts.B.HelivesfarfromLily.C.Heisgoodatfarming.〖答案〗8.B9.C〖解析〗W:Mr.Stenson,Ithinkyouneedtoreplacecornwithanotherplantinyourfields.M:Yes,Lily.ButI’mnotsurewhatplantisbetter.SomepeoplesayIshouldgoforbeans,whilesomesaywheatisagoodchoice.W:Ipersonallycan’thelpyouwiththis,butIcanaskmyuncle.Heworksonafarmandhashelpedalotoffarmers.M:That’dbegreat.Hmm…WhatdoyouthinkifIinvitehimtovisitmyfarm?W:Goodidea!Helivesnotfarfromhere.Andhe’llbeabletospareyouafewhoursnextSaturday.M:Thankyouverymuch.Ipromisetogiveyouthefirstnewproductsfrommyfields!聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題。10.WheredoesMollycomefrom?A.Japan. B.Canada. C.Singapore.11.WhendidMollybegintoski?A.Atagefour. B.Atageseven. C.Atagethirteen.12.WhatmadeMollydecidetobeaskier?A.Herloveforsnow. B.Hermom’schoice. C.Herfriend’ssupport.〖答案〗10.C11.B12.A〖解析〗M:Molly,you’refinallyback!Ihaven’tseenyouforthreeyearssinceyouwenttoCanadatolearnskiing.W:Yeah,Imisshomesomuch.M:Howwasyourlifethere?W:ThenaturalenvironmentinCanadaistrulygreat.IwouldtakeadayoffeachweekandgohikingwithmyfriendwhoisaJapaneseskier.M:Fantastic!You’vebeentrainingtobeaprofessionalskierforthirteenyears,right?W:I’mafraidyou’vegotitwrong.Istartedice-skatingwhenIwasonlyfouryearsold,andthenImovedtoskiingthreeyearslater.M:Butwhydoyoulovesnowsomuch?Itdoesn’tevensnowhereinSingapore.W:Ha-ha.Well，IalwayssawitonTV.Mostimportantly,mymotheroftentookmetomanycountriesthatarefamousforsnow.I’vebeenattractedbythewintersceneryeversince.IwasborninJanuary.Iguessmybirthdayalsohasaninfluenceonmychoiceofcareer.聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題。13.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Strangers. B.Colleagues. C.Friends.14.WhatisHarry’sfatherresponsiblefor?A.Carinsurance. B.Healthinsurance. C.Businessinsurance.15.Whatdoweknowaboutthewoman?A.Sheisagreenhandindriving.B.Sheisanexpertincars.C.Sheisafanofsportscars.16.WhichwordcanbestdescribeHarry?A.Tolerant. B.Considerate. C.Ambitious.〖答案〗13.C14.A15.A16.B〖解析〗W:Hi,Harry.Youtoldmethatyourfatherworksinaninsurancecompany.Ishedealingwithmedicalinsuranceorbusinessinsurance?M:Neither.Heisinchargeofcarinsurance.W:Really?Howdoesthatinsurancework?M:Tocutalongstoryshort,carinsuranceisdesignedtoprotectpeoplefinanciallyintheeventofanaccident.W:Igotit.Ireceivedmydriver’slicenselastmonthandmyparentssuggestedthatIshouldgetmyowncarthisyear.WhatelseshouldIknow?M:Everyoneshouldgetinsurance,otherwisethecarisnotallowedontheroad.W:I’llkeepitinmind.ButIdon’tknowwhichcartobuyyet.M:Youcanchooseoneaccordingtoyourneed.Therearesportscars,off-roadcarsandfamilycars.W:I’dlikethelastone.ThenIcangoonroadtripswithmyparentsaroundourbeautifulcity.M:That’sgood.Mybrotherhasbeenrunningacarcompanyforfiveyears.Icantakeyoutohisshop.W:That’ssothoughtfulofyou.