新世紀(jì)大學(xué)英語(yǔ)第四冊(cè)第一單元語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)解析

LanguagePointsforUnit1

StudyoftheText

DifficultSentences

1.Weareconnectedwithnatureby“bloodties”andwecannotlive

outsidenature.

(1)Whatdoes"bloodties55referto?

A:Itreferstosuchverycloserelationshipaskinship.

(2)Translatethesentence.

T:我們與大自然血肉相連，離開大自然，我們將無(wú)法生存。

2.Humanityconvertsnature'swealthintothemeansofthecultural,

historicallifeofsociety.

Q:Translatethesentence.

T:人類把自然資源轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)楦鞣N文化和社會(huì)歷史的財(cái)富。

3.Notonlyhasmantransferredvariousspeciesofplantsandanimalsto

differentclimaticconditions,hehasalsochangedtheshapeandclimate

ofhisenvironmentandtransformedplantsandanimals.

(1)Analyzethestructureofthissentence.

A:Thisisacompoundsentenceledby“notonly...(but)also”.Thefirst

halfledby“notonly^^istheinvertedstructure.

Moreexamples:

NotonlyisTomveryclever,heisalsoverydiligent.

Notonlydidhelosehisbag,buthehimselfgotlost.

Notonlydoeshewritethelyricstothesongs,buthealsocomposesthe

music.

(2)Paraphrasethissentence.

A:Manhasshifteddifferentkindsofplantsandanimalstoareaswith

differentclimatesfromthoseoftheiroriginalhabitats.Moreover,manhas

transformedtheshapeandclimateofhisownenvironmentand

accordinglytheplantsandanimalshavealsoadaptedthemselvestothe

changes.

4.Naturewithitselementalforceswasregardedassomethinghostileto

man.

(1)Whatcanwelearnfromthissentence?

A:Wecanlearnthatthepowerofnatureisoutofman'scontrolsothatit

isbelievedtobeunfavorabletohumanity.

(2)TranslatethissentenceintoChinese.

T:大自然及其威力被看成是和人類敵對(duì)的東西。

5.Thiswasalldoneinthenameofcivilization,whichmeanttheplaces

wheremanhadmadehishome,wheretheearthwascultivated,wherethe

foresthadbeencutdown.

(1)Analyzethestructureofthissentence.

A:Theattributiveclauseledbyttwhich,'includesanotherthreeattributive

clausesledby“where“inparallelstructure.

(2)TranslatethissentenceintoChinese.

T:這一切都是打著“文明”的旗號(hào)進(jìn)行的。所謂“文明”，就是人類

在哪里建立家園、耕耘土地，哪里的森林就被砍伐。

6.Scienceandman'spracticaltransformingactivitieshavemade

humanityawareoftheenormousgeologicalroleplayedbytheindustrial

transformationoftheearth.

Q:Paraphrasethissentence

A:Manhasrealizedthegreatgeologicalchangescausedbytheindustrial

influenceontheearth,whichismadebyscienceandman'stransforming

activitiesinpractice.

7.Atpresent,thepreviousdynamicbalancebetweenmanandnatureand

betweennatureandsocietyasawhole,hasshownominoussignsof

breakingdown.

(1)Whatcanwelearnfromthissentence?

A:Wecanlearnfromthesentencethatmanhasthreatenedthebalance

betweenmanandnatureandbetweennatureandsociety,whichusedto

bemaintaineddynamically,butnowtendstocollapse.

(2)TranslatethissentenceintoChinese.

T:目前，人與自然以及自然與社會(huì)整體之間過(guò)去存在的動(dòng)態(tài)平衡，

已顯現(xiàn)出崩潰的跡象。

8.Moderntechnologyisdistinguishedbyanever-increasingabundance

ofproducedandusedsyntheticgoods.

(1)Whatcanwelearnfromthissentence?

A:Wecaninferfromthissentencethatitismoderntechnology,toagreat

extent,thatenablestheproductionandconsumptionoflargequantitiesof

syntheticgoods.

(2)TranslatethissentenceintoChinese.

T:現(xiàn)代技術(shù)的特征是生產(chǎn)和使用日益豐富的人工合成產(chǎn)品。

9.Itssolutionliesinrationalandwiseorganizationofbothproduction

itselfandcareforMotherNature,notjustbyindividuals,enterprisesor

countries,butbyallhumanity.

Q:TranslatethissentenceintoChinese.

T:這一問(wèn)題的解決之道在于理性而明智地協(xié)調(diào)生產(chǎn)和對(duì)大自然的關(guān)

愛之間的關(guān)系，這不僅要依靠個(gè)人、企業(yè)或者國(guó)家的力量，而且要依

靠全人類的力量。

10.Buttoreturntoourtheme,thebittertruthisthatthosehumanactions

whichviolatethelawsofnature,theharmonyofthebiosphere,threaten

tobringdisastermayturnouttobeuniversal.

