08年6月四級真題一.寫作部分（9：00－9：30）

PartⅠWriting(30minutes)

Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteALetterofApologyaccordingtotheoutlinegivenbelow.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelowinChinese.

1.娛樂活動多種多樣

2.娛樂活動可能使人們受益，也可能有危害性

3.作為大學(xué)生，我的看法。二.快速閱讀（9：30－9：45）

MediaSelectionforAdvertisements

Afterdeterminingthetargetaudienceforaproductorservice,advertisingagenciesmustselecttheappropriatemediafortheadvertisement.Wediscussherethemajortypesofmediausedinadvertising.Wefocusourattentiononseventypesofadvertising:television,newspapers,radio,magazines,out-of-home.Internet,anddirectmail.Television

Televisionisanattractivemediumforadvertisingbecauseitdeliversmassaudiencestoadvertisers.WhenyouconsiderthatnearlythreeoutoffourAmericanshaveseenthegameshowWhoWantstoBeaMillionaire?youcanunderstandthepoweroftelevisiontocommunicatewithalargeaudience.Whenadvertiserscreateabrand,forexample,theywanttoimpressconsumerswiththebrandanditsimage.Televisionprovidesanidealvehicleforthistypeofcommunication.Buttelevisionisanexpensivemedium,andnotalladvertiserscanaffordtouseit.Television'sinfluenceonadvertisingisfourfold.First,narrowcastingmeansthattelevisionchannelsareseenbyanincreasinglynarrowsegmentoftheaudience.TheGolfChannel,forinstance.

iswatchedbypeoplewhoplaygolf.HomeandGardenTelevisionisseenbythoseinterestedinhouseholdimprovementprojects.Thus,audiencesaresmallerandmorehomogeneous(具有共同特點的)thantheyhavebeeninthepast.Second,thereisanincreaseinthenumberoftelevisionchannelsavailabletoviewers,andthus,advertisers.Thishasalsoresultedinanincreaseinthesheernumberofadvertisementstowhichaudiencesareexposed.Third,digitalrecordingdevicesallowaudiencemembersmorecontroloverwhichcommercialstheywatch.Fourth,controloverprogrammingisbeingpassedfromthenetworkstolocalcableoperatorsandsatelliteprogrammers.Newspaper?Aftertelevision,themediumattractingthenextlargestannualadrevenueisnewspapers.TheNewYorkTimes,whichreachesanationalaudience,accountsfor$1billioninadrevenueannually,iimincreaseditsnationalcirculation(發(fā)行量)by40%andisnowavailableforhomedeliveryinionciues.Locally,newspapersarethelargestadvertisingmedium.Newspapersarealessexpensiveadvertisingmediumthantelevisionandprovideawayforadvertiserstocommunicatealonger.moredetailedmessagetotheiraudiencethantheycanthrough48hours,meaningnewspapersarealsoaquickwayofgettingthemassageout.Newspapersareofenthemostimportantformofnewsforalocalcommunity,andtheydevelopahighdegreeofloyaltyfromlocalreader.Radio

AdvertisingonradiocontinuestogrowRadioisoftenusedinconjunctionwithoutdoorbill-boards(廣告牌)andiheInternettoreachevenmorecustomersthantelevision.Advertisersarelikelytouseradiobecauseitisalessexpensivemediumthantelevision,whichmeansadvertiserscanaffordtorepealtheiradsoften.Internetcompaniesarealsoturning10radioadvertising.Radioprovidesawayforadvertiserstocommunicatewithaudiencemembersatalltimesoftheday.Consumerslistentoradioontheirwaytoschoolorwork,atwork,onthewayhome,andintheeveninghours.Twomajorchanges—satelliteandInternetradio—willforceradioadvertiserstoadapttheirmethods.Bothoftheseradioformsallowlistenerstotuneinstationsthataremoredistantthanthe

localstationstheycouldreceiveinthepast.Asaresult,radiowillincreasinglyattracttargetaudienceswholivemanymilesapart.Magazines

Newsweeklies,women’stitles,andbusinessmagazineshaveallseenincreasesinadvertisingbecausetheyattractthehigh-endmarket,magazinesarepopularwithadvertisersbecauseofthenarrowmarketthattheydeliver.Abroadcastmediumsuchasnetworktelevisionattractsalltypesofaudiencemembers,butmagazineaudiencesaremorehomogeneous,ifyoureadsportsillustrated,forexample,youhavemuchincommonwiththemagazine’sotherreaders.Advertisersseemagazinesasanefficientwayofreachingtargetaudiencemembers.Advertiserusingtheprintmedia-magazinesandnewspapers-willneedtoadapttotwomainchanges.First,theinternetwillbringlargeraudiencestolocalnewspapers,thesesecond.Advertiserswillhavetounderstandhowtouseanincreasingnumberofmagazinesfortheirtargetaudiences.Althoughsomemagazineswillmaintainnationalaudiences,alargenumberofmagazineswillentertainnarroweraudiences.