◆tocutalongstoryshort長話短說；扼要地說；簡而言之◆intheeventof倘若發(fā)生……◆off-road非公路上的；越野的聽下面一段獨白，回答以下小題。17.Whatisthepurposeofthespeaker?A.Toforecasttheweather. B.Tokeeppeopleinformed. C.Tomakeanadvertisement.18.WhatcausesfightstoSouthAmericarisky?A.Aterriblestorm. B.Heavyairtraffic. C.Mechanicalproblems.19.Howwilltheydealwithpassengerswhoseflightsarecanceled?A.Changetheirflightroute. B.Offerthemfreehotels. C.Returnalltheirmoney.20.Whichplaceisincludedintheno-golist?A.Cairo. B.Panama. C.BuenosAires.〖答案〗17.B18.A19.C20.B〖解析〗Ladiesandgentlemen,thisisanannouncementtoletyouknowthatnearlyalltheflightstoSouthAmericahavebeencanceled.There’sabigstormformingovertheAtlanticOceaninthenextthreedays.Itisexpectedtohitthecontinentby10:00p.m.tomorrow.Duringthenextthreedays,flyingovertheoceaninthedirectionofSouthAmericawillberisky.Everypassenger,whohasboughtticketsforplanesgoinginthisdirection,willhavealltheirmoneyreturnedwithinthenexttwodays.Wearesorrythatwecan’tofferhotelsatthemoment.PleasenotethatPanamaisalsoincludedintheno-golist,asitssouthpartwillalsobehitbythestorm.However,youcanreachBuenosAiresinArgentinawithtwoflightstomorrow:onefromBerlinat8:00p.m.,andonefromParisat3:00p.m.PleasenotethattheplanefromPariswillstopinCairoforaboutthreehours,wherethepassengerscanalsotakeflightstootherplaces.Weareworkinghardtogetwhatyouneedasquicklyandsafelyaspossibleonthenextavailableflights.Thankyouforyourpatience.第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。AAmsterdamDestinationGuideAmsterdam,thecapitaloftheNetherlands,isoneofthemostpopulartraveldestinationsintheworld,famousforitsbeautifulcanals,topartmuseums,cyclingcultureandsoon.HerearesomeofthekeypointstorememberasyouplanyourtriptoAmsterdam.BoomSeasonPopulationLanguage(s)CurrencyJanuaryClimateJulyClimateMaytoOctober813562DutchEuroAveragehigh:5.8℃Averagehigh:22.0℃Must-SeeAttractions●OldCentreMostvisitorsbegintheirAmsterdamadventurehere,whichisfulloftraditionarchitecture,shoppingcenters,andcoffeeshops.●CanalRingItisaUNESCOWorldHeritageSitethatwasoriginallybuilttoattractwealthyhomeownersandisacenterforcelebrityspottingandnightlifetoday.●MuseumQuarterItisgreatforshoppingattheAlbertCuypMarketandhavingapicnicintheVondelpark.ThetopmuseumstovisittherearetheRijksmusuemandtheVanGoghMuseum.●PlantagItboastsmostofthecity’smuseums,includingtheJewishHistoricalMuseum.MoneySavingTips●Unlessyoureallywanttoseethetulips(郁金香)blooming,avoidbookingbetweenmid-Marchandmid-May.Thisiswhenhotelandflightpricesrise.●LookforaccommodationsinAmsterdam’sSouthDistrict,whereratesaregenerallycheaperthaninthecitycenter.●Buytrainticketsatthemachineinsteadofthecountertosaveabitofmoney.