專(zhuān)題02必修第三冊(cè)Unit2Naturaldisasters目錄新知導(dǎo)航：熟悉課程內(nèi)容、掌握知識(shí)脈絡(luò)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)：知識(shí)點(diǎn)全面梳理，掌握必備重點(diǎn)記憶：關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)快速記憶，提升能力小試牛刀：考點(diǎn)剖析+過(guò)關(guān)檢測(cè)，合理應(yīng)用核心單詞講解1.injurevt.傷害；使受傷；損害(1)injuredadj.受傷的theinjured 傷員getinjured 受傷(2)injury n.傷；傷口；傷害dosb.aninjury/doaninjurytosb.傷害某人2.reactionn.反應(yīng)(1)inreactiontosth. 對(duì)……作出反應(yīng)reactiontosb./sth. 對(duì)……的反應(yīng)(2)react vi.回應(yīng)，作出反應(yīng)；有不良反應(yīng)；起化學(xué)反應(yīng)reacttosth.(bydoingsth.)(通過(guò)做……)對(duì)……作出反應(yīng)reactwithsth. 與……發(fā)生反應(yīng)(3)reactive adj.反應(yīng)的；有反應(yīng)的；回應(yīng)的3.crashvi.&vt.碰撞，撞擊；崩潰n.碰撞；碰撞聲，破裂聲；崩潰(1)crashinto...撞上……o... 使……撞上……crashthrough 撞穿(2)atrain/carcrash 火車(chē)/汽車(chē)撞車(chē)事故aplane/anaircrash 飛機(jī)失事4.signalvt.&vi.發(fā)信號(hào)，示意；標(biāo)志n.信號(hào)，暗號(hào)；信號(hào)燈；標(biāo)志(1)signalsb.todosth. 示意某人做某事(2)trafficsignallights 交通信號(hào)燈adangersignal 危險(xiǎn)信號(hào)sendoutasignal 發(fā)送信號(hào)5.confirmvt.證實(shí)，確認(rèn)；使確信；批準(zhǔn)(1)confirmone’sopinion 證明某人的觀點(diǎn)confirmsb.in... 使某人在……方面更堅(jiān)定Ithasbeenconfirmedthat 已確認(rèn)(2)confirmation n.證實(shí)；確認(rèn)6.occurvi.發(fā)生，出現(xiàn)；存在于sth.occur(s)tosb. 某人突然想起某事Itoccurstosb.that... 某人突然想起……Itoccurstosb.todosth. 某人想到要做某事[名師指津]“(某人)突然想到(起)……”可以表達(dá)為：Ithits/hitsb.that...Itoccurs/occurredtosb.that...Itstrikes/strucksb.that...7.reliefn.寬慰，輕松，減輕，消除；救濟(jì)(1)toone’srelief令某人寬慰的是inrelief 如釋重負(fù)，松了口氣(2)relieve vt.解除；減輕relievesb.ofsth. 幫助……減輕；替……拿重物(3)relieved adj.感到寬慰的；放心的8.informvt.通知；了解，熟悉(1)informsb.ofsth.通知/報(bào)告某人某事informsb.that... 通知某人……keepsb.informedof... 使某人隨時(shí)了解……(2)information n.信息；資料9.shockn.震驚，驚愕；劇烈震動(dòng)；休克vt.使震驚；使氣憤(1)inshock 震驚地；處于休克狀態(tài)(2)shocked adj.驚愕的；震驚的beshockedat/by 對(duì)……感到震驚(3)shocking adj.令人吃驚的；令人氣憤的10.scarevt.&vi.驚嚇，害怕n.恐慌；驚嚇(1)scare...away/off 把……嚇跑(2)bescaredtodeath 嚇得要死bescaredof(doing)sth. 害怕(做)某事bescaredtodosth. 害怕做某事(3)scary adj.引起恐慌的11.powern.電，電力；能量；力量；能力；權(quán)力；政權(quán)；控制力(1)beinpower執(zhí)政(強(qiáng)調(diào)狀態(tài))etopower 開(kāi)始掌權(quán)/執(zhí)政(強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作)havepowerover... 對(duì)……有控制權(quán)，能支配havethepowertodosth. 有能力做某事(2)powerful adj.強(qiáng)大的；強(qiáng)有力的12.runoutof用完，耗盡runout 用完(主語(yǔ)為物，無(wú)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))runacross 穿越；偶然碰到runafter 追逐；追求runaway 跑掉；逃走；逃避runinto 撞上；遇到13.supplyn.補(bǔ)給品，補(bǔ)給；供應(yīng)；供應(yīng)量，儲(chǔ)備vt.供應(yīng)，供給，提供(1)supplysth.tosb.=supplysb.withsth.=providesb.withsth.=providesth.forsb.=offersb.sth.=offersth.tosb.給某人提供某物(2)supplies 補(bǔ)給品[pl.]inshort/limitedsupply 供應(yīng)不足14.donatevt.捐贈(zèng)，贈(zèng)送；獻(xiàn)(血)(1)donatesth.tosb./sth. 將某物捐贈(zèng)給某人/某物(2)donor n.捐贈(zèng)者；獻(xiàn)血者donation n.捐贈(zèng)物，捐贈(zèng)，贈(zèng)送makeadonation(ofsth.to...) (向……)捐贈(zèng)(某物)15.curiousadj.好奇的；奇特的(1)becuriousabout 對(duì)……感到好奇becurioustodosth. 渴望做某事(2)curiosity n.好奇；好奇心outofcuriosity 出于好奇meet/satisfyone’scuriosity 滿(mǎn)足某人的好奇心withcuriosity 好奇地(3)curiously adv.好奇地16.floodn.洪水，水災(zāi)；大量vi.&vt.淹沒(méi)，泛濫；大量涌入；充滿(mǎn)afloodof大量的floodin/into 涌入17.breakout(戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)、瘟疫、災(zāi)害等)突然開(kāi)始；爆發(fā)breakdown使分解(為)；(討論、關(guān)系)失敗，破裂breakoff 中斷；折斷breakthrough 突破breakup 打碎；解散，分手；放假18.beyondadv.在(或向)較遠(yuǎn)處，在另一邊prep.在(或向)更遠(yuǎn)處；超出；晚于；無(wú)法；超出……之外beyondbelief難以置信beyondpare 無(wú)與倫比beyondcontrol 無(wú)法控制beyonddescription/expression/words 難以描述/表達(dá)/言表beyonddoubt 毋庸置疑beyondrepair 無(wú)法修理beyondrecognition 無(wú)法辨認(rèn)beyondone’spower 超出某人的能力beyondone’sreach 夠不著19.distancen.遙遠(yuǎn)，久遠(yuǎn)；距離；差異；疏遠(yuǎn)(1)inthedistance 在遠(yuǎn)處fromadistance 從遠(yuǎn)處atadistance(of) 在……遠(yuǎn)的地方；距離稍遠(yuǎn)(2)keepone’sdistance(from) (與……)保持距離keepsb.atadistance 對(duì)某人冷淡；與某人疏遠(yuǎn)；與某人保持一定距離(3)distant adj.遙遠(yuǎn)的；遠(yuǎn)處的；久遠(yuǎn)的20.rescuen.&vt.救援，營(yíng)救，搶救(1)rescuesb.fromsth. 從……拯救某人etoone’srescue 救援某人(2)rescuer n.救援者21.locatevt.找出……的準(zhǔn)確位置；把……安置在(或建造于)(1)belocatedin/on坐落于；位于(2)location n.位置；場(chǎng)所22.retirevi.&vt.退休，退職retirefrom從……退休(役)retirefrom...as... 作為……從……退休retired adj.已退休的retirement n.退休，退役23.eruptvi.&vt.(火山)爆發(fā)；突然發(fā)生eruptinto 突然變?yōu)榛蛘甙l(fā)展成(更壞的事情)eruption n.噴發(fā)，爆發(fā)24.sharpadj.靈敏的；鋒利的；急劇的；明顯的；尖銳的；強(qiáng)烈的(1)havesharpeyes有敏銳的視力keepasharpeyeonsth. 密切關(guān)注某事(2)sharpen vt.磨快；使銳利(3)sharply adv.急劇地；嚴(yán)厲地；苛刻地(4)sharpener n.卷筆刀二、重點(diǎn)詞塊速記1.atlarge 整個(gè)，全部

