血源性病原體知識(shí)培訓(xùn)

BloodbornePathogen

TrainingEHS，PPGShanghaiMay2021每年的5月19日世界肝炎日全球大約12個(gè)人中就有一個(gè)慢性病毒性肝炎患者〔包括乙肝和丙肝〕2021和2021年世界肝炎日主題：“我是第十二個(gè)嗎？〞2021年和2021年世界肝炎日主題：“這就是肝炎……〞目錄1血源性病原體的定義2血液傳染病乙肝艾滋病等3乙肝疫苗的益處4控制傳染的方法5危害溝通6應(yīng)急處理編輯pptENVIRONMENTwHEALTHwSAFETYwPRODUCTSTEWARDSHIPwENVIRONMENTwHEALTHwSAFETYwPRODUCTSTEWARDSHIPwENVIRONMENTwHEALTHwSAFETYwPRODUCTSTEWARDSHIPwENVIRONMENTwHEALTHwSAFETYwPRODUCTSTEWARDSHIPwENVIRONMENTwHEALTHwSAFETYwPRODUCTSTEWARDSHIPw1血源性病原體的定義血源性病原體經(jīng)血液或體液〔唾液，腦、脊髓液，精液，陰道分泌物等〕傳染的疾病例如：甲肝，乙肝，丙肝，艾滋病，瘧疾，梅毒等編輯pptENVIRONMENTwHEALTHwSAFETYwPRODUCTSTEWARDSHIPwENVIRONMENTwHEALTHwSAFETYwPRODUCTSTEWARDSHIPwENVIRONMENTwHEALTHwSAFETYwPRODUCTSTEWARDSHIPwENVIRONMENTwHEALTHwSAFETYwPRODUCTSTEWARDSHIPwENVIRONMENTwHEALTHwSAFETYwPRODUCTSTEWARDSHIPw血源性病原體的控制程序的適用范圍血液傳染病患者的血液和體液中攜帶有血源性病原體，在一定的條件下會(huì)侵入與之接觸的人員；以下人員在工作中有可能接觸他人的血液或體液醫(yī)務(wù)人員、急救隊(duì)員清潔人員，提供洗衣等效勞的后勤人員PPG為了控制工作中的血液傳染病，制定了血液傳染病的控制要求公司程序文件編輯pptENVIRONMENTwHEALTHwSAFETYwPRODUCTSTEWARDSHIPwENVIRONMENTwHEALTHwSAFETYwPRODUCTSTEWARDSHIPwENVIRONMENTwHEALTHwSAFETYwPRODUCTSTEWARDSHIPwENVIRONMENTwHEALTHwSAFETYwPRODUCTSTEWARDSHIPwENVIRONMENTwHEALTHwSAFETYwPRODUCTSTEWARDSHIPw血源性病原體的傳播途徑工作中可能接觸到血液病原體的情況通過(guò)開(kāi)放性的傷口傳染劃破、擦傷、刮傷、燙傷、皮疹、蚊蟲(chóng)叮咬后，給血源性病原體侵入的時(shí)機(jī)；通過(guò)粘液組織傳染接觸過(guò)污染物后，又用被污染的手揉眼睛，碰到鼻子、嘴；或者被感染的血液或體液濺到眼睛，鼻子或嘴巴里。編輯pptENVIRONMENTwHEALTHwSAFETYwPRODUCTSTEWARDSHIPwENVIRONMENTwHEALTHwSAFETYwPRODUCTSTEWARDSHIPwENVIRONMENTwHEALTHwSAFETYwPRODUCTSTEWARDSHIPwENVIRONMENTwHEALTHwSAFETYwPRODUCTSTEWARDSHIPwENVIRONMENTwHEALTHwSAFETYwPRODUCTSTEWARDSHIPw2血源性病原體導(dǎo)致的疾病-1甲肝病因：吃了不潔的食物或水病癥：低燒，疲倦，惡心，嘔吐，肚子疼；尿液顏色變深，糞便顏色變淺；最后，皮膚和眼白變黃。