●Insteadofhiringatourguide,hoponacanalboat.They’reinexpensiveandwillgiveyouauniqueviewofthecity.21.WhichisthebestseasontovisitAmsterdam?A.January. B.March.C.September. D.December.22.Ifyou’reinterestedinnightlife,youshouldvisit_______________.A.OldCentre B.CanalRingC.MuseumQuarte D.Plantag23.HowcanyousavemoneyinAmsterdam?A.Hireaguideforyourcanaltour.B.Getthetrainticketsatthecounter.C.Bookinmid-Mayforalowerprice.D.ReserveahotelintheSouthDistrict.【語篇解讀】這是一篇應用文。文章主要介紹去阿姆斯特丹旅行的一些注意事項。〖答案〗21.C22.B23.D21．〖解析〗細節(jié)理解題。由文章方框中“BoomSeason:MaytoOctober(旺季：5月至10月)”可知，去參觀阿姆斯特丹的最佳時間是5月至10月。故選C項。22．〖解析〗細節(jié)理解題。由CanalRing中“ItisaUNESCOWorldHeritageSitethatwasoriginallybuilttoattractwealthyhomeownersandisacenterforcelebrityspottingandnightlifetoday.(它是聯(lián)合國教科文組織世界遺產(chǎn)，最初是為了吸引富有的房主而建的，如今是名人景點和夜生活的中心)”可知，CanalRing是夜生活的中心。故選B項。23．〖解析〗細節(jié)理解題。由MoneySavingTips中“LookforaccommodationsinAmsterdam’sSouthDistrict,whereratesaregenerallycheaperthaninthecitycenter.(尋找阿姆斯特丹南區(qū)的住宿，那里的房價通常比市中心便宜)”可知，在南區(qū)預訂一家酒店可以幫助節(jié)約錢。故選D項。BSincemysonwenttocollegeinChicago,Imadequarterlytripsthereforthenextthreeyears.MyfriendGeorgewasacookthereandheknewmanyoutstandingrestaurants.OneofthemwasaChineserestaurantcalledTheBird.ItwasownedandoperatedbyChefBennyMoywhohappenedtobeanoldfriendofGeorge’s.ThedishesBennypreparedwereunique,andeverythingwasinhismindwhenhewascooking.Justbychanging,addingorremovinganingredientortwo,hecouldcomeupwithanentirelynewdish.AsafanofChinesefood,Iwasalwaysattractedbyitsrecipes.Afterayearwentby,IRoadinfinallygatheredthecouragetoaskBennyifIcouldspendaweeklearningcookinginhisrestaurantkitchen.Tomyjoy,heagreedreadily.IwasverynervousthefirstdayIshowedup.ButIdidn’thavetowaitlongtofindouthowIwouldstart.“Putonthisjacket,goovertothestoveandcleanthetwowoks(鍋)there,”hesaid.Iwasexcited.Whatabeginning!Iwasallowedtocleanthemaster’swoks.Thenthingsjustseemedtofallintoplace.Bennywasveryconcentratedwhenhewasdoingpreparingworkorcooking.Iwouldjustfollowhimaround,tryingveryhardnottogetinhisway.Besides,Iwouldtalkintomyhand-heldrecordertodocumenteverythinghedid;ineffect,Ihadallhisrecipes.Hehadateachingstylethatwasallhisown.AndIjustwatchedandlearnedeverythinghedidbyheartAttheendoftheweek,whenmytimeinthekitchenwasover,IcameawayfeelingthatIhavehadthemostexciting,unusual,anduniquecookingexperiences.Plus,nowIknowhowtocookBenny’smost-knowndish:Mooshupork.24.WhatareBenny’sdisheslike?A.Nutritiousandsalty B.ConventionalandtastyC.Originalandspicy D.Specialanddistinctive25.WhatdoweknowaboutBenny?A.HeusedtoliveinChicago B.Hewasreluctanttocleanwoks.C.HeranaChinesefoodrestaurant D.Helikedaddingingredientstodishes26.Whichisclosestinmeaningto“fallintoplace”inparagraph5?A.Workoutsmoothly B.Beinchaos C.Takeadownturn D.Getworsegradually27.