(1)Paraphrasethissentence

A:Aswecometothetopicunderdiscussion,itispainfultoseethefact

thathumanactivitiesmaywellbringdisasterthroughtheviolationofthe

lawsofnatureandtheharmonyofthebiosphere.

(2)TranslatethissentenceintoChinese.

T:但是，回到我們?cè)鹊闹黝}上，令人難以接受的事實(shí)是那些違背

了自然規(guī)律、破壞了生物圈和諧的人類行為將會(huì)帶來(lái)災(zāi)難，而這一事

實(shí)可能是普遍存在的。

LanguagePoints

1.realm:n.acountryruledoverbyakingorqueen;ageneralareaof

knowledge,activity,orthought

e.g.Thekinghadtocallrepresentativesofdifferentclassesoftherealm

intoconsultationuponthenationaleconomiccrisis.

T:Themoviehasbroughtchildrentoarealmofimagination.

影片將孩子們帶入了幻想的王國(guó)。

Collocations:

publicrealm公眾領(lǐng)域

e.g.Healwaysprojectsanimageofsuccessinpublicrealm.

T:他總是以成功人士的形象出現(xiàn)在公眾面前。

withintherealmsofpossibility有可能的

Itwasactuallywithintherealmsofpossibility.

T:這是完全有可能的。

2.interac|:vi.ifpeopleorthingsinteractwitheachother,theyaffecteach

other

e.g.Lucyinteractswellwithotherchildrenintheclass.

T:所有事物都是互相聯(lián)系又互相作用的。

Allthingsareinterrelatedandinteractwitheachother.

3.transform:vt.tocompletelychangetheappearance,form,orcharacter

ofsomethingorsomeone,especiallyinawaythatimprovesit

e.g.Increasedpopulationhastransformedthelandscape.

T:這部戲兒乎在一夜之間把她從一個(gè)不為人知的校園女生變成了演

藝巨星。

Theplaytransformedheralmostovernightfromanunknownschoolgirl

intoamegastar.

CF:change,convert&transform這些動(dòng)詞均有“變化，改變”之意。

change指任何變化，完全改變，強(qiáng)調(diào)與原先的情況有明顯的不同。

convert指進(jìn)行全部或局部改變以適應(yīng)新的功能或用途。指信仰或態(tài)

度時(shí)，強(qiáng)調(diào)較激烈、大的改變。

transform指人或物在形狀、外觀、形式、性質(zhì)等方面發(fā)生的徹底變

化，失去原狀成為全新的東西。

Directions:Fillintheblankswiththewordsabove.Changetheform

wherenecessary.

(1)Inordertotransformtheirenvironment,hedrewuptheproject.

(2)Carbondioxidecanbeconvertedintooxygenthroughtheagencyof

plant.

(3)Whydotheleavesontreeschangecolourinautumn?

(4)Healwaysattemptstoconvertotherstoaparticulardoctrineorbelief.

4.convert:v.tochangesomethingintoadifferentformofthing,orto

changesomethingsothatitcanbeusedforadifferentpurposeorina

differentway

e.g.Theyconvertedthesparebedroomintoanoffice.

Intheprocess,thelightenergyconvertstoheatenergy.

T:他成功地讓我接受了他的觀點(diǎn)。

Hesucceededinconvertingmetohispointofview.

5.subdue:vt.gaincontrolof,esp.bydefeating

e.g.Foracenturywelabouredtosettleandtosubduethecontinent.

T:警方設(shè)法制服了憤怒的人群。

Policemanagedtosubduetheangrycrowd.

NB:該詞的過(guò)去分詞subdued可作形容詞，意為“柔和的，減弱的，

無(wú)精打采的”。例如：

Inthebar,thereissubduedlightandsoftmusic.

Richardseemsverysubduedtonight.

6.discipline:

(1)vt.trainordevelop,esp.inobedienceandself-control

e.g.Discipliningchildrentakespatienceandconsistency.

T:不同文化中對(duì)于孩子的訓(xùn)導(dǎo)方式是不一樣的。

Differentcultureshavedifferentwaysofdiscipliningtheirchildren.

⑵n.

1)awayoftrainingsomeonesothattheylearntocontroltheirbehaviour

andobey

rules

e.g.Thebookgivesparentsadviceondiscipline.

2)anareaofknowledgeorteaching

e.g.Theinformationthathasevolvedinonedisciplinemaypermit

excitingadvancementinanother.

T:她對(duì)營(yíng)銷這門學(xué)科的實(shí)踐知識(shí)和強(qiáng)烈的求知欲給我留下了深刻的

印象。

Iwasgreatlyimpressedbyherpracticalknowledgeofthedisciplineof

marketingandherstrongdesiretolearnmore.