治療：經(jīng)注射治療，一般可以很快恢復(fù)，也有的較慢。編輯pptENVIRONMENTwHEALTHwSAFETYwPRODUCTSTEWARDSHIPwENVIRONMENTwHEALTHwSAFETYwPRODUCTSTEWARDSHIPwENVIRONMENTwHEALTHwSAFETYwPRODUCTSTEWARDSHIPwENVIRONMENTwHEALTHwSAFETYwPRODUCTSTEWARDSHIPwENVIRONMENTwHEALTHwSAFETYwPRODUCTSTEWARDSHIPw2血源性病原體導(dǎo)致的疾病-2丙肝病因：“血液-血液〞傳播病癥：疲倦，沒(méi)胃口，眼白和皮膚變黃病癥不典型，容易被忽略，驗(yàn)血才有可能發(fā)現(xiàn)；驗(yàn)血有時(shí)不準(zhǔn)，需要復(fù)測(cè)，才能確診可能持續(xù)長(zhǎng)達(dá)數(shù)年，增加了肝癌的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)治療：沒(méi)有丙肝疫苗，也沒(méi)有特效藥有些新藥，可以減輕丙肝的病癥編輯pptENVIRONMENTwHEALTHwSAFETYwPRODUCTSTEWARDSHIPwENVIRONMENTwHEALTHwSAFETYwPRODUCTSTEWARDSHIPwENVIRONMENTwHEALTHwSAFETYwPRODUCTSTEWARDSHIPwENVIRONMENTwHEALTHwSAFETYwPRODUCTSTEWARDSHIPwENVIRONMENTwHEALTHwSAFETYwPRODUCTSTEWARDSHIPw2血源性病原體導(dǎo)致的疾病-3乙肝—兩大最常見(jiàn)的血液傳染病毒之一傳播途徑：“血液-血液〞傳播；唾液傳播可以在干血液中存活達(dá)7天！！〔提醒清掃，洗衣等員工注意〕編輯pptENVIRONMENTwHEALTHwSAFETYwPRODUCTSTEWARDSHIPwENVIRONMENTwHEALTHwSAFETYwPRODUCTSTEWARDSHIPwENVIRONMENTwHEALTHwSAFETYwPRODUCTSTEWARDSHIPwENVIRONMENTwHEALTHwSAFETYwPRODUCTSTEWARDSHIPwENVIRONMENTwHEALTHwSAFETYwPRODUCTSTEWARDSHIPw2血源性病原體導(dǎo)致的疾病-3續(xù)乙肝的病癥在病癥出現(xiàn)前，乙肝病毒可以潛伏長(zhǎng)達(dá)6個(gè)月病癥：厭食，消瘦，黃疸，尿液顏色變深，糞便顏色變淺，發(fā)燒，皮疹，其他類(lèi)似流感的病癥。確診的唯一方法是驗(yàn)血。乙肝病毒發(fā)作持續(xù)時(shí)間為8-10周，有的可能病程更長(zhǎng)，甚至惡化。嚴(yán)重的可能導(dǎo)致肝硬化和肝癌編輯pptENVIRONMENTwHEALTHwSAFETYwPRODUCTSTEWARDSHIPwENVIRONMENTwHEALTHwSAFETYwPRODUCTSTEWARDSHIPwENVIRONMENTwHEALTHwSAFETYwPRODUCTSTEWARDSHIPwENVIRONMENTwHEALTHwSAFETYwPRODUCTSTEWARDSHIPwENVIRONMENTwHEALTHwSAFETYwPRODUCTSTEWARDSHIPw血源性病原體導(dǎo)致的疾病-3續(xù)乙肝的治療沒(méi)有乙肝的特效藥被感染者多是在幾周或幾個(gè)月內(nèi)自身產(chǎn)生抗體，克服病毒，以后也不會(huì)再被感染；少