2.rollcall 點(diǎn)名

3.safeandsound 安然無(wú)恙的

4.occurto 被想到，浮現(xiàn)在腦中

5.keepone’shead (在困境中)保持冷靜

6.holdonto 抓緊，不放開(kāi)7.getpreparedfor 為……做準(zhǔn)備8.inorderto 為了9.toone’sgreatrelief 使某人大為寬慰的是10.informsb.ofsth. 告知某人某事11.taketheformof 呈現(xiàn)……的形狀；采取……的形式

12.breakout 突然開(kāi)始，爆發(fā)

13.farandwide 到處，各處

14.alongwith 和……一起，隨同

15.inalldirections 朝著四面八方

16.aboveall 重要的是17.separatefrom 分開(kāi)18.inthedistance 在遠(yuǎn)處19.dueto 因?yàn)椋捎?0.runoutof用完，耗盡三、重點(diǎn)句型剖析1.AliceBrown,headteacheratFalmontPrimarySchool,wasteachingwhenthefloorbegantoshake.(bedoing...when...)弗爾蒙特小學(xué)的班主任艾麗斯·布朗正在上課,這時(shí)地板開(kāi)始搖晃起來(lái)。2.Atthesametime,MissBrownquicklyopenedtheclassroomdoor,incaseitbecamedamagedduringtheshakingandcouldnotopen.(incase)同時(shí),布朗小姐迅速打開(kāi)了教室的門(mén),以防門(mén)在搖晃中損壞而無(wú)法打開(kāi)。3.Themomenttheshakingstopped,MissBrownsenseditwasthebesttimefortheclasstomaketheirescape.(themoment...;it’stimeforsb.todosth.)地震一停止,布朗小姐就感覺(jué)到這是全班逃跑的最佳時(shí)機(jī)。4.Shesignalledtoherstudentstoexittheclassroominanorderlylinecoveringtheirheadswiththeirhands.(分詞作伴隨狀語(yǔ))她示意學(xué)生們用雙手護(hù)著頭,排好隊(duì),有序離開(kāi)教室。5.Itimmediatelyoccurredtoherthattheseweresignsofanapproachingtsunami.(Itoccurredtosb.that...)她立刻意識(shí)到這些是海嘯來(lái)臨的征兆。6.Atthatmoment,theyfelttheearthshakingbeneaththeirfeet.(feel復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu))那一刻,他們感到腳下的大地在晃動(dòng)。7.ThisterriblenaturaldisasterdestroyedPompeiipletely,butitalsokepttheancientcityasitwasforfutureages.(keep...asitwas句型)這場(chǎng)駭人的自然災(zāi)難將龐貝城徹底摧毀,卻又為后世保存了這座古城的原貌。8.Amomentlater,themountaincloudseemedtorolltowardsthem,darkandrapid,likeariver.(seemtodo)譯文:過(guò)了一會(huì)兒,山上的云彩似乎向他們滾滾而來(lái),陰沉迅猛,像一條河。9.Itswallswerefreshasifpaintedyesterday.(asif)它的墻壁煥然一新,仿佛昨天粉刷過(guò)一樣。10.Itsashyrocks,nowdark,nowlight,toldastoryofpasteruptionsthatmighthavewarnedthecitywhatwastoe!(betodo)火山巖忽明忽暗,講述著過(guò)去火山幾度噴發(fā)的故事,這本來(lái)可以警告這座城市里的人們,災(zāi)難即將降臨!