Collocations:disciplineproblemZ己律問(wèn)題；disciplineoneself自律；instill

disciplineintosb.灌輸紀(jì)律觀念

7.compel:vt.make(apersonorthing)dosth.,byforce,moralpersuasion,

orordersthatmustbeobeyed

e.g.Ourmindsaresoconstructedthattheycompelustoviewtheexternal

worldinonlyoneway.

T:法律要求雇主必須提供健康保險(xiǎn)。

Thelawcompelsemployerstoprovidehealthinsurance.

CF:compel,force&oblige這些動(dòng)詞均含"迫使"之意。

compel指在法律、權(quán)力、力量或行動(dòng)等的驅(qū)使下被迫而為。例如：

Aparentmaycompelhischildtodohislessonsbythreateningtosuspend

hisallowance.

T:家長(zhǎng)可能會(huì)采用威脅暫停津貼的辦法迫使其子女學(xué)習(xí)。

force指用個(gè)人意志、權(quán)力、權(quán)威或暴力等，迫使他人改變看法或做

本不愿做的事。例如：

Governmenttroopshaveforcedtherebelstosurrender.

T:政府軍已經(jīng)迫使叛亂者投降。

oblige指由于生理或道德上的需要，促使某人做某事，也指有權(quán)威的

人或機(jī)構(gòu)迫使某人做某事，還可指在特定情況下被迫作出的反應(yīng)。例

如：

Circumstanceshadobligedhimtosellthebusiness.

T:形勢(shì)逼迫他賣掉公司。

8.transfer:

(1)v.movefromoneplace,job,position,etc.,toanother

e.g.MichaeltransferredfromCompany6totheSecurityService.

⑵n.

e.g.Mostofthebillsarepaidbyelectronictransfer.

T:權(quán)力的移交迅速而又和平地得以實(shí)現(xiàn)。

Thetransferofpowerwaseffectedswiftlyandpeacefully.

9.infearof:inastateoffearabout

e.g.Ordinarypeoplelivedinfearofbeingarrestedbythesecretpolice.

T:他們生活在不斷的饑餓恐懼中。

Theyliveincontinualfearofstarvation.

10.attain:vt.tosucceedinachievingsomethingaftertryingforalong

time

e.g.Morewomenareattainingpositionsofpowerinpubliclife.

T:他們最后一定能獲得解放。

They'resuretoattainemancipationintheend.

11.hostile:a.showingextremedislikeordisapproval;unfriendly

e.g.SenatorLydonwashostiletoourproposals.

T:工程進(jìn)展得很慢，因?yàn)椴簧賹W(xué)者對(duì)普通人持?jǐn)硨?duì)態(tài)度。

Theprojectproceededslowlybecausemanyscholarswerehostiletothe

commonpeople.

12.retreat:vi.movebackorleaveacenteroffightingorotheractivity,

esp.whenforcedtodoso

e.g.Perrylitthefuseandretreatedtoasafedistance.

T:從公眾生活中隱退是不明智的。

Itwasnotasensiblechoicetoretreatfrompubliclife.

CF:retire,retreat&withdraw這些動(dòng)詞均含“退下，退卻”之意。

retire指從公開或公共場(chǎng)合退下到私下場(chǎng)所，也指被免除職務(wù)或自動(dòng)

辭職、退役等。例如：

Iretiredfromteachingthreeyearsago.

T:三年前我就不再教書了。

retreat含消極意味，多指被迫采取退下或退卻的行動(dòng)。

Theenemywasforcedtoretreat.

T:敵軍被迫撤退了。

withdraw強(qiáng)調(diào)因某種原因而有意離開，常含禮貌、謙恭等理由。也指

軍隊(duì)的撤退。

Asthetroopswithdraw,theentirecitycelebratedtheliberation.

T:部隊(duì)撤退時(shí),整個(gè)城市歡慶解放。

13.concerned:a.affectedbysomethingorworriedaboutit;believing

somethingisimportant

e.g.Allthepeoplepresentareconcernedwithchildren'seducation.

T:很多政客更關(guān)注的是權(quán)力和控制而不是人民的利益。

Manypoliticiansaremoreconcernedwithpowerandcontrolthanwith

thegoodofthepeople.

Collocations:concernedwith關(guān)注，關(guān)心；與...相關(guān)；concerned

about/for擔(dān)心，關(guān)愛；concernedtodosth.專注于做某

事；asfaras…isconcerned就...而言

14.ominous:a.makingyoufeelthatsomethingbadisgoingtohappen

e.g.Thecarismakinganominousrattlingsound.

T:不祥的黑云預(yù)示著雷暴的到來(lái)。

Theominousblackcloudspredictedthecomingthunderstorm.

15.acute:a.severe;verygreat

e.g.Thehousingshortageismoreacutethanfirstthought.