數(shù)會(huì)長(zhǎng)期攜帶；因得乙肝而產(chǎn)生的抗體，不能免疫丙肝等其他病毒；死亡率不高，大多數(shù)人可以康復(fù)編輯pptENVIRONMENTwHEALTHwSAFETYwPRODUCTSTEWARDSHIPwENVIRONMENTwHEALTHwSAFETYwPRODUCTSTEWARDSHIPwENVIRONMENTwHEALTHwSAFETYwPRODUCTSTEWARDSHIPwENVIRONMENTwHEALTHwSAFETYwPRODUCTSTEWARDSHIPwENVIRONMENTwHEALTHwSAFETYwPRODUCTSTEWARDSHIPw2血源性病原體導(dǎo)致的疾病-4人類(lèi)免疫缺陷病毒HIV—兩大最常見(jiàn)的血液傳染病毒之一侵入人體的免疫系統(tǒng)，削弱人體對(duì)疾病的抵抗能力，導(dǎo)致各種疾病及癌癥得以在人體內(nèi)生存開(kāi)展到最后，可能導(dǎo)致艾滋病〔AIDS，獲得性免疫缺陷綜合征〕。編輯pptENVIRONMENTwHEALTHwSAFETYwPRODUCTSTEWARDSHIPwENVIRONMENTwHEALTHwSAFETYwPRODUCTSTEWARDSHIPwENVIRONMENTwHEALTHwSAFETYwPRODUCTSTEWARDSHIPwENVIRONMENTwHEALTHwSAFETYwPRODUCTSTEWARDSHIPwENVIRONMENTwHEALTHwSAFETYwPRODUCTSTEWARDSHIPw2血源性病原體導(dǎo)致的疾病-4續(xù)HIV人類(lèi)免疫缺陷病毒傳染途徑：工作場(chǎng)所的傳播是很少的，只占0.4%；預(yù)防：HIV在人體外存活的時(shí)間很短暫，因此處理鮮血等體液時(shí)要特別注意防范HIV病毒感染的病癥虛弱，發(fā)燒，咽喉疼，淋巴腫，舌苔白，惡心，頭疼，消瘦編輯pptENVIRONMENTwHEALTHwSAFETYwPRODUCTSTEWARDSHIPwENVIRONMENTwHEALTHwSAFETYwPRODUCTSTEWARDSHIPwENVIRONMENTwHEALTHwSAFETYwPRODUCTSTEWARDSHIPwENVIRONMENTwHEALTHwSAFETYwPRODUCTSTEWARDSHIPwENVIRONMENTwHEALTHwSAFETYwPRODUCTSTEWARDSHIPw2血源性病原體導(dǎo)致的疾病-4續(xù)HIV病毒感染發(fā)病的三個(gè)階段被病毒感染后，很多年都沒(méi)有明顯的病癥；當(dāng)免疫系統(tǒng)變?nèi)鯐r(shí)，顯現(xiàn)出淋巴腫等病癥；身體無(wú)法抵抗任何疾病和炎癥，如肺炎。HIV攜帶者與傳染性感染了HIV病毒的人員稱(chēng)為HIV攜帶者；與HIV攜帶者一起就餐，喝水，一起工作，休息不會(huì)傳染握手和擁抱也不會(huì)傳染病毒不會(huì)通過(guò)唾液，汗水，淚水，尿液，嘔吐物等傳染編輯pptENVIRONMENTwHEALTHwSAFETYwPRODUCTSTEWARDSHIPwENVIRONMENTwHEALTHwSAFETYwPRODUCTSTEWARDSHIPwENVIRONMENTwHEALTHwSAFETYwPRODUCTSTEWARDSHIPwENVIRONMENTwHEALTHwSAFETYwPRODUCTSTEWARDSHIPwENVIRONMENTwHEALTHwSAFETYwPRODUCTSTEWARDSHIPw2討論題有一位新員工，來(lái)到你的班組，你負(fù)責(zé)帶她熟悉環(huán)境。