、重點(diǎn)句型bedoingsth.when…(教材原句)AliceBrown,headteacheratFalmontPrimarySchool,wasteachingwhenthefloorbegantoshake.弗爾蒙特小學(xué)的班主任艾麗斯·布朗正在上課,這時(shí)地板開(kāi)始搖晃起來(lái)。

歸納總結(jié)：when的常用句式bedoingsth.when...正在做某事,這時(shí)突然……beabouttodosth.when...=beonthepointofdoingsth.when... 正要做某事,這時(shí)突然……h(huán)adjustdone...when... 剛做完……這時(shí)……2.Themoment…(教材原句)Themomenttheshakingstopped,MissBrownsenseditwasthebesttimefortheclasstomaketheirescape.地震一停止,布朗小姐就感覺(jué)到這是全班逃走的最佳時(shí)機(jī)。

歸納總結(jié)：“一……就……”的句型nosooner...than...hardly/scarcely...when...themoment/theminute/theinstant+從句on+動(dòng)名詞/名詞instantly/directly/immediately3.incase…(教材原句)Atthesametime,MissBrownquicklyopenedtheclassroomdoor,incaseitbecamedamagedduringtheshakingandcouldnotopen.

同時(shí),布朗小姐迅速打開(kāi)了教室的門(mén),以防門(mén)在搖晃中損壞而無(wú)法打開(kāi)。易混辨析：不一樣的“萬(wàn)一”incase和incaseof意思相同,其區(qū)別是:incase是連詞,后接句子;incaseof是介詞短語(yǔ),后接名詞(短語(yǔ))、代詞或動(dòng)名詞。4.asif/though…(教材原句)Initsforum,thehalffinishedcolumnsseemedasifjustleftbytheworkman’shand.在集會(huì)的場(chǎng)所,有出自工匠之手而未完成的柱子。

易混辨析：asif/though的真實(shí)與虛擬(1)asif從句表示的情況是真實(shí)的或極有可能發(fā)生時(shí),從句用陳述語(yǔ)氣。(2)asif從句表示的情況是不真實(shí)的或極少有可能發(fā)生或存在時(shí),從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。5.betodo…(教材原句)Itsashyrocks,nowdark,nowlight,toldastoryofpasteruptionsthatmighthavewarnedthecitywhatwastoe!火山巖忽明忽暗,講述著過(guò)去火山幾度噴發(fā)的故事,這本來(lái)可以警告這座城市里的人們,災(zāi)難即將降臨!

