2019年自考《英國文學選讀》試題及答案PARTONEI.MultipleChoice1.Although_______wasessentiallyamedievalwriter,heboremarksofhumanismandanticipatedaneweraofliteraturetocome.A.WilliamLanglandB.JohnGowerC.GeoffreyChaucerD.EdmundSpenserAnswer:C2.Thereligiousreformationintheearly16th-centuryEnglandwasareflectionoftheclassstruggleswagedbythe_____.A.risingbourgeoisieagainstthefeudalclassanditsideologyB.workingclassagainstthecorruptionofthebourgeoisieC.landlordclassagainsttherisingbourgeoisieanditsideologyD.feudalclassagainstthecorruptionoftheCatholicChurchAnswer:A3.Thestatementthatamangainedthewholeworldbutlosthisownsoulmakesagoodsummaryofthemainplotof______.A.ParadiseLostB.TheMerchantofVeniceC.HamletD.TheTragicHistoryofDoctorFaustusAnswer:D4."Isnotapatron,myLord,onewholookswithunconcernonamanstrugglingforlifeinthewater,andwhenhehasreachedground,encumbershimwithhelp?"Theabovepassageistakenfrom_______.A.FrancisBacon’s"OfStudies"B.WilliamShakespeare’sTheMerchantofVeniceC.SamuelJohnson’s"TotheRightHonorabletheEarlofChesterfield"D.JonathanSwift’s"AModestProposal"Answer:C5.Theessenceofhumanismisto______.A.restoreamedievalreverenceforthechurchB.avoidthecircumstancesofearthlylifeC.explorethenextworldinwhichmencouldliveafterdeathD.emphasizehumanqualitiesAnswer:D6.InThePilgrim’sProgress,JohnBunyandescribesTheVanityFairina______tone.A.delightfulB.satiricalC.sentimentalD.solemnAnswer:B7.The18thcenturywitnessedanewliteraryform-themodernEnglishnovel,which,contrarytothemedievalromance,givesa______presentationoflifeofthecommonEnglishpeople.A.romanticB.idealisticC.propheticD.realisticAnswer:D8.Asaliteraryfigure,JohnRiversappearsin_______.A.Fielding’sTomJonesB.Dickens’sOliverTwistC.Bronte’sJaneEyreD.Austen’sPrideandPrejudiceAnswer:C9.Defoe’sRobinsonCrusoecreatedtheimageofanenterprisingEnglishman,typicaloftheEnglishbourgeoisieinthe______century.A.17thB.18thC.19thD.20thAnswer:B10.In"ElegyWritteninaCountryChurchyard,"ThomasGraycomparesthecommonfolkwiththegreatones,wonderingwhatthecommonscouldhaveachievediftheyhadhadthe______.A.chanceB.loveC.moneyD.materialsourcesAnswer:A11.Thepoeticviewof______canbebestunderstoodfromhisremarkaboutpoetry,thatis,"allgoodpoetryisthespontaneousoverflowofpowerfulfeelings."A.SamuelTaylorColeridgeB.JohnKeatsC.WilliamWordsworthD.PercyByssheShellyAnswer:C12.Pip,Estella,Havisham,Magwitch,andJoeGargeryaremostlikelynamesofcharactersin_______.A.OliverTwistB.DavidCopperfieldC.BleakHouseD.GreatExpectationsAnswer:B13.InEnglishpoetrythe_______isregardedasthemostcommonfoot.A.iambB.anapestC.trocheeD.dactylAnswer:A14.InPrideandPrejudice,ElizabethBennetfindsoutsomeweakpointsaboutherselfintheprocessofjudgingothers.WhichofthefollowingisNOTaweakpointofhers?A.Blindness.B.Partiality.C.Snobbishness.D.Prejudice.Answer:C15.InByron’spoem"SongfortheLuddites,"theword"Luddite"referstothe_______.A.workerswhodestroyedthemachinesintheirprotestagainstunemploymentB.risingbourgeoisiewhofoughtagainstthearistocraticclassC.descendentsoftheancientking,KingLudD.poorcountrypeoplewhosufferedundertheruleofthelandlordclassAnswer:A16."Fivemilesmeanderingwithamazymotion\Throughwoodanddalethesacredriverran,Thenreachedthecavernsmeasurelesstoman,Andsankintumulttoalifelessocean."Theabovelinesaretakenfrom______.A.Wordsworth’s"TheSolitaryReaper"B.Blake’s"TheChimneySweeper"C.Coleridge’s"KublaKhan"D.Keats’s