握手以后，你帶她下樓，她打了幾個(gè)噴嚏；她停下來(lái)，在飲用水的水龍頭上喝水，隨后你也在這個(gè)水龍頭上喝水了；當(dāng)天下午，她告訴你她是HIV病毒攜帶者請(qǐng)問(wèn)你可能感染HIV病毒嗎？80%，因?yàn)槟阋苍谒人乃堫^上喝水；100%，因?yàn)樗愦驀娞纾倌瓰R到你身上了；25%，因?yàn)槟愫退帐郑愕纳媳壅糜袀€(gè)大傷口；0%，因?yàn)镠IV病毒不會(huì)通過(guò)以上任何途徑傳播。編輯pptENVIRONMENTwHEALTHwSAFETYwPRODUCTSTEWARDSHIPwENVIRONMENTwHEALTHwSAFETYwPRODUCTSTEWARDSHIPwENVIRONMENTwHEALTHwSAFETYwPRODUCTSTEWARDSHIPwENVIRONMENTwHEALTHwSAFETYwPRODUCTSTEWARDSHIPwENVIRONMENTwHEALTHwSAFETYwPRODUCTSTEWARDSHIPw3乙肝疫苗的益處乙肝是比較嚴(yán)重的疾病，傳染性極強(qiáng)打乙肝疫苗，可以防止感染乙肝以下情況不適合打乙肝疫苗已經(jīng)注射過(guò)了身體不適合注射該疫苗身體已經(jīng)有乙肝抗體間隔一定的周期，打3到4次，才可以完成對(duì)防止乙肝有效率90%長(zhǎng)期，甚至是終身免疫只對(duì)免疫乙肝病毒有效，不適用于其他肝炎或HIV編輯pptENVIRONMENTwHEALTHwSAFETYwPRODUCTSTEWARDSHIPwENVIRONMENTwHEALTHwSAFETYwPRODUCTSTEWARDSHIPwENVIRONMENTwHEALTHwSAFETYwPRODUCTSTEWARDSHIPwENVIRONMENTwHEALTHwSAFETYwPRODUCTSTEWARDSHIPwENVIRONMENTwHEALTHwSAFETYwPRODUCTSTEWARDSHIPw3討論題一天，有個(gè)同事撞上了玻璃門(mén)，玻璃都碎了，你用掃帚和簸箕清理了帶血的碎玻璃。第二天，主管提醒你，你有權(quán)獲得接種乙肝疫苗，或者在表格上簽字，自動(dòng)放棄打疫苗。你得做個(gè)決定：你會(huì)因?yàn)橐韵履膫€(gè)方面原因而決定不打：費(fèi)用問(wèn)題：你最近手頭緊，連去醫(yī)院的錢(qián)都不夠；你的醫(yī)療史：你曾經(jīng)對(duì)類(lèi)似的疫苗嚴(yán)重過(guò)敏；害怕打針：看到針頭，都想要暈；跟同事很熟：認(rèn)識(shí)他兩年了，從沒(méi)聽(tīng)他說(shuō)有乙肝，所以沒(méi)有問(wèn)題的。編輯pptENVIRONMENTwHEALTHwSAFETYwPRODUCTSTEWARDSHIPwENVIRONMENTwHEALTHwSAFETYwPRODUCTSTEWARDSHIPwENVIRONMENTwHEALTHwSAFETYwPRODUCTSTEWARDSHIPwENVIRONMENTwHEALTHwSAFETYwPRODUCTSTEWARDSHIPwENVIRONMENTwHEALTHwSAFETYwPRODUCTSTEWARDSHIPw4控制血液傳染病的方法“全面預(yù)防〞的思想認(rèn)為工作場(chǎng)所出現(xiàn)的所有的血液和體液都是含有病原體的；這樣就不會(huì)忘記使用防護(hù)措施帶個(gè)人防護(hù)用具接種疫苗采取任何必要的措施保護(hù)自己盡管遭遇病原體的時(shí)機(jī)是很小的，但要時(shí)刻準(zhǔn)備著！