歸納總結(jié)：“betodo”結(jié)構(gòu)面面觀“betodo”是一種表示將來(lái)的結(jié)構(gòu),主要有以下三方面的含義:(1)表示注定要發(fā)生的或不可避免會(huì)發(fā)生的事情。(2)表示按照計(jì)劃、安排即將發(fā)生某事或者打算做某事。(3)表示說(shuō)話(huà)人的意志、意圖、職責(zé)、義務(wù)、命令等。重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法(動(dòng)詞不定式作定語(yǔ)和結(jié)果狀語(yǔ))一、動(dòng)詞不定式作定語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不定式由“to+動(dòng)詞原形”構(gòu)成。這里的to是不定式標(biāo)志,沒(méi)有詞義。動(dòng)詞不定式作定語(yǔ)常用來(lái)修飾名詞或不定代詞,放于所修飾的詞后,為后置定語(yǔ)。這類(lèi)名詞有chance,way,opportunity,right(權(quán)利),dream,ambition,time,power,ability,attempt,promise,wish,plan,decision,tendency,failure等。IamsobusythatIhavenotimetoinformhimoftheincidentindetail.我是如此忙以至于我沒(méi)有時(shí)間詳細(xì)地告訴他這個(gè)事情。【溫馨提示】(1)如果不定式的動(dòng)詞與被修飾詞之間有邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,并且該動(dòng)詞是不及物動(dòng)詞,則需要加上適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~或副詞與前面的名詞相呼應(yīng)。但place,time,way后不定式的介詞常省略。TheBrownshaveafortablehousetolivein.布朗一家有一幢舒適的房子可以居住。Theoldmanislookingforaquietplacetolive.那位老人正在找一個(gè)安靜的地方住。(2)序數(shù)詞后常用不定式作后置定語(yǔ)。YangYangisthefirstChineseathletetowinagoldmedalintheWinterOlympics.楊揚(yáng)是中國(guó)第一個(gè)在冬奧會(huì)上獲得金牌的運(yùn)動(dòng)員。二、動(dòng)詞不定式作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)1.動(dòng)詞不定式表示結(jié)果時(shí),其邏輯主語(yǔ)就是句子的主語(yǔ)。結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)常常只限于learn(得知),find(發(fā)現(xiàn)),see,hear,tobetold(被告知),make(使得),turnouttobe等具有界限含義的動(dòng)詞。Hereturnedhometolearnhisdaughterhadjustbeenrescued.他回家后得知女兒剛剛被救了。Irushedtothestationonlytobetoldthatthetrainhadalreadyleft.我沖到車(chē)站,結(jié)果被告知火車(chē)已經(jīng)開(kāi)走了。Dinosaurshavepletelydiedoutontheearth,nevertobeseenagain.恐龍已經(jīng)從地球上滅絕,將永不被看到。2.動(dòng)詞不定式作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)的特殊結(jié)構(gòu)。(1)onlytodo結(jié)構(gòu)表示意外的結(jié)果。Heworkedhard,onlytobeinformedthathewasfired.他努力工作,最終卻被告知他被解雇了。(2)too...to...結(jié)構(gòu)。Theoldmanwastoopoortodonatealotofmoneytothefloodedarea.這個(gè)老人太窮了,不能捐很多錢(qián)給洪水受災(zāi)地區(qū)。(3)so...asto...結(jié)構(gòu)。Hewassocuriousabouttheboxastoopenitwithoutpermission.他對(duì)那個(gè)盒子太好奇了,未經(jīng)允許就把它打開(kāi)了。(4)enoughtodo結(jié)構(gòu)。Thegirlisnotoldenoughtogodownstairsbyherself.這個(gè)女孩年齡不夠大,不能自己下樓。考點(diǎn)一、核心單詞語(yǔ)法填空Ⅰ單詞拼寫(xiě)1.Thebookswillbe________(供給)tothechildrenofthedisasterstrickenarea.2.Thetownhaschanged________(超出)recognitionsinceIwasherethelasttime.3.Theteamwillbuildasoftwaretohelpthepubliccontributetotheworkofthis________(慈善機(jī)構(gòu)),whichworksamongthepoorinBolivia.4.Onceyouknowthe________(模式)thenitexplainswhattheserelationshipsareabout.5.Igavethepolicemananumbertoringto________(證實(shí))thefact.6.Didyou________(發(fā)信號(hào))tomakeagestureorsoundtosendamessagebeforeyouturnedright?7.Theaccidentright________(發(fā)生)beforeourunbelievingeyes.8.Wearrivedatour________(目的地)bytwelve,andeachclasswentwiththeirteachertolunch.9.Intheend,thecrewwere________(營(yíng)救)bythehelicoptersafeandsound.10.Sheinterviewedsixwomenwhohavereachedpositionsofgreat________(權(quán)力)andinfluence.答案：1.supplied2.beyond3.charity4.pattern5.confirm6.signal7.occurred8.destination9.rescued10.powerⅡ單句語(yǔ)法填空1.