"OdeonanGrecianUrn"Answer:C17.Inhispoem,"OdetotheWestWind,"Shelleyintendstopresenthiswindasacentral_______aroundwhichthepoemweavesvariouscyclesofdeathandrebirth.A.conceptB.symbolC.simileD.metonymyAnswer:B18.IntheconversationwithhiswifeinChapterOneofPrideandPrejudice,Mr.Bennetusesa(n)______tonewithsarcastichumor.A.solemnB.harshC.arrogantD.teasingAnswer:D19.CharlesDickenstakestheFrenchRevolutionasthebackgroundofhisnovel______.A.GreatExpectationsB.ATaleofTwoCitiesC.BleakHouseD.OliverTwistAnswer:B20.AtypicalfeatureoftheEnglish______literatureisthatwritersbecamesocialandmoralcritics,exposingallkindsofsocialevils.A.RenaissanceB.RomanticC.VictorianD.MedievalAnswer:C21.Thestatementthatthoseextraordinarypeople,seekingsomethingbeyondtheprovinciallife,havefinallytosubjectthemselvestothelimitationsoftherealityeitherduetotheirownweaknessorthesocialenvironmentmaywellsumuponeofthemajorthemesof______.A.Fielding’sTomJonesB.Defoe’sRobinsonCrusoeC.Austen’sPrideandPrejudiceD.Eliot’sMiddlemarchAnswer:D22.AtypicalForsyte,accordingtoJohnGalsworthy,isamanwithastrongsenseof______,whoneverpaysanyattentiontohumanfeelings.A.justiceB.propertyC.moralityD.humorAnswer:B23.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutTheScarletLetterisNOTtrue?A.Itexploresman’snever-endingsearchforthesatisfactionofmaterialisticdesires.B.Itrelatestheconflictsbetweenthesocietyandtheindividual.C.Itisabouttheeffectofsinonthepeopleinvolvedandthesocietyasawhole.D.Itpresentsapsychologicalanalysisoftheinwardtensionsofthecharacters.Answer:B24."Nothingisatlastsacredbuttheintegrityofyourownmind"isafamousquotefrom_______’swritings.A.WaltWhitmanB.HenryDavidThoreauC.HermanMelvilleD.RalphWaldoEmersonAnswer:D25.WhichofHemingway’snovelsdescribesthedriftinglifeofAmericanexilesinEurope?A.TheSunAlsoRises.B.AFarewelltoArms.C.ForWhomtheBellTolls.D.TheOldManandtheSea.Answer:B26.Thethemeof_______maybewellstatedas"Itsingsofnationalismandofthenatureoftheselfinrelationtothecosmosandthemeaningandpurposeofbirthanddeath."A.EdgarAllanPoe’s"ToHelen"B.RobertFrost’s"TheRoadNotTaken"C.WaltWhitman’s"SongofMyself"D.EmilyDickenson’s"BecauseIcouldnotstopforDeath"Answer:C27.TheAmericanPuritanismasaculturalheritagebenefitedtheAmericansin_______.A.strengtheningtheirmoralvaluesB.weakeningtheirreligiousfaithC.knowingtruthintuitivelyD.developingtheirscienceandtechnologyAnswer:A28.MarkTwain,oneofthegreatest19thcenturyAmericanwriters,iswellknownforhis______.A.internationalthemeB.waste-landimageryC.localcolorD.symbolismAnswer:C29."Strangenameswereoverthedoors-strangefacesatthewindows-everythingwasstrange.Hismindnowbegantomisgivehim,thatbothheandtheworldaroundhimwerebewitched.Surelythiswashisnativevillage,whichhehadleftbutthedaybefore."Theabovepassageistakenfrom______.A.Irving’s"RipVanWinkle"B.Hawthorne’s"YoungGoodmanBrown"C.James’"DaisyMiller"D.Hemingway’s"IndianCamp"Answer:A30.AccordingtoHawthorne,thescarletletter"A"whichoriginallystoodfor"_______"finallyobtainedthemeaningof"able"or"angel"throughHester’sefforts.A.adulteryB.arroganceC.accomplishmentD.agonyAnswer:A31.Asanaturalistwriter,TheodoreDreiserwasgreatlyinfluencedby_______.A.NathanielHawthorneB.CharlesDarwinC.HenryJamesD.RalphWaldoEmersonAnswer:B32.InSisterCarrie,Hurstwood,extremelyhopelessandtotallydevastated,endshislifebyturningonthegas,whileatthesametimeCarrieisrockingcomfortablyinherluxurioushotelroombeforesheboardsashipfor_______.A.NewYorkB.LondonC.ParisD,GenevaAnswer:B33.InHenryJames’"DaisyMiller,"theauthortriestoportraytheprotagonistasanembodimentof______.A.theforceofconventionB.thedeclineofaristocracyC.thefreespiritoftheNewWorldD.thecorruptionofthenewrichAnswer:C34.Americanwritersofthefirstpostwarerawhoweredevoidoffaithandalienatedfromthecivilizationwerecommonlycalled"______."A.sonsoflibertyB.fatherlesschildrenC.abeatgenerationD.alostgenerationAnswer:D35.TheraftwithwhichHuckandJimmaketheirvoyagedowntheMississippiRivermaysymbolizeallthefollowingEXCEPT______.A.areturntonatureB.anescapefromevils,injustices,andcorruptionofthecivilizedsocietyC.theheavenlykingdomofChristianityD.asmallworldwherepeopleofdifferentcolorscanlivefriendlyandhappilyAnswer:C36.OfthefollowingAmericanpoetsinthetwentiethcentury,theonewhohasthebestknowledgeofChinesecultureis_______.A.RobertFrostB.AllenGinsbergC.EzraPoundD.E.E.CummingsAnswer:C37.EmilyGrierson,theprotagonistinFaulkner’sstory"ARoseforEmily,"canberegardedasasymbolstandingforallthefollowingqualitiesEXCEPT_______.A.noprejudiceagainstthenorthernersB.rigidideasofsocialstatusC.bigotryandeccentricityD.graceandintegrityAnswer:D38.RobertFrostisaregionalpoetinthesensethathispoemsaremainlyconcernedaboutthe_______.A.lifeinNewYorkB.countrylifeinNewEnglandC.seaadventuresD.lifeontheMississippiAnswer:B39.InHemingway’sstory"IndianCamp"Nick,theprotagonist,witnesses_______.A.atragickillingoftheIndiansbythewhitemanB.realfriendshipbetweenthewhitemenandtheIndiansC.men’ssenselesskillingofeachotherD.terriblescenesofbirthanddeathAnswer:D40.GreatGatsby,writtenbyFitzgeraldin1925,isastoryabout______whowasdestroyedbytheinfluenceofthewealthy,pleasure-seekingpeoplearoundhim.A.avagabondB.anidealistC.aneccentricD.anopportunistAnswer:BPARTTWOII.ReadingComprehension41."Busyoldfool,unrulysun,Whydostthouthus,Throughwindowsandthroughcurtainscallonus?"Questions:A.Identifythepoemandthepoet.B.Whatdoestheword"fool"referto?C.Whatideadoesthequotationexpress?參考答案：AItistakenfromJoneDonne’s"TheSunRising"(P66)B."fool"referstothesun.C.Donne’sgreatproseworksarehissermons,thequotationexpressesastrongsenseofrebelliousspirit,theauthortriedtobreakawayfromtheconventionalfashionoftheElizabethanlovepoetry.(P63+66)42."MostmightyEmperorofLilliput,delightandterroroftheuniverse,whosedominionsextendfivethousandblustrugs(abouttwelvemilesincircumference)totheextremitiesoftheglobe;MonarchofallMonarchs;tallerthanthesonsofmen;whosefeetpressdowntothecenter,andwhoseheadstrikesagainstthesun;atwhosenodtheprincesoftheearthshaketheirknees;pleasantasspring,comfortableassummer,fruitfulasautumn,dreadfulaswinter."Questions:A.Identifytheworkandtheauthor.B.Whatisthetoneoftheauthor?C.Whatdoestheauthorparodyhere?Answers:A.Thepassagecomesfrom"Gulliver’sTravels"writtenbyJonanthanSwift.(P115)B.TheauthorusedtheIronictoneofthepassage.C.Romance(prose)/Adventurousproseistheparodyhere.43."Shethankedmen-good!butthankedSomehow-Iknownothow-asifsherankedMygiftofanine-hundred-years-oldnameWithanybody’sgift."Questions:A.Identifythepoemandthepoet.B.Whatkindoftonedoesthespeakerusehere?C.Whatideadoesthequotedpassageexpress?Answers:A.Thepoemis"MyLastDuchess",byRobertBrowning.(P286)B.ThespeakerisDuke,heisavillain.Thespeakerusesthetoneofarrogant(傲慢的)here.C.Thequotedpassagerevealsthedukeisaself-conceited,cruelandtyrannicalman.