Out-of-homeadvertising

Out-of-homeadvertising.Alsocalledplace-basedadvertising,hasbecomeanincreasinglyeffectivewayofreachingconsumers,whoaremoreactivethaneverbefore.Manyconsumerstodaydonotsitathomeandwatchtelevision.Usingbillboards,newsstands,andbussheltersforadvertisingisaneffectivewayofreachingtheseon-the-goconsumers.Moreconsumerstravellongerdistancestoandfromwork,whichalsomakesout-of-homeadvertisingeffective,technologyhaschangedthenatureofthebillboardbusiness,makingitamoreeffectivemediumthaninthepast.

Usingdigitalprinting,billboardcompaniescanprintabillboardin2hours,comparedwith6dayspreviously.Thisallowsadvertisersmorevarietyinthetypesofmessagestheycreatebecausethey.

Canchangetheirmessagesmorequickly.

Internet

Asconsumersbecomemorecomfortablewithonlineshopping,advertiserswillseektoreachthismarketAsconsumersgetmoreoftheirnewsandinformationfromtheInternet,theabilityoftelevisionandradiotogetthewordouttoconsumerswilldecrease.ThechallengetoInternetadvertisersIstocreateadsthataudiencemembersremember.Internetadvertisingwillplayamoreprominentroleinorganizations'advertisinginthenearftuture.Internetaudiencestendtobequitehomogeneous,butsmall.Advertiserswillhavetoadjusttheirmethodstoreachtheseaudiencesandwillhavetoadapttheirpersuasivestrategiestotheonlinemediumaswell.Directmail

Afinaladvertisingmediumisdirectmail,whichusesmailingstoconsumerstocommunicateaclient'smessageDirectmailincludesnewsletters.postcardsandspecialpromotions.Directmailisaneffectivewaytobuildrelationshipswithconsumers.Formanybusinesses.directmailisthemosteffectivefromofadvertising.1.Televisionisanattractiveadvertisingmediuminthat_____________.

A)ithaslargeaudiencesB)itappealstohousewives

C)ithelpsbuildupacompany'sreputationD)itisaffordabletomostadvertisers2.WiththeincreaseinthenumberofTVchannels_________.

A)thecostofTVadvertisinghasdecreased

B)thenuiflberofTVviewershasincreased

Question19to22arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

19.a)anoticebytheelectricityboard.b)adspromotingelectricappliances.c)thedescriptionofathiefindisguise.d)anewpolicyonpensioners'welfare.

20.a)speakingwithaproperaccent.b)wearinganofficialuniform.c)makingfriendswiththemd)showingthemhisID.

21.a)tobeonthealertwhenbeingfollowed.b)nottoleaveseniorcitizensaloneathome.c)nottoletanyoneinwithoutanappointment.d)towatchoutforthosefromtheelectricityboard.

22.a)shewasrobbedneartheparkinglot.b)allhermoneyinthebankdisappeared.c)thepensionshehadjustdrawnwasstolen.d)shewasknockeddowninthepostoffice.

Question23to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

23.a)marketingconsultancy.b)Professionalaccountancy.c)luxuryhotelmanagement.d)businessconferenceorganization

24.a)havingagoodknowledgeofitscustoms.b)knowingsomekeypeopleintourism.c)havingbeentothecountrybefore.d)beingabletospeakjapanese.

25.a)itwillbringherpotentialintofullplay.b)itwillinvolvelotsoftraintravel.c)itwillenablehertoimproveherchinese.d)itwillgivehermorechancestovisitjapan.

SectionB

PassageOne

Question26to28arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

26.a)Thelackoftimeb)Thequalityoflife.c)Thefrustrationsatwork.d)Thepressureonworkingfamilies.