(2023下·高一課時(shí)練習(xí))Her(donate)wasforstudentswhoclearlyneededfinancialhelp.【答案】donation【詳解】考查名詞。句意：她的捐款是給那些顯然需要經(jīng)濟(jì)幫助的學(xué)生的。her是形容詞性物主代詞，后接名詞，且donation此處為抽象概念，不可數(shù)，作主語(yǔ)。故填donation。2.(2023上·四川成都·高一成都外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)校校考階段練習(xí))(locate)inthecentreofSichuanprovince,Chengduisactuallyabasin.【答案】Located【詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：成都位于四川省中部，實(shí)際上是一個(gè)盆地。句中謂語(yǔ)是is，空格處用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，Chengdu和locate之間是邏輯動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，因此空格處用過(guò)去分詞表被動(dòng)，位于句首，首字母大寫(xiě)，故填Located。3.(2023上·江蘇鹽城·高一鹽城市大豐區(qū)新豐中學(xué)校考階段練習(xí))Thedirectorusuallyhasactorsperformon(locate).【答案】location【詳解】考查名詞。句意：導(dǎo)演通常讓演員在現(xiàn)場(chǎng)表演。分析句子可知，空處作介詞on的賓語(yǔ)，應(yīng)用名詞location，意為“外景拍攝地”，onlocation是固定短語(yǔ)，意為“在(電影、電視等的拍攝)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)”。故填location。4.(2023上·廣東佛山·高一統(tǒng)考學(xué)業(yè)考試)Eachyear,alargenumberofteensandyoungadultsget(injure)whileplayingsports.【答案】injured【詳解】考查形容詞。句意：每年，大量的青少年和年輕人在運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí)受傷。此處作表語(yǔ)，應(yīng)用形容詞injured“受傷的”。故填injured。5.(2023上·高二課時(shí)練習(xí))LittleTomwenttothestadiuminahurry,only(inform)thegamehadbeenputoff.【答案】tobeinformed【詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：小湯姆匆匆忙忙地去了體育場(chǎng)，結(jié)果卻被告知比賽推遲了。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，已有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞went，空處需填非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)，此處表示“出乎意料的結(jié)果”，需用動(dòng)詞不定式，LittleTom和inform為邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，需填動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)式。故填tobeinformed。6.(2023下·高一課時(shí)練習(xí))Hearingthenews,myimmediate(react)wasoneofshock.【答案】reaction【詳解】考查名詞。句意：聽(tīng)到這個(gè)消息，我的第一反應(yīng)是震驚。作主語(yǔ)，應(yīng)用名詞reaction，結(jié)合was可知為單數(shù)。故填reaction。7.(2022上·云南保山·高一統(tǒng)考期中)Iwenttothelibrarytoconsultbooks,sothatmy(curious)couldbesatisfied.【答案】curiosity【詳解】考查名詞。句意：我去圖書(shū)館查閱書(shū)籍，以滿(mǎn)足我的好奇心。curious”好奇的”，形容詞，句中缺少主語(yǔ)，用名詞作主語(yǔ)，curiosity“好奇心”，是不可數(shù)名詞。故填curiosity。8.(2023上·高一課時(shí)練習(xí))Manywere(retire)people,andjustafifthwereintheirfifties.【答案】retired【詳解】考查形容詞。句意：許多人是退休人員，只有五分之一的人在50多歲。修飾名詞people應(yīng)用形容詞retired，作定語(yǔ)。故填retired。9.(2023上·高二課時(shí)練習(xí))Pleasekeepaone-meter(distant)fromeachotherwhenyouareliningupforthenucleicacidtest.【答案】distance【詳解】考查名詞。句意：當(dāng)你排隊(duì)做核酸檢測(cè)時(shí)，請(qǐng)與他人保持一米距離。onemeter是復(fù)合形容詞，形容詞修飾名詞，所以distant要變?yōu)槊~形式。distant譯為“遙遠(yuǎn)的”，名詞是distance,譯為“距離”，冠詞a提示用其單數(shù)形式。故填distance。10.(2023上·高一課時(shí)練習(xí))Thesemeasurescan(relief)thepressureonpowersupply.【答案】relieve【詳解】考查動(dòng)詞。句意：這些措施可以緩解電力供應(yīng)的壓力。提示詞作謂語(yǔ)，在情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can后用動(dòng)詞原形，relief的動(dòng)詞形式是relieve，意為“緩解”。故填relieve。11.(2023上·山東濟(jì)南·高一山東省實(shí)驗(yàn)中學(xué)校考階段練習(xí))The(shock)newsastonishedthepublic,leadingtogreatconcernaboutchildren’sfoodsafety.【答案】shocking【詳解】考查形容詞。句意：這一令人震驚的消息震驚了公眾，引起了人們對(duì)兒童食品安全的極大關(guān)注。名詞news前用形容詞修飾。修飾物，一般用ing形式形容詞，shocking意為“令人震驚的”。故填shocking。12.(2023上·高一課時(shí)練習(xí))Ithasbeen