編輯pptENVIRONMENTwHEALTHwSAFETYwPRODUCTSTEWARDSHIPwENVIRONMENTwHEALTHwSAFETYwPRODUCTSTEWARDSHIPwENVIRONMENTwHEALTHwSAFETYwPRODUCTSTEWARDSHIPwENVIRONMENTwHEALTHwSAFETYwPRODUCTSTEWARDSHIPwENVIRONMENTwHEALTHwSAFETYwPRODUCTSTEWARDSHIPw4控制血液傳染病的方法從兩個(gè)方面預(yù)防：事前：整理內(nèi)務(wù)，防止污染，使得工作場(chǎng)所更平安事后：控制血源性病原體的措施編輯pptENVIRONMENTwHEALTHwSAFETYwPRODUCTSTEWARDSHIPwENVIRONMENTwHEALTHwSAFETYwPRODUCTSTEWARDSHIPwENVIRONMENTwHEALTHwSAFETYwPRODUCTSTEWARDSHIPwENVIRONMENTwHEALTHwSAFETYwPRODUCTSTEWARDSHIPwENVIRONMENTwHEALTHwSAFETYwPRODUCTSTEWARDSHIPw控制方法—良好的工作習(xí)慣不要在可能暴露于血源性病原體的工作場(chǎng)所吃東西，喝水，化裝，涂唇膏，戴隱性眼鏡等；不要用手接觸被污染的針頭；嚴(yán)禁用嘴吸傷口；如果有接觸到血液等,用肥皂和水清洗;如果有接觸到眼睛,鼻子,嘴，立即用水沖洗；在沒(méi)有肥皂和水的時(shí)候，使用消毒紙巾編輯pptENVIRONMENTwHEALTHwSAFETYwPRODUCTSTEWARDSHIPwENVIRONMENTwHEALTHwSAFETYwPRODUCTSTEWARDSHIPwENVIRONMENTwHEALTHwSAFETYwPRODUCTSTEWARDSHIPwENVIRONMENTwHEALTHwSAFETYwPRODUCTSTEWARDSHIPwENVIRONMENTwHEALTHwSAFETYwPRODUCTSTEWARDSHIPw控制方法—工程控制設(shè)備工具上沒(méi)有尖刺鋒利部位有保護(hù)套使鋒利部位變鈍注射器的針頭自帶保護(hù)套有存放針頭、碎玻璃等鋒利物的防刺穿容器，有警告標(biāo)簽，防止被回用；櫥柜殺菌消毒過(guò)，沒(méi)有蟲(chóng)孑其他新技術(shù)措施編輯pptENVIRONMENTwHEALTHwSAFETYwPRODUCTSTEWARDSHIPwENVIRONMENTwHEALTHwSAFETYwPRODUCTSTEWARDSHIPwENVIRONMENTwHEALTHwSAFETYwPRODUCTSTEWARDSHIPwENVIRONMENTwHEALTHwSAFETYwPRODUCTSTEWARDSHIPwENVIRONMENTwHEALTHwSAFETYwPRODUCTSTEWARDSHIPw控制方法—個(gè)人防護(hù)用品至少需要帶手套和眼部保護(hù)具手套接觸污染物之前一定要帶手套如果有傷口，先包好后再帶手套注意檢查手套上是不是有洞，不要戴有破損的手套護(hù)目鏡〔或面屏〕眼睛組織很薄弱，病原體可能穿透進(jìn)行急救或處理污染物的時(shí)候要戴眼鏡圍裙：防止接觸到衣服編輯pptENVIRONMENTwHEALTHwSAFETYwPRODUCTSTEWARDSHIPwENVIRONMENTwHEALTHwSAFETYwPRODUCTSTEWARDSHIPwENVIRONMENTwHEALTHwSAFETYwPRODUCTSTEWARDSHIPwENVIRONMENTwHEALTHwSAFETYwPRODUCTSTEWARDSHIPwENVIRONMENTwHEALTHwSAFETYwPRODUCTSTEWARDSHIPw控制方法—個(gè)人防護(hù)用品〔續(xù)〕受污染或損壞時(shí)及時(shí)更換離開(kāi)工作場(chǎng)所時(shí)，要使用正確的方式脫去個(gè)人防護(hù)用品如果自己的衣服被血液污染，要立即脫去，因?yàn)槲廴疚飼?huì)滲透衣服，接觸皮膚防止接觸被污染的衣服，裝入有標(biāo)記的容器或袋子，再進(jìn)行消毒或清洗編輯pptENVIRONMENTwHEALTHwSAFETYwPRODUCTSTEWARDSHIPwENVIRONMENTwHEALTHwSAFETYwPRODUCTSTEWARDSHIPwENVIRONMENTwHEALTHwSAFETYwPRODUCTSTEWARDSHIPwENVIRONMENTwHEALTHwSAFETYwPRODUCTSTEWARDSHIPwENVIRONMENTwHEALTHwSAFETYwPRODUCTSTEWARDSHIPw控制方法—個(gè)人防護(hù)用品〔續(xù)〕脫手套的正確方法編輯pptENVIRONMENTwHEALTHwSAFETYwPRODUCTSTEWARDSHIPwENVIRONMENTwHEALTHwSAFETYwPRODUCTSTEWARDSHIPwENVIRONMENTwHEALTHwSAFETYwPRODUCTSTEWARDSHIPwENVIRONMENTwHEALTHwSAFETYwPRODUCTSTEWARDSHIPwENVIRONMENTwHEALTHwSAFETYwPRODUCTSTEWARDSHIPw控制方法—內(nèi)務(wù)整理每個(gè)班次結(jié)束時(shí)，清潔設(shè)備和操作平臺(tái)；當(dāng)受到血液和體液污染時(shí)，立即清潔干凈；使用適當(dāng)?shù)南緞?：10稀釋的家用漂白劑〕清洗工作臺(tái)面的污染物；檢查和消毒定期回用的桶，罐子等類(lèi)似容器；更換受到污染的塑料薄膜，鋁箔或其他保護(hù)層；可能受到污染的，在下班前更換；如果碎玻璃上有血跡，使用簸箕和掃帚清理，不要直接用手拿；食物和水與醫(yī)療物資分開(kāi)放置。編輯pptENVIRONMENTwHEALTHwSAFETYwPRODUCTSTEWARDSHIPwENVIRONMENTwHEALTHwSAFETYwPRODUCTSTEWARDSHIPwENVIRONMENTwHEALTHwSAFETYwPRODUCTSTEWARDSHIPwENVIRONMENTwHEALTHwSAFETYwPRODUCTSTEWARDSHIPwENVIRONMENTwHEALTHwSAFETYwPRODUCTSTEWARDSHIPw控制方法—消毒消毒劑可以殺滅殘留的病菌：?杯家用漂水〔次氯酸鈉〕加到1加侖的水中；來(lái)蘇水等消毒方法：當(dāng)處理流出的血液時(shí)，先小心地用抹布或紙巾覆蓋，再倒上消毒劑溶液，停留10分鐘，再做清理；處理被污染的設(shè)備或其他物體外表時(shí)，也需要使消毒劑停留至少10分鐘后，再清理。編輯pptENVIRONMENTwHEALTHwSAFETYwPRODUCTSTEWARDSHIPwENVIRONMENTwHEALTHwSAFETYwPRODUCTSTEWARDSHIPwENVIRONMENTwHEALTHwSAFETYwPRODUCTSTEWARDSHIPwENVIRONMENTwHEALTHwSAFETYwPRODUCTSTEWARDSHIPwENVIRONMENTwHEALTHwSAFETYwPRODUCTSTEWARDSHIPw討論題你在實(shí)驗(yàn)室的新伙伴，工作中弄破了手里的玻璃瓶，手指嚴(yán)重割傷，血流到了實(shí)驗(yàn)臺(tái)上。你接受