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.CreatingInnovativeDishes B.ObservingCookingProceduresC.AppreciatingFavoriteRecipes D.LearningChineseCuisine【語篇解讀】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者去一家中餐廳里學習烹飪中國菜的經(jīng)歷。〖答案〗24.D25.C26.A27.D24．〖解析〗細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“ThedishesBennypreparedwereunique,andeverythingwasinhismindwhenhewascooking.Justbychanging,addingorremovinganingredientortwo,hecouldcomeupwithanentirelynewdish.(本尼做的菜是獨一無二的，當他做飯的時候，一切都在他的腦海里。只要改變、添加或刪除一兩種食材，他就能做出一道全新的菜肴)”可知，本尼的菜特殊和與眾不同。故選D。25．〖解析〗細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“AsafanofChinesefood,Iwasalwaysattractedbyitsrecipes.(作為一名中餐愛好者，我總是被它的食譜所吸引)”可知，本尼經(jīng)營一家中餐館。故選C。26．〖解析〗詞句猜測題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段“IwasverynervousthefirstdayIshowedup.ButIdidn’thavetowaitlongtofindouthowIwouldstart.“Putonthisjacket,goovertothestoveandcleanthetwowoks(鍋)there,”hesaid.Iwasexcited.Whatabeginning!Iwasallowedtocleanthemaster’swoks.(我第一天來的時候非常緊張。但我沒等多久就知道我將如何開始。他說：“穿上這件外套，走到爐子那邊，把那邊的兩個鍋擦干凈。”我很興奮。一個好開頭！我被允許打掃主廚的鍋)”以及后文“Bennywasveryconcentratedwhenhewasdoingpreparingworkorcooking.Iwouldjustfollowhimaround.(本尼在做準備工作或做飯時非常專注。我只是跟著他)”可知，作者從一開始的緊張到后來跟著本尼做準備工作，可知慢慢進展順利了。故劃線詞意思是“進展順利”。故選A。27．〖解析〗主旨大意題。根據(jù)最后一段“Attheendoftheweek,whenmytimeinthekitchenwasover,IcameawayfeelingthatIhavehadthemostexciting,unusual,anduniquecookingexperiences.Plus,nowIknowhowtocookBenny’smost-knowndish:Mooshupork.(周末，當我在廚房的時間結(jié)束時，我離開了，感覺我有了最令人興奮的，不尋常的，獨特的烹飪經(jīng)歷。而且，現(xiàn)在我知道怎么做本尼最著名的菜木須肉了)”結(jié)合文章主要講述了作者去一家中餐廳里學習烹飪中國菜的經(jīng)歷。可知，D選項“學習中國菜”最符合文章標題。故選D。CMogaoGrottoesislocatedatthewesternendoftheHexiCorridoralongtheancientSilkRoadinDunhuang,China.Untilnow,mostmuralpaintingsatMogaoGrottoeshavebeendatedbydirectlyreferringtothemuraltextsorhistoricaldocuments.However,somearestillleftwiththecreationera(年代)uncertainduetothelackofreferencematerialsorthedisagreementofartexperts.Thedrawingstyleofmuralpaintingswaschangingthroughouthistoryandcanbelearnedandquantified(量化)throughpaintingdata.Anewdatingmethodhasbeendevelopedbyencoding(編碼)thedrawingstylesusingvisualcodeslearnedthroughdeeplearning.ThisnewmethodsuccessfullydiscoveredthecreationeraofsixmuralpaintingsatMogaoGrottoes.WiththehelpofexpertsfromDunhuangAcademy,sevenmuralpaintingsfromtwogrottoes(No.205andNo.206)werechosenassubjectsforthisdatingresearch.Tofigureoutthecreationeraofthesepaintings,QinZou,aresearcherfromWuhanUniversity,collected3,860muralpaintingsfrom194differentgrottoeswithconfirmedcreation-eralabels.Tofindthevisualcodesthatcanidentifytheerainthesepaintings,theauthorsbuiltadeepconvolutionalneuralnetwork(卷積神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡)andclassifiedthesepaintingimagesintotherighteras.Basedontheclassificationmodel,adatingmethodwasbuiltandappliedtodatethesevenpaintings.SixofthenewdatingresultswereapprovedbyexpertsfromDunhuangAcademy.