(confirm)thateatingtoomuchfatdoesharmtoourhealth.【答案】confirmed【詳解】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意：已經(jīng)證實(shí)，吃太多的脂肪對(duì)我們的健康有害。it和confirm為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，需用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，結(jié)合“hasbeen”可知，此處為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，空處需填過(guò)去分詞confirmed。故填confirmed。13.(2023上·四川·高二校考期中)Thedriverwasscrollingthroughhissmartphonewhenthecrash(occur)onthesharpbend.【答案】occurred【詳解】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。句意：在急轉(zhuǎn)彎處發(fā)生車(chē)禍時(shí)，司機(jī)正在瀏覽他的智能。根據(jù)句意并句中的wasscrolling可知，這里表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情，應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。故填occurred。14.(2023上·高一課時(shí)練習(xí))Shewasscared(go)intotheyardbecauseabigdogwasinit.【答案】togo【詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：她不敢進(jìn)院子，因?yàn)槔锩嬗袟l大狗。根據(jù)句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞“was”可知，空處應(yīng)為非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞；固定短語(yǔ)bescaredtodo表示“害怕做某事”，bescaredtogointotheyard表示“害怕進(jìn)院子”，符合句意。故填togo。15.(2023上·高一課時(shí)練習(xí))Thoughhehadtocrosstheriver，hewas(scare)tocrossthewoodenbridge.【答案】scared【詳解】考查形容詞。句意：雖然他必須過(guò)河，但他害怕過(guò)木橋。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處要填形容詞，在句中作表語(yǔ)，描述人的感受，應(yīng)用ed結(jié)尾形容詞scared“恐懼的”。故填scared。16.(2023下·高一課前預(yù)習(xí))Conditionsaregettingworseand(supply)arerunningout.【答案】supplies【詳解】考查名詞。句意：情況越來(lái)越糟，日用品也快用完了。此處使用名詞作主語(yǔ)，需要的詞義為“日用品”，supply應(yīng)該變復(fù)數(shù)，故填supplies。17.(2023上·山東濟(jì)寧·高一嘉祥縣第一中學(xué)校考階段練習(xí))theywenttoMountTaiduringthesummerholiday,whosebeautywasbeyond(describe).【答案】description【詳解】考查名詞。句意：他們?cè)谑罴倨陂g去了泰山，它的美麗是無(wú)法形容的。分析句子可知，此空應(yīng)填名詞作介詞后賓語(yǔ)，beyonddescription表“無(wú)法描述”，為固定搭配。故填description。18.(2023上·四川·高二校考期中)AtHeyCatCafeinWuhan,the“employees”areallstray(流浪的)blackcats,mostofwhom(rescue)bycaringpeopleseveralmonthsago.【答案】wererescued【詳解】考查時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：在武漢的嘿Cat咖啡館，“員工”都是流浪黑貓，大多數(shù)是幾個(gè)月前被愛(ài)心人士救出來(lái)的。根據(jù)句中的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)severalmonthsago可知，這里表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情，應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。主語(yǔ)mostofwhom表示復(fù)數(shù)，whom指代前面的strayblackcats，所以謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式；且主語(yǔ)和rescue之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，所以應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。故填wererescued。19.(2023上·黑龍江哈爾濱·高二哈爾濱三中校考期中)(sharp)upyourpublicspeakingskills,sothatyoucanshareyourbookwithrelevantaudiences.【答案】Sharpen【詳解】考查祈使句。句意：提高你的公共演講技巧，這樣你就可以和相關(guān)的聽(tīng)眾分享你的書(shū)。分析句子可知，主句“(sharp)upyourpublicspeakingskills”使用了祈使句式，用動(dòng)詞原形開(kāi)頭sharpen，意為“改善，提高”；句首單詞首字母大寫(xiě)。故填Sharpen。20.(2023下·高一課時(shí)練習(xí))Thewomanmoved(sharp)acrosstheroomtoblockhisexit.【答案】sharply【詳解】考查副詞。句意：那個(gè)女人猛地穿過(guò)房間擋住了他的出口。空處應(yīng)用副詞，修飾動(dòng)詞moved。sharply意為“急劇地，迅疾而突然地”。故填sharply。21.(2023上·重慶·高一四川外國(guó)語(yǔ)大學(xué)附屬外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)校校考階段練習(xí))Thesmallvillagewasrecentlyvisitedbyaseriousvolcanic(erupt).【答案】eruption【詳解】考查名詞。句意：這個(gè)小山村最近遭遇了一次嚴(yán)重的火山爆發(fā)。分析句子可知，形容詞volcanic(火山的)后接名詞進(jìn)行修飾，且前文中有不定冠詞a修飾，由此判斷，空處應(yīng)使用erupt名詞的單數(shù)形式。故填eruption。考點(diǎn)二、重點(diǎn)詞塊選詞填空選詞填空(可適當(dāng)改變形式)inreliefincaseinthedistancetaketheformofbreakoutsupplysb.with…occurtoatlargerunoutofinform…of…1.Aquarrel________betweenthehusbandandwifewhiletheywerehavingdinner.2.Thismunicationeffortwill________emails,overviewpresentations,andendusertraining.3.Itishopedthatthenewpolicywillbeacceptedbythepublic________.4.Attheendofthetrip,Ihadalmost________themoney.5.Whilepacingupanddowntheroom,agoodideasuddenly________him.6.Pleasetakeacamerawithyoujust________youseesomethingthatmakesagoodpicture.7.Canyouseetheplane________?Itwilldisappearsoon.8.Didanyone________you________theplansthathadbeenchanged?9.Youcandependonusthatwewill________you________thebestservice.10.Shesaidshewasallright,whichmademesigh________.【答案】1.brokeout2.taketheformof3.atlarge4.runoutof5.occurredto6.incase7.inthedistance8.inform;of9.supply;with10.inrelief考點(diǎn)三、重點(diǎn)句型完成句子1.Youhadbettertakeanumbrellawhenyouleave________________.

