定語從句RelativeClause考點：--關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞的選擇；---介詞的選擇定語定語是用來修飾、限定、說明名詞或代詞的品質(zhì)與特征的。his

desk物主代詞

Tom’s

father名詞所有格a

beautiful

city 形容詞

three

teachers數(shù)詞women

teachers名詞 in

the

room

above

副詞a

developing

country現(xiàn)在分詞a

developed

country過去分詞There

is

nothing

to

do

today.不定式an

article

about

how

to

learn

English

介詞短語A

city

which

is

beautiful.從句定語從句修飾名詞或代詞的句子叫做定語從句。定語從句一般緊跟在所修飾的名詞或代詞之后。Maryisagirlwhohaslonghair.修飾girlThisistheclassroomwherewestudy.修飾classroom相關(guān)術(shù)語Maryisagirl

whohaslonghair.定語從句先行詞關(guān)系詞關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系副詞which,who,whom,whose,that,aswhere,when,why關(guān)系代詞Lookatthekites

which

areflyinginthesky.The

pen

which

I’musingisprettygood.Theman

who

isspeakingatthemeetingisaworker.The

woman

whom

theywantedtovisitisateacher.

which：指物或整句話，作主語、賓語或表語who：指人，作主語或賓語；whom：指人，做賓語關(guān)系代詞Who’stheboy

that

isreadingabook?Canyoushowmethephoto

that

youlikebest? Theboyismyclassmate. Theboy’sfatherisapoliceman.Theboywhose

fatherisapolicemanismyclassmate.that：指人或物，作主語、賓語或表語whose：指人或物，作定語，相當(dāng)于先行詞的所有格做題技巧1.確定定語從句2.看先行詞是指人還是指物3.

確定先行詞在定語從句中做的成分4.

確定關(guān)系代詞Theboys______areplayingfootballarefromClassOne.Footballisagame___________islikedbymostboys.whowhich/that1.Wewillneverforgetthedays_______wespendtogether,singinganddancing.(09專英-6)2.YesterdayIhelpedanoldman______hadlosthisway.3.Mr.Liuistheperson_____

_youtalkedaboutonthebus.4.Theman_____

_walletwasstollencalledthepolice.(07--40)thatwhosewhomwho5.Thefactory____

_makescomputersisfarawayfromhere.6.

Helikestoreadbooks_____

_arewrittenbyShakespeare.7.Thisisthepen

____heboughtyesterday.which/thatwhich/thatwhich/

thatthat/which用法區(qū)別只能用that,不能用which情況：1.當(dāng)先行詞是all,any,few,little,none,anything,everything,nothing,everybody,nobody,

everyone,noone或被它們修飾時。在從句中充當(dāng)賓語時that可以省略。That’s

all

(that)

I

could

do

at

that

time.He

did

everything

(that)

he

could

to

help

us.Isthereanything

that

Icandoforyou?that/which用法區(qū)別只能用that,不能用which情況：2.

當(dāng)先行詞被形容詞最高級、序數(shù)詞以及the

only,

the

very,

the

right,

the

last等詞修飾時，關(guān)系代詞只能用that。This

is

the

most

touching

story

that

I

have

ever

read.The

first

place

that

they

visited

in

London

was

the

Big

Ben.He

was

the

only

person

that

(為什么不用who?)

was

present

at

the

time.that/which用法區(qū)別只能用that,不能用which情況：3.當(dāng)主句以who或which開頭時，定語從句的關(guān)系詞用that,而不用which或who.Who

is

the

girl

that

is

in

the

red

dress?Whichisthepen

thatyoulost?that/which用法區(qū)別只能用that,不能用which情況：4.當(dāng)并列的兩個先行詞分別表示人和物時，定語從句要用that引導(dǎo)，不能用which.They

are

talking

about

the

workers

and

the

factory

that

they

have

visited.5.