T:一顆蛀牙可以引起強(qiáng)烈的疼痛。

Abadtoothcancauseacutepain.

Collocations:acutedisease急性病；acuteanxiety急劇焦慮；acute

shortage嚴(yán)重短缺；acutesense敏銳的感覺；acutemind

機(jī)智的頭腦

16.substance:n.amaterial;typeofmatter

e.g.Theleaveswerecoveredwithastrangestickysubstance.

T:大氣中的有害物質(zhì)威脅著人們的健康。

Harmfulsubstancesintheatmospherearethreateningpeople'shealth.

17.complex:

(1)a.consistingofmanydifferentpartsandoftendifficulttounderstand

e.g.Acomplexhighwaysystemistobeestablishedinordertoenhance

thenationaltransportation.

T:隨著我們的工業(yè)和社會(huì)環(huán)境變得更加錯(cuò)綜復(fù)雜，供電可靠性方面的

要求也與日俱增。

Thedemandsforreliabilityofpowersupplyincreasedailyasour

industrialandsocialenvironmentbecomesmorecomplex.

(2)n.agroupofbuildings,oralargebuildingwithmanyparts,usedfora

particularpurpose

e.g.Theyliveinathree-storyapartmentcomplex.

CF:complex,complicated,sophisticated&intricate這些形容詞均含“復(fù)

雜的”意思。

complex強(qiáng)調(diào)內(nèi)在關(guān)系的復(fù)雜，需通過(guò)仔細(xì)研究與了解才能掌握和運(yùn)

用。

complicated與complex的含義接近，但語(yǔ)氣更強(qiáng)，著重極其復(fù)雜，很

難分析、分辨或解釋。

sophisticated強(qiáng)調(diào)事物達(dá)到高級(jí)的程度所體現(xiàn)出的復(fù)雜性。

intricate著重指錯(cuò)綜復(fù)雜，令人迷惑不解。

Directions:Fillintheblankswiththewordsabove.Changetheform

wherenecessary.

1)Peterseemedtohaveagoodunderstandingofthemost

complex/complicatedissues.

2)Joanshowsmethehighlysophisticatedcomputersoftware.

3)Mentalillnessisaverycomplicatedsubject.

4)Theplotofthenovelisintricateandfascinating.

5)Thehigherthelevelofcompetition,themoresophisticatedthetiming

systems.

18.distinguish:v.makessomeoneorsomethingdifferentorspecial

e.g.Thefactorthatdistinguishesthiscompanyfromthecompetitionis

customerservice.

Hisattorneyarguedthathecouldnotdistinguishbetweenrightand

wrong.

T:他們找到了一種方法將癌細(xì)胞從正常組織中區(qū)分開來(lái)。

Theyhavefoundamethodofdistinguishingcancercellsfromnormal

tissue.

19.synthetic:a.producedbysynthesizing;notnaturallyproduced;

artificial

e.g.Amongthesyntheticfibresusedinfurnishingfabricsarenylon,

polyesterandacrylic.

T:我們已經(jīng)學(xué)會(huì)了從自然界提取原材料創(chuàng)造新的合成材料。

Wehavelearnedtoextractrawmaterialsfromnaturetocreatenew

syntheticmaterials.

20.glitter:vi.shinebrightlywithflashingpointsoflight

e.g.Theriverglitteredinthesunlight.

T:晨露在陽(yáng)光下閃爍。

Themorningdewsglitterinthesun.

CF:flash,gleam&glitter這些動(dòng)詞都有“閃光,閃爍，閃亮”之意。

flash指突然發(fā)出隨即消失的閃光，如閃電的光。例如：

Lightningflashedoverhead.

T:閃電在頭頂閃光。

gleam指透過(guò)間隔物或映襯于較暗背景上的微弱光線。例如：

Daywasbythistimeapproaching,thewestwasdim,theeastbeginning

togleam.

T:這時(shí)，白晝逐漸到來(lái)，西面一片朦朧，東邊開始熠熠發(fā)光。

glitter指連續(xù)發(fā)出的閃爍不定的光。例如：

Hisblueeyesglitteredwithanger.

T:他的藍(lán)眼睛閃爍著憤怒的光芒。

21.cycle:

(1)n.anumberofrelatedeventshappeninginaregularlyrepeatedorder

e.g.Sometimestheonlywaytobreakthecycleofviolenceinthehomeis

forthewifetoleave.

(2)v.travelbybicycle;gothroughaseriesofrelatedeventsagainand

again

e.g.Hecyclestoworkeveryday.

T:水通過(guò)機(jī)器循環(huán)再利用。

Thewateriscycledthroughthemachineandreused.

Collocations:breakthecycle打破循環(huán);cyclingtour騎車環(huán)游；cycle

lane/path/route自行車道;lifecycle生命周期

22.asyet:untilnow

e.g.Themeetingwillbeheldonanasyetundecideddate.