27.a)Theywerejustasbusyaspeopleoftoday.b)Theysawtheimportanceofcollectiveefforts.c)Theydidn'tcomplainasmuchasmodernman.d)Theylivedahardlifebyhuntingandgathering.28.a)Tolookforcreativeideasofawardingemployees.b)Toexplorestrategiesforloweringproductioncosts.c)Toseeknewapproachestodealingwithcomplaints.d)Tofindeffectivewaystogiveemployeesflexibility.

PassageTwo

Question29to31arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

29.a)familyviolence.b)hischildren'sefforts.c)herfather'sdisloyalty.d)hissecondwife'spositiveinfluence.

30.a)hisadvancedage.b)hischildren'sefforts.c)hisimprovedfinancialcondition.d)hissecondwife'spositiveinfluence.

31.a)loveisblind.b)lovebreedslove.c)divorceoftenhasdisastrousconsequences.d)happinessishardtofindinblendedfamilies.

PassageThree

Question32to35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

32.a)itwaslocatedinaparkb)itsownerdiedofaheartattackc)itwentbankruptallofsudden.d)itspottedplantswereforleaseonly.

33.a)plantingsometreesinthegreenhouseb)writingawantadtoalocalnewspaperc)puttingupagoingoutofbusinesssignd)helpingacustomerselectsomepurchases

34.a)openinganoffiveinthenewofficeparkb)keepingbetterrelationswithhercompanyc)developingfreshbusinessopportunitiesd)buildingabiggreenhouseofhisown

35.a)owningthegreenhouseonedayb)securingajobattheofficeparkc)cultivatingmorepottedplants.d)findingcustomersoutoftownSectionC

注意：此部分試題請在答題卡2上作答。

We'renowwitnessingtheemergenceofanadvancedeconomybasedoninformationandknowledge.Physical(36)___,rawmaterials,andcapitalarenolongerthekey(37)____inthecreationofwealth.Now,the(38)____rawmaterialinoureconomyisknowledge.Tomorrow'swealthdependsonthedevelopmentandexchangeofknowledge.And(39)___enteringtheworkforceoffertheirknowledge,nottheirmuscles.Knowledgeworkersgetpaidfortheireducationandtheirabilitytolearn.Knowledgeworkers(40)____inmindwork.Theydealwithsymbols:words,(41)___anddata.

Whatdoesallthismeanforyou?Asafutureknowledgeworker,youcanexpecttobe(42)____,processing,aswellasexchanginginformation.(43)____,threeoutoffourjobsinvolvesomeformofmindwork,andthatnumberwillincreasesharplyinthefuture.Managementandemployeesalike(44)____.

Inthenewworldofwork,youcanlookforwardtobeinginconstanttraining(45)____.Youcanalsoexpecttobetakinggreatercontrolofyourcareer.Gonearethenine-fivejobs.lifetimesecurity,predictablepromotions,andeventheconventionalworkplace,asyouarefamiliarwith.(46)____,anddon’twaitforsomeoneto“empower”you.Youhavetoempoweryourself.

四.閱讀詞匯部分選詞閱讀及完型（10：35－11：25）

選詞填空

PartIVReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(25minutes)SectionAQuestion57to61arebasedonthefollowingpassage.SomeyearsagoIwasofferedawritingassignmentthatwouldrequirethreemonthsoftravelthroughEurope.Ihadbeenabroadacoupleoftimes,butIcouldhardly-47-toknowmywayaroundthecontinent.Moreover,myknowledgeofforeignlanguageswas-48-toalittlecollegeFrench.Ihesitated.HowwouldI,unabletospeakthelanguage,-49-unfamiliarwithlocalgeographyortransportationsystems,setup-50-anddoresearch?Itseemedimpossible,andwithconsiderable-51-Isatdowntowritealetterbeggingoff.Halfwaythrough,athoughtranthroughmymind:youcan’tlearnifyoudon’ttry.SoIacceptedtheassignment.Thereweresomebad-52-.ButbythetimeIhadfinishedthetripIwasanexperiencedtraveler.Andeversince.Ihaveneverhesitatedtoheadforeventhemostremoteofplaces.Withoutguidesoreven-53-bookings.ConfidentthatsomehowIwillmanage.

Thepointisthatthenew,thedifferent,isalmostbydefinition–54-.buteachtimeyoutrysomething.Youlearn.Andasthelearningpliesup.Theworldopenstoyou.I’velearnedtoskiat40,andflownuptheRhineriverina–55-.AndIknowI’llgotodoingsuchthings.It’snotbecauseI’mbraverormoredaringthanothers.I’mnot.ButI’llacceptanxietyasanothernameforchallengeandIbelieveIcan-56-wonders.