“Thesedatingresultsarecorrectandthemethodisgreat,”saidMr.Hui-MinWang,adistinguishedexpertfromtheArchaeologicalInstituteofDunhuangAcademy.“Tothebestofourknowledge,”wrotetheresearchers,“thisworkrepresentsthefirstaccountofascientificandquantitativemannertosupporttheerapredictionandreducetheuncertaintiesindatingancientpaintingsbyusingdeeplearning.28.Whatmightbeareasonforsomemuralsremainingundated?A.Varietyofthedrawingstyles B.ErrorsofhistoricalliteratureC.Shortageofreferencematerials D.Disagreementofhistoricaldocuments.29.Whatisthesecondparagraphmainlyabout?A.Whythedrawingstyleisalwayschanging B.Whatanewdatingmethodlookslike.C.Howpaintingdataarelearnedandquantified D.Whetheradatingapproachshouldbeapplied30.WhydoestheauthormentiontheexampleofCaveNo.205andNo.206?A.TocomparetwodifferentdrawingstylesB.TopresenttheapplicationofvisualcodesC.ToexplainthecreationoftheclassificationmodelD.Toanalyzethemainfeaturesofthepaintings31.Whatdotheresearchersthinkofthenewmethod?A.Itisabreakthrough B.ItclassifiesdrawingstylesC.Itbringsmanyuncertainties D.Itmakesaccuratepredictions【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了研究人員已經(jīng)開發(fā)出一種新的測年方法來準確地確定中國莫高窟古代壁畫的年代。〖答案〗28.C29.B30.B31.A28．〖解析〗細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“However,somearestillleftwiththecreationera(年代)uncertainduetothelackofreferencematerialsorthedisagreementofartexperts.(然而，由于缺乏參考資料或藝術專家的意見分歧，有些人仍然對創(chuàng)作時代不確定)”可知，導致一些壁畫沒有注明日期是原因可能是參考資料不足。故選C。29．〖解析〗主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段“Thedrawingstyleofmuralpaintingswaschangingthroughouthistoryandcanbelearnedandquantified(量化)throughpaintingdata.Anewdatingmethodhasbeendevelopedbyencoding(編碼)thedrawingstylesusingvisualcodeslearnedthroughdeeplearning.ThisnewmethodsuccessfullydiscoveredthecreationeraofsixmuralpaintingsatMogaoGrottoes.(壁畫的繪畫風格在歷史上不斷變化，可以通過繪畫數(shù)據(jù)來學習和量化。一種新的追溯方法是通過深度學習的視覺編碼來編碼繪畫風格。這種新方法成功地發(fā)現(xiàn)了莫高窟六幅壁畫的創(chuàng)作年代)”可知，第二段的主要內(nèi)容是新的年代測定方法是什么樣的。故選B。30．〖解析〗推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Thedrawingstyleofmuralpaintingswaschangingthroughouthistoryandcanbelearnedandquantified(量化)throughpaintingdata.Anewdatingmethodhasbeendevelopedbyencoding(編碼)thedrawingstylesusingvisualcodeslearnedthroughdeeplearning.ThisnewmethodsuccessfullydiscoveredthecreationeraofsixmuralpaintingsatMogaoGrottoes.(壁畫的繪畫風格在歷史上不斷變化，可以通過繪畫數(shù)據(jù)來學習和量化。一種新的追溯方法是通過深度學習學習的視覺編碼來編碼繪畫風格。