T:我們到現(xiàn)在還沒(méi)有科林的消息。

We'vehadnowordfromColinasyet.

23.theme:n.themainsubjectorideainapieceofwriting,speech,film,

etc

e.g.Thebook'sthemeistheconflictbetweenloveandduty.

T:林奇的大部分畫作是關(guān)于同一主題的不同變體。

MostofLynch'spictureswerevariationsonthesametheme.

CF:issue,theme&topic這些名詞均有“主題、話題”之意。

issue指有爭(zhēng)論、急需討論研究的熱點(diǎn)話題。

theme正式用詞，多指文學(xué)、藝術(shù)作品的主題或論文、演說(shuō)的主題。

topic普通用詞，含義廣泛，既可指文章、講話的題目，談話的內(nèi)容,

又可指提綱中的標(biāo)題甚至段落的主題或中心思想。

Directions:Fillintheblankswiththewordsabove.Changetheform

wherenecessary.

(1)Capitalpunishmentisahighlycontroversialissue.

(2)TheirstoryechoesthecentralthemeinPart1ofthisbookPrinciples.

(3)Globalwarmingandyouthcrimearethekeyissuesintheelection

campaign.

(4)Theweddinghasbeentheonlytopicofconversationforweeks.

24.threaten:beadangerorthreatto;seemlikely(toharm,spoil,ruin,

etc.)

e.g.Hethreatenedtotakethemtocourt.

T:這一事件將有損他的聲譽(yù)。

Theincidentthreatenstoruinhisreputation.

25.apt:a.

1)exactlysuitable

e.g.”Loveatfirstsight“isaveryaptdescriptionofhowhefeltwhenhe

sawher.

T:懲罰應(yīng)當(dāng)與罪行相適應(yīng)。

Thepunishmentshouldbeaptforthecrime.

2)havinganaturaltendencytodosomething

e.g.SomeofthestaffareapttoarrivelateonMondays.

新世紀(jì)大學(xué)英語(yǔ)第四冊(cè)第三單元語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)解析

漳州師范學(xué)院大學(xué)英語(yǔ)教學(xué)部加入時(shí)間：

2011-4-1817:46:55瀏覽數(shù)：91

字體：大中小背景：純白淺綠淺黃淺紅淺蘭

LanguagePointsforUnit3

1.lookinto:examinethemeaningorcausesof;investigate

T:委員會(huì)收到了投訴，正在調(diào)查。

Thecommitteehavereceivedthecomplaint,andthey'relookingintoit.

e.g.Thepolicelookedintohisbusinessdealingsandfoundsomething

suspicious.

2.inaway:tosomeextent

e.g.Ilikethenewstyle,inaway.

e.g.Inawaywealltendtorememberthegoodtimesandforgetthebad.

MatchtheEnglishexpressionwithitscorrespondingChinesetranslation.

bywayof通過(guò)，經(jīng)由

ononesway在來(lái)、去或旅行的過(guò)程中

gooutoftheway不怕麻煩地

intheway擋道地

outoftheway不擋道

3.interface:n.

1).asurfaceformingacommonboundarybetweenadjacentregions,

bodies,substances,orphases

T:人機(jī)界面

theman-machineinterface

2).apointatwhichindependentsystemsordiversegroupsinteract

e.g.JackKrollsaid:"Muchoftherealityistobefoundintheinterface

betweencrimeandpolitics/5

theinterfacebetweentechnologyanddesign

NBinterface常與between連用。

4.consume:vt.

1).useup(time,money,goods,etc.)

e.g.Arguingaboutdetailsconsumedmanyhoursofthecommittee's

valuabletime.

2).destroy

e.g.Thefirequicklyconsumedthewoodenhut.

3).[oftenpass.]absorb,engross

e.g.Shewasconsumedwithguilt.

NB:該詞的名詞形式為consumptiono

5.remain:v.

1).continuetobe(inaunchangedstate)

e.g.Heremainedaprisonerfortherestofhislife.

2).stayorbeleftbehindafterothershavegone,beenlost,etc.

e.g.Theonlyremainingquestioniswhetherornotwecanraisethe

money.

CF:continue,last&remain

這三個(gè)詞都是動(dòng)詞，都有“繼續(xù)存在、經(jīng)受住”之意。

continue為中性詞，且不帶任何感情色彩，指從開始到結(jié)束之間的任

何延伸過(guò)程。例如：

ShallIcontinueorstophere?

我是繼續(xù)(講)下去，還是就此打住？

last即“持續(xù)、經(jīng)受住”之意，特指某事物繼續(xù)存在或者最為普遍意

義上的時(shí)間持續(xù)。例如：

Sheisfondofperfumewiththescentthatlastsalongtime.