你離開(kāi)時(shí)最好帶把傘,以防下雨。2.Theparkwasfulloffreshnessandbeautyofspring,________________________________.(with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu))

公園充滿(mǎn)了春天的清新與美麗,太陽(yáng)高照鳥(niǎo)兒歌唱。3.________________________________Ihadmethimsomewhere.(occur)

我突然意識(shí)到我在哪見(jiàn)過(guò)他。4.________________________________,shesetouttocleanthekitchen.(moment)

她一下班回來(lái)就著手打掃廚房。5.I________________________________adriverkindlygavemealift.(bedoing...when...)

我正往家走著,這時(shí)一位好心的司機(jī)讓我搭個(gè)便車(chē)。6.Mikelookedaround________________________________.(asif)

邁克環(huán)顧四周似乎在找人。【答案】1.incaseitrains2.withthesunshiningandbirdssinging3.Itoccurredtomesuddenlythat4.Themomentshecamebackfromwork5.waswalkinghomewhen6.asiflookingforsomeone考點(diǎn)四、重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法單句語(yǔ)法填空1.Astudenthastoclimbatreetostudybecausethenetworksignalinhishomeisnotstrongenough(connect)tohisonlineclasses.【答案】toconnect【詳解】考查不定式作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)。句意：一名學(xué)生不得不爬上一棵樹(shù)學(xué)習(xí)，因?yàn)榧依锏木W(wǎng)絡(luò)信號(hào)不夠強(qiáng)，無(wú)法連接到他的在線課程。“be(not)+形容詞+enoughtodosth”，固定短語(yǔ)，意為“(不)足夠……做某事”，不定式作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)。故填toconnect。2.Carryingadequatebatteries,however,wouldmaketheplanetooheavy(get)offtheground.【答案】toget【詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：然而，攜帶足夠的電池會(huì)使飛機(jī)太重而無(wú)法起飛。too...to...太……而不能……。根據(jù)句意，故填toget。3.Anxiously,shetookthedressoutofthepackageandtriediton,only(find)itdidn’tfit.【答案】tofind【詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：她焦急地從包裹里拿出裙子試了一下，卻發(fā)現(xiàn)不合身。only+不定式，表示意料之外的結(jié)果，所以此處用不定式作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)，find和she之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，用不定式的一般式即可。故填tofind。4.Hehurriedtothebookingoffice,only(tell)thattheticketshadbeensoldout.【答案】tobetold【詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：他匆匆趕往售票處，卻被告知票已售罄。分析句子可知，設(shè)空處構(gòu)成“only+不定式”表示意外的結(jié)果，此處表示“被告知”，應(yīng)使用不定式的被動(dòng)式，故填tobetold。5.Lastsummerholiday,Iwentbacktomyhometown,only(find)theneighborsandthehousesthatIusedtobefamiliarwithweregone.【答案】tofind【詳解】考查動(dòng)詞不定式。句意：去年暑假，我回到家鄉(xiāng)，卻發(fā)現(xiàn)我曾經(jīng)熟悉的鄰居和房子都不見(jiàn)了。“onlytodo”作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)，表示意料之外的結(jié)果。故填tofind。6.(2023上·廣東惠州·高一校考期中)I’llfindaway(improve)onmyown.【答案】toimprove【詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：我會(huì)自己找到改進(jìn)的方法。此處是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作后置定語(yǔ)，修飾名詞way，應(yīng)用不定式作后置定語(yǔ)，修飾名詞way，waytodosth.固定搭配，意為“做某事的方法”，故填toimprove。7.Theymadenoattempt(escape).【答案】toescape【詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：他沒(méi)有企圖逃跑。分析句子可知，句中存在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞made，橫線處使用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式，且attempt是表示“企圖”意義的名詞，因此后接動(dòng)詞不定式作后置定語(yǔ)。故填toescape。8.Ihavemorefreetime(do)otherthingsthatI’minterestedinafterschool.【答案】todo【詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：放學(xué)后，我有更多的空閑時(shí)間做我感興趣的其他事情。根據(jù)句意可知，此處應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞不定式作作后置定語(yǔ)，修飾time。故填todo。9.(2023上·北京·高一北京育才學(xué)校校考階段練習(xí))Suchwarnings(keep)awayfromfireshouldbetakenseriously.【答案】tokeep【詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：這種遠(yuǎn)離火災(zāi)的警告應(yīng)該認(rèn)真對(duì)待。分析句子，句中shouldbetaken為謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，設(shè)空處使用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，此處使用不定式結(jié)構(gòu)作定語(yǔ)。故填tokeep。10.Thereisanurgentneed(finish)thisprojectbytomorrow.【答案】tofinish【詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：迫切需要在明天之前完成這個(gè)項(xiàng)目。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，本空填finish“完成”的不定式，作定語(yǔ)，修飾名詞need。故填tofinish。能力提升閱讀理解(2023上·河南·高一欒川縣第一高級(jí)中學(xué)校聯(lián)考階段練習(xí))HALIFAX,NovaScotia—officialsinCanada’sAtlanticCoastprovinceofNovaScotiasaidSaturdayawildfirethatforcedthousandsofpeopletoleavetheirhomesoverthepastweekisnowlargelycontrolledbecauseofrain.

DavidSteeves,atechnicianofforestresources,saidthefireintheHalifaxareaisabout85%controlled,sitsat9.5squarekilometreandisunlikelytogrowthankstothefirefightingeffortsandlongawaitedrain.Thenewswasalsogoodacrosstheprovince,wherePremierTimHoustonsaidthetotalnumberofactivewildfiresreducedfrom10inthemorningtofivebymidafternoon.“Ifyoustepoutside,youwillseesomethingbeautiful,rain,andhopefullylotsofit,”hetoldanafternoonbriefing(簡(jiǎn)報(bào)).TheblazethatbrokeoutSundayintheHalifaxarearacedthroughanumberofotherplaces,burningupabout200buildings—including151homes—andforcingtheevacuation(疏散)ofmorethan16,000people.Meanwhile,attheprovincialwildfirecentreinShubenacadie,northofHalifax,about20CanadianArmedForcessoldiersstoodinthepouringrainoutsidealightarmoredvehicle(裝甲車(chē)).Lt.Col.MichaelBlanchettesaidthesoldiershadarrivedona“factfindingtask”toseewhatsupportwasneededintheefforttofightthefires.InShelburneCounty,meanwhile,6,700people—abouthalfthecity’spopulation—remainedoutoftheirhomesastheblazethatforcedtheirevacuationcontinuedtoburnoutofcontrol.