主句是Therebe結(jié)構(gòu)，修飾其主句的定語從句宜用that作關(guān)系代詞.如：1.Thereisstillaseatinthecornerthatisstillfree.that/which用法區(qū)別只能用which,不能用that情況：1.當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在從句中作介詞的賓語，且介詞在關(guān)系代詞前時，關(guān)系代詞應(yīng)用which,

which不可省略；介詞在從句句末時用which或that都可以，which/that常可省略。She

hasn’t

got

enough

money

with

which

she

could

buy

the

car.I

have

problems

of

my

own

(that/which)

you

know

nothing

of.先行詞1.Iknowagirlwho____(like)red.2.Jimreadsbookswhich___(be)fun.3.Doyouknowthethingsandpersons

thatthey____(be)talkingabout?決定關(guān)系代詞從句中的謂語動詞形式likes

areare定語從句中的主謂一致Themp4that____beengiventomeishome-made.(have)I,who____yourclassmate,willsharetheworkwithyou.(be)關(guān)系代詞做從句的主語時，從句的謂語動詞的人稱和數(shù)要與先行詞保持一致。hasamHeisoneofthestudentswho______madegreatprogress.Mr.Wangistheonlyoneofmyfriendswho____beeninvitedtohavedinnerwithus.(have)havehas1.

Last

week,

we

watched

Beijing

Opera,

style

was

unfamiliar

to

most

of

us. A.

what B.

which C.

where D.

whose2.

You

can

only

be

sure

of

all

you

have

at

present;

you

cannot

be

sure

of

something

you

might

get

in

the

future. A.

that;

what B.

that;

/ C.

which;

that D.

what;

thatDB3.

He

talked

about

things

and

people

they

remembered

in

school. A.

which B.

that C.

whom D.

whose4.

She

is

one

of

the

students

who

a

winner

of

scholarship

or

three

years. A.

is

B.

are C.

have

been

D.

has

beenBD5.

I

have

bought

the

same

watch

you

have. A.

which B.

that C.

as D.

whose6.

She

will

never

forget

the

day

she

spent

in

Beijing. A.

when

B.

what C.

which D.

whyCC7.

Is

this

the

very

factory

we

visited

last

year. A.

when

B.

that C.

which D.

whyB“介詞+which(whom)”引導(dǎo)的定語從句用適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~填空：Ispent5yuan______thebook.2.Ilearnt_______thebookalot.3.Tomoftentalks______thebook.onfrom_____whichIspent5yuan.______whichIlearntalot.______whichTomoftentalks.aboutThisisthebookonfromabout介詞+which/whom引導(dǎo)的定語從句用于正式場合。在這一結(jié)構(gòu)中，關(guān)系代詞which/whom做介詞的賓語。當(dāng)先行詞是人時，用”介詞+whom”引導(dǎo)定語從句。This

is

the

man

from

whom

I

learnt

the

news.當(dāng)先行詞是物時，用“介詞+which”引導(dǎo)定語從句，而且只能加which,不能加that.I’ll

never

forget

the

days

on

which

we

lived

together.當(dāng)介詞和從句中的位于構(gòu)成固定的短語動詞（如look

after,

look

for,

look

forward

to,

take

care

of等）時，一般不能將其拆開提前。The

babies

whom

the

nurses

are

looking

after

are

very

healthy.介詞主要根據(jù)這幾個方面來選擇：1.根據(jù)句意確定介詞；2.定語從句中謂語動詞或形容詞與介詞的搭配。Thehouse_____whichIlivedwasfarawayfrommywork.Theman_

_________youtalkedjustnowismyneighbor.Iknowthereason________

hewaslate.

into

/

with

whomfor

which1.

The

woman

my

brother

spoke

just

now

is

my

teacher. A.

who B.

to

whom C.

to

who D.

whom2.

I’ll

never

forget

the

day

I

won

the

award. A.

on

which B.

in

which C.

which

D.

at

which3.

The

Second

World

War

millions

of

people

were

killed. A.

during

which B.

in

that C.

where D.

on

whichBAA關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句1.定語從句中關(guān)系副詞有：when,

where,

why2.關(guān)系副詞在定語從句中都作狀語。when 作時間狀語；where 作地點狀語；

可互換為“介詞+which”結(jié)構(gòu)why 作原因狀語。Herememberthedaywhenhisfatherdied.