她喜歡芳香味長(zhǎng)留不散的香水。

remain指人或物移去、分離或毀壞后仍留在原地。例如：

Littleofthebuildingremainedaftertheexplosion.

爆炸后，該建筑物所剩無(wú)兒

6.quest:n.

1).alongsearch

T:thequestforknowledge

尋求知識(shí)

e.g.thecontinuingquestforacureforthedisease

2).anattempttofindsomething

e.g.Theytraveledinquestofgold.

Shehadcomeinquestofadvice.

7.likewise:ad.

1).inthesameway,similarly

e.g.Thestockbrokerboughtsharesinthecompanyandadvisedhisclients

todolikewise.

2).also

e.g.Youmustpackplentyoffood.Likewise,you'llneedwarmclothes,so

packthemtoo.

CF:likewise,besides&furthermore

這三個(gè)詞都是副詞，都有“也、而且”之意。

likewise較正式，它所表示的“也”具有比較明確的含義。

besides所指的“而且”起到加強(qiáng)前述內(nèi)容的作用。

furthermore最正式，多用于在一系列的同等成分的句子中，而且前面

可以用besideso

Directions:Fillintheblankswiththewordsabove.Changetheform

wherenecessary.

(1).Thehouseistoosmall,and,it'stoofarfromthecity,

(furthermore)

(2).Watchhimanddo.(likewise).

(3).Forthisjobyouneedalotofpatience;youneedasenseof

humor,(likewise)

(4).Idon'tlikethoseshoes;,itisbeginningtorain,(besides)

(5).Theycannotdoit,and,nooneelseappearstowanttodo

iteither,(furthermore)

(6),It'stoolatetogoforawalknow;,itisbeginningto

rain.(besides)

8.luck:

1).vi.gainsuccessorsomethingdesirablebychance

T:luckoutinfindingthatrarebook

憑運(yùn)氣發(fā)現(xiàn)那本珍貴的書

2).n.

1)thechancehappeningoffortunateoradverseevents;fortune

e.g.HereachedthefoodbeforeIdid,worseluck!

2)successorsomethinggoodthathappensasaresultofchance,good

fortune

e.g.Shewon$500inthelottery;somepeoplehavealltheluck.

Collocations:

tryone'sluck碰碰運(yùn)氣

abitofluck走運(yùn)

inluck運(yùn)氣好

outofluck運(yùn)氣不好

9.sheer:a.

1).pure;unmixedwithanythingelse;nothingbut

e.g.Thesheersizeofthecountrycausestremendouscommunications

problems.

2).verysteep;straightupanddown

e.g.asheercliff

10.closeoff:separate(somethingorsomepeople)fromtheareaaroundit

sothatpeoplecannotgothereoruseit

e.g.Whywastheareaclosedofftoalltraffic?

T:《封鎖我一生》

CloseoffMyLife

11.openup:makepossiblethedevelopmentof

e.g.TheOctoberRevolutionopenedupanewepochinworldhistory.

Theyhavealreadymadeplanstoopenupthemine.

12.paralyze:vt.

1).affectwithparalysis;causetobeparalytic

e.g.Aftertheaccidentshewasparalyzedfromthewaistdown.

2).makeunabletomoveoract

e.g.Hestoodparalyzedbyfear.

3).makeineffective;causetostopworking

T:阻礙經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)的嚴(yán)格的規(guī)章制度

strictregulationsthatparalyzeeconomicactivity

e.g.Theelectricityfailureparalyzedthetrainservice.

13.qualify:v.

1).reachanecessarystandard,e.g.ofknowledge,ability,orperformance,

orgetaqualification

e.g.Herteachingexperiencequalifiesheradmirablyforthejob.

T:資格賽

aqualifyingmatch

2).limittheforceormeaningof(somethingstated);modify

e.g.In“theopendoor"，"open"isanadjectivequalifying“door”.

CF:enable,authorize&qualify

這三個(gè)詞都是動(dòng)詞，都有“使某人能夠做某事”之意。

enable表示提供手段、機(jī)會(huì)使某人能夠做某事，或準(zhǔn)許、授權(quán)某人做

某事。

authorize表示得到官方許可、批準(zhǔn)。

qualify表示使某人具有某種資格，或使合格。

Directions:Fillintheblankswiththewordsabove.Changetheform

wherenecessary.

(1).Thegovernmentthepublicationofthisbook,(authorized)

(2).Imustmyselfforthepost,(qualify)

(3).Aneagle'slargewingsittoflyveryfast,(enable)

(4).Thefallinthevalueofcurrencywillustoexportmore

goods,(enable)

(5).Awalkalongthesideofthelakeforawhilehardlyas

exercise,(qualifies)

(6).Fvebeenbythecourttorepossessthisproperty,

(authorized)

14.column:n.