(P287)44."ThisismylettertotheWorldThatneverwrotetoMe-ThesimpleNewsthatNaturetold-WithtenderMajesty"Questions:A.IdentifythepoetB.Whatdoestheword"World"referto?C.Whatideadoesthequotedpassageexpress?Answers:A.ThepoetisEmilyDickinson.(P520)B."World"referstotheoutsideworld.C.ThepoemexpressesDickinson’sanxietyabouthercommunicationwiththeoutsideworld.(P520)III.QuestionsandAnswers45."ForhereinFortuneshowsherselfmorekindThaninhercustom;itisstillheruseToletthewretchedmanoutlivehiswealth,ToviewwithholloweyeandwrinkledbrowAnageofpoverty;fromwhichling’ringpenanceOfsuchmiserydothshecutmeoff."TheabovelinesaretakenfromaspeechmadebyAntonio,amajorcharacterinShakespeare’splayTheMerchantofVenice.WhydoesAntoniosaythatFortuneismorekindtohimthaninhercustom?參考答案:Thissentencemeansshe,LadyFortune,ismorekindtohimbecausesheistakingawaybothhiswealthandlife.ThespeakerisAntonio,it’ssaidthathisshiphaveallbeenlost,andheispenniless,andwillhavetopaythepoundofflesh.(BecauseShylockhasmadeastrangebondthatrequiresAntoniotopayhimapoundoffleshifhecan’trepayhim,themoneythatheborrowedforhisfriendinduetime.)(P38)46."ThefirstshotImadeamongthesecreatures,Ikilledashe-goatwhichhadalittlekidbyherwhichshegavesuckto,whichgrievedmeheartily;butwhentheoldonefell,thekidstoodstockstillbyhertillIcameandtookherup,andnotonlyso,butwhenIcarriedtheoldonewithmeuponmyshoulders,thekidfollowedmequitetomyenclosure,uponwhichIlaiddownthedam,andtookthekidinmyarms,andcarrieditovermypale,inhopestohaveitbreduptame,butitwouldnoteat,soIwasforcedtokillitandeatitmyself;thesetwosuppliedmewithfleshagreatwhile,forIatesparingly;andsavedmyprovisions(mybreadespecially)asmuchaspossiblyIcould."ThisisaverysignificantsentencewithgreatdetailsthatrevealsthecharacterofRobinsonCrusoe.WhataspectsofCrusoe’scharacterarerevealedthen?參考答案:1)Inmostofhisworks,Defoegavehispraisetothehard-working,sturdymiddleclassandshowedhissympathyforthelower-classpeople.RobinsonCrusoewassuchacharacter.2)Robisongoesouttosea,getsshipwreckedandmarooned/landedonalonelyisland,strugglestolivefor24yearsthereandfinallyissavedbyashipandreturnstoEngland.DuringtheperiodRobinsonleadsaharshandlonelylifeandsurvivesbygrowingcorps,taminganimals,etc.growingfromana?veyoungmanintoahardenedman.3)Withagreatcapacityforwork,inexhaustibleenergy(精力充沛),courageandpersistenceinovercomingdifficulties(在克服困難方面持之以恒),instrugglingagainstnature,Crusoebecomestheprototype/representativeoftheempirebuilder,thepioneercolonist.(他是大英帝國締造者的完美典范，同時也是殖民者的先驅).4)Inthenovel,Defoeglorifiedhumanlaborandthepuritanfortitudewhichthemiddleclasspraisedhighly,sohecanberegardedasaspokesmanofthebourgeois.(P98-100)47.Situationalironyoccurswhenwhathappensturnsouttobequitedifferentfromwhatisexpected;sometimeswhathappenisjusttheoppositeofwhatisexpected.In"IndianCamp,"Hemingwaymakesasuccessfuluseofthiskindofirony.Pleaseillustrateitwithsomeexamples.(本題屬于超綱題，書上沒有現成的答案，可忽略不計)48."TheonlythingIdon’tlike,sheproceeded,isthesociety."("DaisyMiller"byHenryJames)WhatkindofsocietydoesDaisynotlike?Why?參考答案:Shedoesn’tliketheoldworld---Europeanlife.BecausesheistheAmericanGirlinEurope,acelebratedculturaltypewhoembodiesthespiritoftheNewWorld.However,innocence,thekeynoteofhercharacter,turnsouttobeanadmiringbutadangerousqualityandherdefianceofsocialtaboosintheOldWorldfinallybringshertoadisasterintheclashbetweentwodifferentcultures.