IwentbacktotheplacewhereIwasbornandgrewup.Pleasegivemethereasonwhyyouwerelatethistime.when：作時間狀語，意為on

the

day

=

on

whichwhere：作地點狀語，意為in

the

place

=

in

whichwhere：作原因狀語，意為for

the

reason

=

for

which并非先行詞是表示時間、地點和原因的詞時都用when,where,why，若先行詞在定語從句中不作狀語，而是作主語或賓語，就必須用which或thatWeoftenthinkofthedays

wespenttogetherinthecountryside.比較:

Weoftenthinkofthedays

weworkedtogetherinthecountryside.when在定語從句中作時間狀語，相當(dāng)于onthedays

that/whichwhenWebelievethereason

hetoldus.比較:

Thereason

hewasabsentyesterdayisstillunknown.which/thatwhy作賓補(bǔ)原因狀語如果選擇關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞？定語從句中缺主、賓、表、定定語從句缺

狀語關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系副詞在表示“方式、時間、地點、理由”等的詞語后，可用that代替關(guān)系副詞how,

when,

where,

why等，相當(dāng)于“介詞+which”,修飾的先行詞常為the

way,

the

time,

the

day,

the

place等。The

way

that

(=

in

which)

he

did

it

was

strange

and

funny.The

manner

that

(=

in

which)

he

spoke

was

impolite.當(dāng)先行詞是case,condition,situation,position,point,stage,degree，occasion等詞，表示情況、方面、處境時用關(guān)系副詞where。Hehadtofacethecondition

wherepressurewasheavy.It’shelpfultoputchildreninasituation

wheretheycanseethemselvesdifferently.1.

Is

this

the

factory

___

_computers

are

built

?

A.

that

B.

which

C.

in

which

D.

in

that

C2.

I

can

think

of

many

cases

students

obviously

know

a

lot

of

English

words

and

expressions

but

can’t

write

a

good

essay. A.

why

B.

which

C.

as

D.

where

D3.

I

want

to

know

the

way

he

treated

you

yesterday. A.

in

that

B.

which

C.

what

D.

that

D4.

Great

changes

have

taken

place

in

the

factory

we

are

working. A.

where

B.

that

C.

which

D.

there

A5.

The

days

I

spent

in

the

countryside

in

my

childhood

were

the

happiest

time

I

had

ever

had

in

my

life.A.

when;

when B.

where;

that C.

that;

which D.

that;

thatD6.

This

is

the

place

we

visited

last

week. A.

where B.

whom C.

which D.

asC限制性定語從句與非限定性定語從句限制性定語從句非限制性定語從句形式上主句和從句不用逗號隔開主句和從句用逗號隔開功能上修飾先行詞修飾先行詞或整個句子意義上是先行詞不可缺少的定語，如刪除，主語失去意義或表述不完整只是對先行詞的補(bǔ)充說明，如刪除，主句意思仍完整關(guān)系詞的使用上作賓語時可省略可用that不可省略不可用that限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句區(qū)別：

4.翻譯時，限制性定語從句可譯為一句（較短的一般譯為"的"字結(jié)構(gòu)）；而非限制性定語從句可譯為兩句。（見上句翻譯）

比較:

Hehasasisterwhoisamusician.他有個當(dāng)音樂家的姐姐（可能還有做其他職業(yè)的姐姐）

Hehasasister，whoisamusician.他有個姐姐，他姐姐是音樂家。（他有一個姐姐）

限定性定語從句1.

This

is

the

student

for

whom

I

bought

the

book.2.

Those

who

want

to

go

sign

their

names

here

please.非限定性定語從句My

father,

who

is

a

doctor,

is

very

strict

with

us.He

will

put

off

the

picnic

until

May

1st,

when

he

will

be

free.which和as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別：1.位置不同as和which都能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句代表整個句子，as位置靈活，可以位于句首，也可以位于句中，而which只能位于主句之后。另外，as有“正如…,正像…”的意思。He

tore

up

my

photo,

which

made

me

very

angry.As

is

known

to

all,

China

is

a

developing

country.which和as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別：2.

as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句很多可以當(dāng)作固定搭配，如as

is

often

the

case(通常就是這樣),

as

often

happens(事情往往如此),

as

is

known

to

all(眾所周知),

as

might

be

expected(正如所預(yù)料的那樣),

as

has

been

said

before(如前所述),

as

is

mentioned

above(正如上面所提到的).As

often

happens,…As

is

known

to

all,…As

might

be

expected…which和as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別：3.

as在從句中作主語時，后面常接行為動詞的被動語態(tài)，如be

known,

be

said,

be

reported等；如從句中行為動詞是主動語態(tài)，一般要用which作主語。She

has

been

late

agai