1).tallpillar,usu.roundandmadeofstone,eithersupportingpartofthe

roofofabuildingorstandingaloneasamonument

e.g.Thetempleissupportedbymassivecolumns.

T:此廟由粗大的柱子支撐。

agracefulIoniccolumn

2).somethingresemblinganarchitecturalpillarinformorfunction

e.g.acolumnofmercuryinathermometer

3).oneoftwoormoreverticalsectionsofprintedmaterialonapage

e.g.Eachpageofthisdictionaryhastwocolumnsoftext.

4).partofanewspaperregularlydealingwithaparticularsubjector

writtenbythesamejournalist

e.g.thecorrespondencecolumnsof“TheTimes^^

Collocations:

writeacolumn撰寫專欄

advertisingcolumns廣告欄

correspondencecolumns讀者信息欄

asportscolumn體育欄

apersonalcolumn個(gè)人廣告欄

15.hopeless:a.givingnocauseforhope

e.g.MostofthestudentsaremakinggoodprogressbutJeremyseemsa

hopelesscase.

It'shopelesstryingtoconvinceher.

16.inevitably:ad.inawaythatcannotbeavoidedorpreventedfrom

happening

inevitable:a.

1).thatcannotbeavoided;thatissuretohappen

T:不可避免的災(zāi)難

aninevitabledisaster

e.g.Itseemsinevitablethatthey'lllose.

2).sofrequentlyseen,heard,etc.thatitisfamiliarandexpected

e.g.atouristwithhisinevitablecamera

CF:inevitable,unavoidable&doomed

這三個(gè)詞都是形容詞，都有“不可避免的、注定的”意思。

inevitable指不能被躲避、逃避，表示事情必然發(fā)生。例如：

Anargumentisinevitablebecausetheydislikedeachothersomuch.

爭(zhēng)論是不可避免的，因?yàn)樗麄內(nèi)绱擞憛拰?duì)方.

unavoidable指即使采取謹(jǐn)慎的行動(dòng)也無(wú)法逃脫將要發(fā)生的事情，如破

產(chǎn)、結(jié)婚等時(shí)以說(shuō)是unavoidable,而死亡或命運(yùn)則是inevitableo例

如：

Noiseisunavoidablewhenyoulearntobeatadrum.

學(xué)習(xí)打鼓，噪音是不可避免的。

doomed概指貶義，多指悲慘的和不可抵抗的命運(yùn)，即使后面不接其

他成分也是如此。例如：

TheyinformedthePrimeMinisterthathisgovernmentwasdoomed.

他們告訴首相，他的政府注定要垮臺(tái)。

17.rigidity:n.

1).thequalityorstateofbeingrigid

T:Therigidityofthemetalcausedittocrack.

這金屬因剛度強(qiáng)而產(chǎn)生裂紋。

2).aninstanceofbeingrigid

e.g.Hedeploredtherigidityofherviews.

rigid:a.

1).stiff;notbendingoryielding

e.g.arigidsupportforthetent

e.g.Herfacewasrigidwithterror.

2).strict;firm;unchanging

e.g.therigiddisciplineofarmylife

T:厲行節(jié)約

practicerigideconomy

18.stiff:a.

1).noteasilybent,folded,moved,changedinshape,etc

e.g.asheetofstiffcardboard

e.g.Shoesareoftenstiffwhentheyarenew.

2).fullofdetermination

e.g.Thearmyencounteredstiffresistancefromrebelsinthehills.

3).hardtodo;difficult

e.g.Theygavemeaverystiffassignment.

T:astiffclimb吃力的攀登

CF:inflexible,rigid&stiff

這三個(gè)詞都是形容詞，都有“堅(jiān)定的、穩(wěn)定的”意思。

強(qiáng)調(diào)缺乏柔韌性，更側(cè)重于無(wú)伸縮性，不可改變等意思。

inflexible用來(lái)描寫堅(jiān)硬的、根本不能彎曲的，而彎曲后即折斷的東西。

rigid是個(gè)常用詞，可以泛指一切不易被彎曲的東西，主要指質(zhì)地堅(jiān)硬,

stiff很難弄彎變其形狀。

Directions:Fillintheblankswiththewordsabove.Changetheform

wherenecessary.

(1).Hehascourage,(inflexible)

(2).Hismoustachewasasasatoothbrush.(stiff)

(3).Thebodiesofanimalsbecameafterdeath,(rigid)

(4).Neitherthreatsnorpromisescouldchangehisdetermination,

(inflexible)

(5).Hislegsfeltfromhavingsatforsolong,(stiff)

(6).Thatisatentsupportedonaframework,(rigid)

Collocations:

frozenstiff凍僵的

scaredstiff嚇得不能動(dòng)彈的

gostiff變得僵硬

19.unbending:a.