(P499---500)IVTopicDiscussion49.ListthreedistinctivefeaturesofEnglishRenaissancemovementinliteratureandthenillustrateeachwithproofsfromeithertheconcernedchapterinyourtextbookoryourownreading.參考答案:1)ThefirstperiodoftheEnglishRenaissancewasoneofimitationandassimilation.PetrarchwasregardedasthefountainheadofliteraturebytheEnglishwriters.WyattintroducedthePetrachansonnetintoEnglandandSurreybroughtinblankverse.2)TheElizabethandrama,initstotality,istherealmainstreamoftheEnglishRenaissance.TheGreekandRomanDramshadagreatinfluenceontheElizabethDrama,especiallyonShakespeare’stragedies.E.g.Hamlet,thefirstofthegreattragedies,isregardedasShakespeare’smostpopularplayonthestage.3)FrancisBacon,thefirstimportantEnglishessayist,isbestknownforhisessayswhichgreatlyinfluencedthedevelopmentofhisliteraryform.HewasthefounderofmodernscienceinEngland.(P10---12)50."Myfaithisgone!"criedhe(GoodmanBrown),afteronestupefiedmoment."Thereisnogoodonearth;andsinisbutaname.Come,devil!fortotheeisthisworldgiven."CommentonthispassagefromHawthorne’s"YoungGoodmanBrown".參考答案:1)Allegorically,YoungGoodmanBrownbecomesanEverymancalledBrown,whowillbeagedinonenightbyaneviladventure,andtheevilnessmakeseveryoneafallenidolintheworld.2)"MyFaithisgone"isapun,itmeansmywifehasdisappearedormyfaithtoGodhasgone.IntheangleofSymbol:"BrownlookuptotheHeavenandresistthewickedone"symbolsBrownhastheforcetoresisttheevilnessoftheNatureandhestillhasthefaithtoGod;but"heisaloneintheforest"symbolsthesocietyistheplacefullofsinsandevilness,Brown’sstrengthisnotenoughatall;thenafterreturning,helivesadismalandgloomylifesymbolshehasbeencrusheddownbythesocialevilnessandlosthisbeliefingoodnessandpiety.(P434—435)Choosethebestanswerforeachblank.1.________,the“fatherofEnglishpoetry”andoneofthegreatestnarrativepoetsofEngland,wasborninLondonabout1340.A.GeoffreyChaucerB.SirGawainC.FrancisBaconD.JohnDryden2.Chaucerdiedonthe25thOctober1400,andwasburiedin________.A.FlandersB.FranceC.ItalyD.WestminsterAbbey3.Theprogressinindustryathomestimulatedthecommercialexpansionabroad.________encouragedexplorationandtravel,whichwerecompatiblewiththeinterestoftheEnglishmerchants.A.HenryVB.HenryVIIC.HenryVIIID.QueenElizabeth4.ExceptbeingavictoryofEnglandover________,theroutofthefleet“Armada”(Invincible)wasalsothetriumphoftherisingyoungbourgeoisieoverthedecliningoldfeudalism.A.SpainB.FranceC.AmericaD.Norway5.Atthebeginningofthe16thcenturytheoutstandinghumanist________wrotehisUtopiainwhichhegaveaprofoundandtruthfulpictureofthepeople’ssufferingandputforwardhisidealofafuturehappysociety.A.ThomasMoreB.ThomasMarloweC.FrancisBaconD.WilliamShakespear6.AbsolutemonarchyinEnglandreacheditssummitduringthereignofQueen________.A.MaryB.ElizabethC.WilliamD.Victoria7.EnglishRenaissancePeriodwasanageof________.A.proseandnovelB.poetryanddramaC.essaysandjournalsD.balladsandsongs8.Fromthefollowing,choosetheonewhichisnotFrancisBacon’swork:________.A.TheAdvancementofLearningB.TheNewInstrumentC.EssaysD.TheNewAtlanticsE.VenusandAdonis9.“ShallIcomparetheetoasummer’sday?”ThisisthebeginninglineofoneofShakespeare’s________.A.songsB.playsC.comediesD.sonnets10.TheheroinesofShakespeare’sgreatcomedies,________arethedaughtersoftheRenaissance,whoseimagesandstorieswillremainalegacytoreadersandaudiencesofalltime.A.PortiaB.RoselandC.ViolaD.Beatrice11.ChoosethefourgreattragediesofShakespearefromthefollowing________.A.HamletB.OthelloC.MacbethD.KingLearE.TimonofAthens12.Whichplayisnotacomedy?