注意：此部分試題請在答題卡2上作答。A.accomplishB.advancedC.balloonD.claimE.constantlyF.declareG.interviewsH.limitedI.manufactureJ.momentsK.newsL.reducedM.regretN.scaryO.totallyPassageOneQuestion57to61arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Globalwarmingmayormaynotbethegreatenvironmentalcrisisofthe21stcentury,but-regardlessofwhetheritisorisn't-wewon'tdomuchaboutit.Wewillargueoveritandmayeven,asanation,makesomefairlysolemn-soundingcommitmentstoavoidit.Butthemoredramaticandmeaningfulthesecommitmentsseem,thelesslikelytheyaretobeobserved.A1Gorecallsglobalwarmingan"inconvenienttruth,"asifmerelyrecognizingitcouldputusonapathtoasolution.Buttherealtruthisthatwedon'tknowenoughtorelieveglobalwarming,and-withoutmajortechnologicalbreakthroughs-wecan'tdomuchaboutit.From2003to2050,theworld'spopulationisprojevtedtogrowfrom

6.4billonto9.1billion,a42%increase.ifenergyuseperpersonand

technologyremaintesame,totalenergyuseandgreenhousegas

emissions(mainly,CO2)willbe42%higherin2050.Butthat'stoo

low,becausesocietiesthatgrowricherusemoreenergy.Weneedeconmic

growthunlesswecondemntheworld'spoortotheirpresent

Povertyandfreezeeveryoneelse'slivingstandards.Withmodest

growth,energyuseandgreenhouseemissionsmorethendoubleby2050.Nogovernmentwilladoptrigidrestrictionsoneconomicgrowthand

personalfreeom(limitsonelectricityusage,drivingandtravel)that

mightcutbackglobalwarming.Still,politicianswanttoshowthey're

"doingsomething"ConsidertheKyotoProtoco(京都議定書).Italowed

countriesthatjoinedtopunishthosethatdidn't.Butithasn't

reducedCO2emissions(upabout25%since1990),andmanysignatories(簽字國)didn'tadopttoughenoughpoliciestohittheir2008-2012

targets.Thepracticalcodusionisthatifglobalwarmingisapotential

disaster,theonlysolutionisnewtechnology.Onlyanaggressive

researchanddevelopmentprogrammiaghtfindwaysofbreakingour

dependenceonfossilfuelsordealingwithit.Thetroublewiththeglobalwarmingdebateisthatithasbecomea

moralproblewhenit'steallyanengineeringone.Theinconvenient

truthisthatifwedon'tsolvetheengineeringproblem,we'rehelpless.57.Whatissaidaboutglobalwarminginthefirstparagraph?

A)Itmaynotproveanenvironmentalcrisisatall.

B)Itisanissuerepuiringworldwidecommitments.

C)Seriousstepshavebeentakentoavoidorstopit.

D)Verylittlewillbedonetobtingitundetcontrol.58.Accordingtotheauthor'sunderstanding,whatisA1Gore'sviewonglobalwarming?

A)Itisarealitybothpeopleandpoliticiansareunawreof.

B)Itisaphenomenonthatcausesusmanyinconveniences.

C)Itisaproblemthatcanbesolvedonceitisrecognized.

D)Itisanareaweactuallyhavelittleknowledgeabout.59.Greenhouseemissionswillmorethandoubleby2050becauseof___.

A)economicgrowth

B)wastefuluseofenergy

C)thewideninggapbetweentherichandpoor

D)therapidadvancesofscienceandtechnology60.Theauthorbelievesthat,sincethesigningoftheKyotoProtocol,____.

A)politicianshavestartedtodosomethingtobetterthesituation

B)fewnationshaveadoptedrealtoughmeasurestolimitenergyuse

C)reductionsinenergyconsumptionhavegreatlycutbackglobalwarming

D)internationalcooperationhascontributedtosolvingenvoronmentalproblems61.Whatisthemessagetheauthorintendstoconvey?

A)Globalwarmingismoreofamoralissuethanapracticalone.

B)Theultimatesolutiontoglobalwarmingliesinnewtechnology.

C)Thedebateoverglobalwarmingwillleadtotechnologicalbreakthroughs.