1）.notyielding;inflexible

e.g.anunbendingwilltodominate

2）.aloofandoftenantisocial;extremelyreserved

e.g.anunbendingattitude

T:冷漠的態(tài)度

asternunbendingman

20.yielding:a.likelytoagreewithothersoraccepttheirwishes

e.g.Youshouldn'tbeyieldingallthetime.

e.g.outwardlyyieldingbutinwardlyfirm

21.humility:n.humbleattitudeofmind;modesty

e.g.Isaythisinallhumility,i.e.,withoutwishingtoappearboastful.

T:很謙遜的人

apersonofgreathumility

Collocations:

demonstrate/displayhumility顯示謙恭

in/withhumility謙恭地

信息來(lái)源（出處）：大學(xué)英語(yǔ)第二教研室

漳州師范學(xué)院大學(xué)英語(yǔ)教學(xué)部

漳州師范學(xué)院大學(xué)英語(yǔ)教學(xué)部（2006-20⑵?版權(quán)所有地址:漳州

師范學(xué)院綜合樓中區(qū)706

郵編:363000電話:+86.596E-mail:master@

網(wǎng)tit:精網(wǎng)盟建站DesignBy

Design1024*768(pixels)

新世紀(jì)大學(xué)英語(yǔ)第四冊(cè)第五單元語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)解析

漳州師范學(xué)院大學(xué)英語(yǔ)教學(xué)部加入時(shí)間：

2011-4-1817:46:55瀏覽數(shù)：165

字體：大中小背景：純白淺綠淺黃淺紅淺蘭

LanguagePointsforUnit5

1.publicity:n.publicnoticeorattention

e.g.Wehaveplannedanexcitingpublicitycampaignwithour

advertisers.

T:她的新劇作獲得廣泛宣傳。

(=Hernewplayhasattractedalotofpublicity.)

Collocations:

gain/get/receivepublicity取得名氣；引人注目

seekpublicity追求名氣

avoidpublicity避免引人注目

extensive/widepublicity廣為宣傳

2.accompany:vt.gowithsomeoneortobeprovidedorexistatthesame

timeassomething

e.g.Warshipswillaccompanytheconvoy.

Hewasaccompaniedontheexpeditionbyhiswife.

3.adverse:a.havinganegativeorharmfuleffectonsomething

e.g.Sofarthedrugisthoughtnottohaveanyadverseeffects.

T:他的健康因氣候影響而嚴(yán)重受損.

(=Hishealthwasadverselyaffectedbytheclimate.)

CF:adverse,opposite&contrary

這些形容詞均含“相反的，對(duì)立的”意思。

adverse通常指違害利益的、不友好的等，側(cè)重分歧。

opposite指位置、方向、行動(dòng)或想法等完全相反。

contrary一般指與某種主張、看法或行為等正好相反，隱含否定一

方異示意味著肯定身一方而意味。

(Directions:)Fillintheblankswiththewordsabove.Changetheform

wherenecessary.

(1)topopularopinion,Idon'tdyemyhair!(contrary)

(2)Theyreceivedalotofpublicity/criticismaboutthechanges,

(adverse)

(3)Hispoliticalpositionistoours,(opposite)

(4)She'sturnedouttobetheexactofwhateveryoneexpected,

(opposite)

(5)Thematchhasbeencancelledduetoweatherconditions,

(adverse)

(6)Myfatherisaverycalmperson,butmymotherisjustthe.

(opposite)

(7)toallourexpectations,he'sfoundawell-paidjobandanice

girlfriend.(Contrary)

4.chase:v.followrapidlyinordertocatch

e.g.Thepolicecarwasgoingsofast,itmusthavebeenchasing

someone.

Shewaschasing(after)amanwhohadsnatchedherbag.

T:他追趕竊賊卻未捉住。

(=Hechased(after)theburglarbutcouldn'tcatchhim.)

Patterns:

chaseafterfame追求名望

chaseoutof把...趕出

5.ironic:a.usingorexpressingirony;fullofirony

e.g.Itisironicthatalthoughmanyitemsarenowcheapertomake,

fewerpeoplecanaffordtobuythem.

T:發(fā)生這樣的事情頗有諷刺意味。

(=Thisisaveryironic(al)thingtohappen.)

NB:

ironic是irony的形容詞形式，也可寫為ironical,其副詞形式為

ironically,意為“說(shuō)反話地，諷刺地”。

6.style:n.awayofdoingsomething,especiallyonewhichistypicalofa

person,groupofpeople,placeorperiod

e.g.Hisofficeisveryspecialinstyle,withnodecoration.

T:典型的英國(guó)生活方式

(=atypicallyBritishstyleofliving)

Patterns:

thelateststyle最新款式

instyle華麗地，時(shí)髦地

lackstyle缺乏風(fēng)度

7.portrait:n.apainting,photograph,drawing,etc.ofaper