這種新方法成功地發(fā)現(xiàn)了莫高窟六幅壁畫的創(chuàng)作年代)”以及第三段“WiththehelpofexpertsfromDunhuangAcademy,sevenmuralpaintingsfromtwogrottoes(No.205andNo.206)werechosenassubjectsforthisdatingresearch.(在敦煌研究院專家的幫助下，選取了205號和206號兩個石窟的7幅壁畫作為研究對象)”可推知，作者提到205號和206號洞穴的例子是為了展示視覺代碼的應用。故選B。31．〖解析〗推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段““Tothebestofourknowledge,”wrotetheresearchers,“thisworkrepresentsthefirstaccountofascientificandquantitativemannertosupporttheerapredictionandreducetheuncertaintiesindatingancientpaintingsbyusingdeeplearning.(“據(jù)我們所知，”研究人員寫道，“這項工作是第一次用科學和定量的方式來支持時代預測，并通過深度學習來減少古代繪畫年代確定的不確定性。”)”可推知，研究人員認為這種新方法是一個突破。故選A。DAstudypublishedrecentlyshowsthattomatofruitsareabletotransmitalertstotheirmotherplantwhenattackedbycaterpillars.Plantshavealargenumberofchemicalandhormonalsignalingpathways,whicharegenerallytransmittedthroughthesap(樹液).Giventhefactthatfruitsjusthangfromthemainplantbeforeultimatelyfallingoffandsaptypicallyonlyrunsfromtheplanttothefruit—notbackandforthbetweenthetwo—ithaslongbeenunclearwhetherornotfruitscantransmitinformationtotheplant.Toaddressthatquestion,scientistsatBrazil’sFederalUniversityofPelotasplacedtomatoplantsinaFaradaycage.Electrodes(電極)wereattachedtotheendsoftheplants’branchesatthepointswheretheyconnectedtothefruits.Thentheymeasuredelectricalresponseswithinthebranchesbefore,duringandaftera24-hourperiodinwhichthefruitswereattackedbycaterpillars.Machine-learning-basedalgorithmswereusedtoidentifypatternsinthesignals.Itwasfoundthattherewasa“cleardifference”betweenthesignalsbeforeandaftercaterpillarattacks.Additionally,defensivebiochemicalresponseswereobservedthroughouttheplants’bodies,suggestingthattheyhadbeentriggeredbysignalssentbythefruits.Theresearchersgavethefollowingexplanation.Thetomatofruit,sensinganearbyinsect,releasedelectricalsignalstoreachtherestoftheplant.Thesewarningsimpulseswerereceivedbythemainplantandasaresult,therestoftheplantgotpreparedtofightofftheunwantedinvaders.Thetomatofruitmadesurethattheplantproducedchemicalsthatwereunpleasanttotaste,sothathungrycaterpillarsstayedoffthefruit.Thescientistsnowplanoninvestigatingwhetherotherfruitingplantsbehaveinthesamemannerastomatoes,andwhethertheirfruitsrespondtothreatsotherthaninsects.Theybelieveunderstandinghowtheplantinteractswithitsfruits,andthefruitsamongthemselves,maybringinsightsintohowtomakeuseofthiscommunicationforenhancingfruitquality,resistancetopestsandshelflifeafterharvest.32.Whichofthefollowingmagazineisthetextmostlikelyselectedfrom?A.FrontiersinSustainableFoodSystems.B.ExtraordinaryArchitect.C.NationalGeographic.D.TheEconomist.33.Whatfunctiondoessapserveinparagraph2?A.Amediumthatcantransmitsignals.B.Afirewallthatcanpreventattacks.C.Ashelterwhereinformationstores.D.Apathwaywhichwaterrunsthrough.34.What’sthereactionofthetomatofruitaftersensinganearbycaterpillar?A.Itfoughtagainsttheinvaders.B.Itproducedanunpleasanttaste.C.Itreleasedastinkysmell.D.Itemittedelectricalsignals.35.Whatwillscientistsdointhefollowingresearch?A.Improvefruitoutput.B.Decreasepestspecies.C.Expandresearchfields.D.Investigateotherinsects.