D)PeoplehavetogiveupcertainmaterialcomfortstostopglobalwarmingPassageTwoQuestion62to66arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Somedayasirangerwillreadyoure-mailwithoutyourpermissionorscantheWebsiteyou'vevisited，Orperhapssomeonewillcasuallyglancethroughyourcreditcardpurchasesorcellphonebillstofindoutyourshoppingpreferencesorcallinghabits.Infact,it'slikelysomeofthesethingshavealreadyhappenedtoyou.Whowouldwatchyouwithoutyourpermisson?Itmightbeaspous,agirlfreiend,amarketingcompany,aboss,acoporacriminal.Whoeveritis,theywillseeyouinawayyouneverintendedtobeseen-the21stcenturyequivalentofbeingcaughtnaked.Psychologiststellusboundariesarehealthy,thatit'simportanttorevealyourselftofriends,familyandloversinstages,atappropriatetimes.Butfewboundariesremain.Thedigitalbreadcrumbs(碎屑)youleaveeverywheremakeiteasyforstrangerstoreconstructwhoyouare,whereyouareandwhatyoulike.Insomecases,asimpleGooglesearchcanrevealwhatyouthink.Likeitornot,increasinglyweliveinaworldwhereyousimplycannotkeepasecret.Thekeyquestionis:Doesthatmatter?FormanyAmericans,theanswerapparentlyis"no."WhenopinionpollsaskAmericansaboutprivacy,mostsaytheyareconcernedaboutlostingit.Asurveryfoundanoverwhelmingpessimismaboutprivacy,with60percentofrespondentssayingtheyfeeltheirprivacyis"slippingaway,andthatbothersme."Butpeoplesayonethinganddoanother.OnlyatinyfractionofAmericanschangeanybehaviorsinanefforttopreservetheirprivacy.Fewpeopleturndownadiscountattollbooths(收費站)toavoidusingtheEZ-Passsystemthatcantrackautomobilemovements.Andfewturndonwsupermarketloyaltycards.PrivacyeconomistAlessandroAcauistihasrunaseriesof

teststhatrevealpeoplewillsurrenderpersonalinformationlikeSocailSecuritynumbersjusttogettheirhandsonapitiful50-cents-offcoupon(優(yōu)惠卷)。Butprivacydoesmatter-atleastsometimes.It'slikehealth:Whenyouhaveit,youdon'tnoticeit.Onlywhenit'sgonedoyouwishyou'ddonemoretoprotectit.62.Whatdoestheauthormeanbysaying"the21stcenturyequivalentofbeingcaughtnaked"(Lines3-4,Para.2)?

A)People'spersonalinformationiseasilyaccessedwithouttheirknowledge.

B)Inthe21stcenturypeopletryeverymeanstolookintoothers'secrets.

C)Peopletendtobemorefrankwitheachotherintheinformationage.

D)Criminalsareeasilycaughtonthespotwithadvancedtechnology.63.Whatwouldpsychologistsadviseontherelationshipsbetweenfriends?

A)Friendsshouldopentheirheartstoeachother.

B)Friendsshouldalwaysbefaithfultoeachother.

C)Thereshouldbeadistanceevenbetweenfriends.

D)Thereshouldbefewerdisputesbetweenfriends.64.Whydoestheauthorsay"weliveinaworldwhereyousimplycannotkeepasecret"(Line5,para.3)

A)Modernsocietyhasfinallyevolvedintoanopensociety.

B)Peopleleavetracesaroundwhenusingmoderntechnology.

C)Therearealwayspeoplewhoarecuriousaboutothers'affairs.

D)Manysearchenginesprofitbyrevealingpeople'sidentities.65.WhatdomostAmericansdowithregardtoprivacyprotection?

A)Theychangebehaviorsthatmightdisclosetheiridentity.

B)Theyusevariousloyaltycardsforbusinesstransactions.

C)Theyrelymostandmoreonelectronicdevices.

D)Theytalkalotbuthardlydoanythingaboutit.66.Accordingtothepassage,privacyislikehealthinthat___.

A)peoplewillmakeeveryefforttokeepit.B)itsimportanceisrarelyunderstood

C)isissomethingthatcaneasilybelostD)peopledon'tcherishituntiltheyloseitPartVCloze(15minutes)Universitiesareinstitutionsthatteachawidevarietyofsubjectsatadvancedlevels.Theyalsocarryoutresearchworkaimed-67-extendingman'sknowledgeofthesesubjects.Theemphasisgiventoeachofthesefunctions-68-fromuniversitytouniversity,accordingtotheviewsofthepeoplein-69-andaccordingtotheresourcesavailable.Thesmallerandneweruniversitiesdono-70-thestafforeq