DaveRockwood,aspokesmanfortheDepartmentofNaturalResourees,saiditremainedtobeseenthattherewouldbenofurthergrowthandthatfirefighterscouldusemoredirectwaystocontrolit.TwootherfireswhichwereconsideredoutofcontrolonSaturdaymorningwerefinallycontroledlaterintheday,hesaid.1.Whatcanweinferfromthesecondparagraph?A.Rainhelpsfirefightingalot.B.Somethingbeautifulcanbeseenintherain.C.NovaScotia’sfirewasthelargestrecordedoneinhistory.D.ThetotalnumberofactivewildfiresinNovaScotiawas15.2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“blaze”meaninParagraph3?A.Rain. B.Finding. C.Task. D.Fire.3.WhatisRockwood’sattitudetowardsthewildfire?A.Careful. B.Positive. C.Angry. D.Frightened.4.Whatisthetext?A.Aresearchpaper. B.Adiaryentry. C.Anewsreport. D.Adisastersurvey.【答案】1.A2.D3.A4.C【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道。文章報(bào)道了加拿大大西洋沿岸新斯科舍省的一場(chǎng)野火在過(guò)去一周迫使數(shù)千居民離開(kāi)家園。由于降雨，目前火勢(shì)已經(jīng)基本得到控制。1.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“DavidSteeves,atechnicianofforestresources,saidthefireintheHalifaxareaisabout85%controlled,sitsat9.5squarekilometreandisunlikelytogrowthankstothefirefightingeffortsandlongawaitedrain.Thenewswasalsogoodacrosstheprovince,wherePremierTimHoustonsaidthetotalnumberofactivewildfiresreducedfrom10inthemorningtofivebymidafternoon.(森林資源的技術(shù)人員大衛(wèi)·斯蒂夫斯說(shuō)，哈利法克斯地區(qū)的火勢(shì)已得到85%的控制，火勢(shì)面積為9.5平方公里，由于滅火努力和期待已久的降雨，火勢(shì)不太可能擴(kuò)大。全省的情況也很好，省長(zhǎng)蒂姆·休斯頓說(shuō)，活躍的野火總數(shù)從上午的10起減少到下午的5起)”可推知，本段通過(guò)事實(shí)列舉和引言強(qiáng)調(diào)雨水使得野火得到緩解，故選A項(xiàng)。2.詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第三段的“TheblazethatbrokeoutSundayintheHalifaxarearacedthroughanumberofotherplaces,burningupabout200buildings—including151homes—andforcingtheevacuation(疏散)ofmorethan16,000people.(周日發(fā)生在哈利法克斯地區(qū)的大火席卷了其他一些地方，燒毀了大約200棟建筑——包括151棟住宅——并迫使16000多人撤離)”和第四段“forcedtheirevacuationcontinuedtoburnoutofcontrol.(他們被迫撤離，火勢(shì)繼續(xù)失控)”可知，第三段劃線詞的含義為“野火”。故選D項(xiàng)。3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的“DaveRockwood,aspokesman

fortheDepartmentofNaturalResourees,saiditremainedtobeseen

thattherewouldbenofurthergrowthandthatfirefighterscoulduse

moredirectwaystocontrolit.(國(guó)家自然資源部發(fā)言人戴夫·洛克伍德表示，火勢(shì)是否會(huì)進(jìn)一步增長(zhǎng)，消防員是否可以使用更直接的方法來(lái)控制火勢(shì)，還有待觀察)”可推知，洛克伍德對(duì)火勢(shì)不會(huì)進(jìn)一步蔓延持謹(jǐn)慎態(tài)度。故選A項(xiàng)。4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“HALIFAX,NovaScotia—officialsinCanada’sAtlanticCoastprovinceofNovaScotiasaidSaturdayawildfirethatforcedthousandsofpeopletoleavetheirhomesoverthepastweekisnowlargelycontrolledbecauseofrain.(新斯科舍省哈利法克斯——加拿大大西洋沿岸新斯科舍省的官員周六表示，由于降雨，過(guò)去一周迫使數(shù)千人離開(kāi)家園的野火現(xiàn)已基本得到控制)”、第二段的“hetoldanafternoonbriefing(他在下午的新聞發(fā)布會(huì)上說(shuō))”可知，本文報(bào)道了加拿大大西洋沿岸新斯科舍省的一場(chǎng)野火。由此推知，本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道。故選C項(xiàng)。二.完形填空(2023上·安徽淮北·高一淮北一中校考階段練習(xí))On20December,inNewdale,aseriesofhugewavescausedbyanunderseaEarthquakeracedacrosstheoceannearGoldshore.Worsestill,it1thousandsdead.GoldshoreBeachwastheonlylocalbeachto2thedisasterwithoutanylossoflife.A10yearoldgirl,SabrinaAndron,helpedaround100peopleescapedangerwithher3oftsunamis.ThedaybeganlikeanyotheronGoldshoreBeach.Peoplewerewalking,runningorsimplysittingonthesandybeach,4thewarmseaairandenjoyingthesoft5thatbrushedtheirhair.Sabrinawasoneofthehappytouristsuntilshenoticedsomething6.“Thewaterwaslikethebubbles(氣泡)onthetopofabeer,”shelaterexplained.“Itwasn’t7anditwasn’tgoinginandthenout.Itwasjustinginandinandin.”Ithitherthatthesewerethe8ofanupingtsunami,whichSabrinahadjustlearntaboutinaGeographylesson.Sabrinawas9,butshesoonkeptherhead.Shewarnedherparentsofthe10,thoughatfirsttheyjustthoughtshewas11.However,Sabrinawascertainthataterribledisasterwas12andkeptaskingherparentstotalktoasafetyofficer.Tohergreatrelief,theofficer13realizedtheingdanger.Thebeachwasrapidly14ofpeople,justbeforethehugewaves15intothecoast.1.A.brought B.left C.affected D.led2.A.survive B.recognize C.revive D.quit3.A.impression B.knowledge C.wisdom D.detail4.A.takingin B.makingup C.focusingon D.checkingout5.A.sunshine B.wind C.whistle D.wave6.A.unique B.powerful C.attractive D.strange7.A.narrow B.adventurous C.calm D.distant8.A.damages B.signs C.effects D.results9.A.confused B.embarrassed C.frightened D.annoyed10.A.stress B.development C.credit D.danger11.A.cheating B.debating C.joking D.helping12.A.undercontrol B.onhand C.onschedule D.onitsway13.A.actually B.anxiously C.curiously D.immediately14.A.revived B.warned C.cleared D.reminded15.A.crashed B.slid C.divided D.tapped【答案】1.B2.A3.B4.A5.B6.D7.C8.B9.C10.D11.C12.D13.D14.C15.A【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了一個(gè)小女孩SabrinaAndron用自己的海嘯知識(shí)幫助100多人逃離危險(xiǎn)。1.考查動(dòng)詞詞義