【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文。文章主要講述研究發(fā)現(xiàn)番茄果實在受到毛毛蟲攻擊時能夠向其母株發(fā)出警報。〖答案〗32.A33.A34.D35.C32．〖解析〗推理判斷題。由文章最后一段“Thescientistsnowplanoninvestigatingwhetherotherfruitingplantsbehaveinthesamemannerastomatoes,andwhethertheirfruitsrespondtothreatsotherthaninsects.Theybelieveunderstandinghowtheplantinteractswithitsfruits,andthefruitsamongthemselves,maybringinsightsintohowtomakeuseofthiscommunicationforenhancingfruitquality,resistancetopestsandshelflifeafterharvest.(科學家們現(xiàn)在計劃調(diào)查其他結(jié)果植物的行為是否與番茄相同，以及它們的果實是否對昆蟲以外的威脅做出反應。他們相信，了解植物如何與果實相互作用，以及果實之間的相互作用，可以深入了解如何利用這種交流來提高果實質(zhì)量，對害蟲的抗性和收獲后的保質(zhì)期。)”以及上文可以推斷，這篇文章主要講食物方面的內(nèi)容，所以可能出現(xiàn)在A項FrontiersinSustainableFoodSystems(可持續(xù)糧食系統(tǒng)的前沿)。故選A項。33．〖解析〗細節(jié)理解題。由文章第二段“Plantshavealargenumberofchemicalandhormonalsignalingpathways,whicharegenerallytransmittedthroughthesap(樹液).(植物有大量的化學和激素信號通路，通常通過樹液傳遞。)”可知，樹液作為介質(zhì)傳遞大量的化學和激素信號。故選A項。34．〖解析〗細節(jié)理解題。由文章第四段“Thetomatofruit,sensinganearbyinsect,releasedelectricalsignalstoreachtherestoftheplant.(番茄果實感應到附近的昆蟲，釋放出電信號到達植物的其他部分。)”可知，當番茄果實感受到周圍由昆蟲時，會釋放出電信號。故選D項。35．〖解析〗推理判斷題。由文章最后一段“Thescientistsnowplanoninvestigatingwhetherotherfruitingplantsbehaveinthesamemannerastomatoes,andwhethertheirfruitsrespondtothreatsotherthaninsects.(科學家們現(xiàn)在計劃調(diào)查其他結(jié)果植物的行為是否與番茄相同，以及它們的果實是否對昆蟲以外的威脅做出反應。)”可知，科學家將擴展研究領域，看是否將這研究結(jié)果應用于其它植物。故選C項。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。PetownershaveabigresponsibilitywhenitcomestotakingcareoftheirfurryfriendsUnfortunately,manypetownersmakecommonmistakesasfollows.●NotprovidingenoughexerciseormentalstimulationforyourpetAllpetsneedregularexerciseandmentalstimulationtostayhealthyandhappy.____36____Mentalstimulationisalsoessentialtokeepyourpetfit.Youcangiveyourpetpuzzletoys,playnewgameswiththem,orteachthemnewtricks.●OverfeedingYoumightthinkyou’redoingyourpetafavorbygivingthemextratreats,butoverfeedingcandomoreharmthangood.____37____.Therefore,ensureyou’refollowingthefeedingguidelineonthebagandnotgivingintothosepuppy-dogeyestoooften.●NotsocializingyourpuppySocializationiskeytoawell-behavedandhappydog.Makesuretointroduceyourpuppytodifferentpeople,animalsandsituations.____38________39____Petsaregreatathidingtheirpainanddiscomfort,soit’simportanttowatchforanychangeinbehaviororappetite.Don’thesitatetobringsomethingupwithyourvetifyounoticesomethingoff.Tohelpavoidthesetypesoferrors,WandaMorgan,ChiefEditorofWorkoutLunatic,givesthefollowingtips.●PositivereinforcementPositivereinforcementisalwaysthewaytogowhentrainingyourpet.Usetreatsandverbalpraisetoencouragegoodbehaviorinsteadofpunishmentorscolding.●Addressingunderlyinganxietycauses____40____.Giveyourpetplentyofengagingactivitiesandplaytimetokeeptheirmindsandbodiesactiveandhappy.A.IgnoringsignsofillnessB.NottrustingyourpuppyC.Itcanhelpthemgrowconfidentandwell-adjustedD.ItcanleadtoobesityandotherseriousmedicalconditionsE.MentalexerciseiscrucialtoyourpetasmuchasphysicalexerciseF.Anxiety-basedbehaviorcanstemfromalackofattentionorstimulationG.Withoutenoughphysicalactivity,yourpetmaybecomeoverweightorbored【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了一些養(yǎng)狗的錯誤以及建議。〖答案〗36.G37.D38.C39.A40.F36．〖解析〗根據(jù)上文“Allpetsneedregularexerciseandmentalstimulationtostayhealthyandhappy.(所有的寵物都需要定期的鍛煉和精神鼓勵來保持健康和快樂)”以及后文“Mentalstimulationisalsoessentialtokeepyourpetfit.Youcangiveyourpetpuzzletoys,playnewgameswiththem,orteachthemnewtricks(精神鼓勵對保持寵物健康也是必不可少的。你可以給你的寵物益智玩具，和他們玩新的游戲，或者教他們新的技巧)”可知，后文提到了精神鼓勵，可知本句是在說明寵物的體育鍛煉，故G選項“如果沒有足夠的體育活動，你的寵物可能會變得超重或感到無聊”符合語境，故選G。37．〖解析〗根據(jù)上文“Youmightthinkyou’redoingyourpetafavorbygivingthemextratreats,butoverfeedingcandomoreharmthangood.(你可能會認為你給寵物額外的食物是在幫它們的忙，但過度喂食弊大于利)”以及后文“Therefore,ensureyou’refollowingthefeedingguidelineonthebagandnotgivingintothosepuppy-dogeyestoooften.(因此，確保你遵循袋子上的喂養(yǎng)指南，不要經(jīng)常屈服于那些小狗的眼睛)”可知，本句主要承接上文具體說明過度喂食導致的問題：肥胖和其他嚴重的疾病。故D選項“它會導致肥胖和其他嚴重的疾病”符合語境，故選D。38．〖解析〗根據(jù)上文“Socializationiskeytoawell-behavedandhappydog.Makesuretointroduceyourpuppytodifferentpeople,animalsandsituations.(社交是讓狗狗表現(xiàn)良好和快樂的關鍵。一定要把你的小狗介紹給不同的人、動物和環(huán)境)”可知，上文提到了要讓狗狗去不同的環(huán)境中進行社交，本句為本段最后一句，故說明這么做的好處：幫助它們變得自信和適應。故C選項“它可以幫助它們變得自信和適應”符合語境，故選C。39．〖解析〗根據(jù)后文“Petsaregreatathidingtheirpainanddiscomfort,soit’simportanttowatchforanychangeinbehaviororappetite.Don’thesitatetobringsomethingupwithyourvetifyounoticesomethingoff.(寵物很擅長隱藏它們的痛苦和不適，所以觀察它們的行為或食欲的任何變化都很重要。如果你發(fā)現(xiàn)有什么不對勁，不要猶豫，告訴你的獸醫(yī))”可知，本段主要說明了要重視狗的疾病跡象，故A選項“忽視疾病跡象”符合語境，故選A。40．〖解析〗根據(jù)標題“●Addressingunderlyinganxietycauses(解決潛在的焦慮原因)”以及后文“Giveyourpetplentyofengagingactivitiesandplaytimetokeeptheirmindsandbodiesactiveandhappy.(給你的寵物足夠的有趣的活動和玩耍時間，以保持他們的思想和身體活躍和快樂)”可知，本句的主旨是說明焦慮的原因，故F選項“基于焦慮的行為可能源于缺乏關注或激勵”符合語境，故選F。第三部分語言運用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）I’man18-year-oldstudent,tallandgood-looking.Lookingback,Irealizehowimportantitisto____41____oneself.BornandraisedinAfrica.IhadalwaystakenmyAfricanoriginasa(n)____42____.Myself-dislikewasfurther____43____when