________A.AMidsummerNight’sDreamB.TheMerchantofVeniceC.TwelfthNightD.RomeoandJulietE.AsYouLikeIt13.“Denmarkisaprison”.Inwhichplaydoestheherosummarisehisobservationofhisworldintosuchabittersentence?________A.CharlesIB.OthelloC.HenryVIIID.Hamlet14.Theworksof________andtheAuthorisedVersionoftheEnglishBiblearethetwogreattreasuriesoftheEnglishlanguage.A.GeoffreyChaucerB.EdmundSpenserC.WilliamShakespeareD.BenJohnson15.Inwhichplaydoestheheroshowhisprofoundreverenceformanthroughthesentence:“Whatapieceofwokisaman!Hownobelinreason!Howfiniteinfaculty!”________A.RomeoandJulietB.HamletC.OthelloD.TheMerchantofVenice16.In1649,________wasbeheaded.Englandbecameacommonwealth.A.JamesIB.JamesIIC.CharlesID.CharlesII17.Therevolutionof1688meantthreeofthefollowingthings:________.A.thesupremacyofParliamentB.thebeginningofmodernEnglandC.thetriumphoftheprincipallibertyD.thetriumphoftheprincipleofpoliticallibertyE.theRestorationofmonarchy18.Whoofthefollowingweretheimportantmetaphysicalpoets?________A.JohnDonneB.GeorgeHerbertC.JohnMiltonD.RichardLovelace19.WhichworkwasNOTwrittenbyJohnMilton?________A.ParadiseLostB.ParadiseRegainedC.SamsonAgonistesD.Volpone20.ParadiseLostis________.A.JohnMilton’smasterpieceB.agreatepicin12booksC.writteninblankverseD.abouttheheroicrevoltofSatanagainstGod’sauthority1.WhatareShakespeare’sachievements?a.Shakespearerepresentedthetrendofhistoryingivingvoicetodedesiresandaspirationsofthepeople.b.Shakespeare’shumanism:moreimportantthanhishistoricalsenseofhistime,Shakespeareinhisplaysreflectsthespiritofhisage.c.Shakespeare’scharacterization:Shakespearewasmostsuccessfulinhischaracterization.Inhisplayshedescribedagreatnumberofcharacters.d.Shakespeare’soriginality:Shakespearedrewmostofhismaterialsfromsourcesthatwereknowntohisaudience.Buthisplaysareoriginalbecauseheinstilledintotheoldmaterialsanewspiritthatgivesnewlifetohisplays.e.Shakespeareasagreatpoet:Shakespearewasnotonlyagreatdramatist,butalsoagreatpoet.Apartfromhissonnetsandlongpoems,hisdramasarepoetry.f.ShakespeareasmasteroftheEnglishlanguage.2.Whatarethebasiccharacteristicsofballads?a.Thebeginningisoftenabrupt.b.Therearestrongdramaticelements.c.Thestoryisoftentoldthroughdialogueandaction.d.Thethemeisoftentragic,thoughthereareanumberofcomicballads.e.Theballadmeterisused.3.HowdoyouinterpretHumanism?WiththespreadingoftheGreekandRomanculturethereappearedanumberofhumanistscholarswhotookgreatinterestinthewelfareofhumanbeings.Accordingtothemitwasagainsthumannaturetosacrificethehappinessofthislifeforanafterlife.Theyarguedthatmanshouldbegivenfullfreedomtoenrichtheirintellectualandemotionallife.Inreligiontheydemandedthereformationofthechurch,inartandliterature,insteadofsingingpraisetoGod,theysanginpraiseofmanandofthepursuitofhappinessinthislife.Humanismshatteredtheshacklesofspiritualbondageofman’smindbytheRomanCatholicChurchandopenedhiseyesto“abravenewworld”infrontofhim.4.HowdoyousumupthecharacteristicsofNeo-Classicism?a.Peopleemphasizedreasonratherthanemotion,formratherthancontent.b.Asreasonwasstressed,mostofthewritingsoftheageweredidacticandsatirical.c.Aselegance,correctness,appropriatenessandrestraintwerepreferred,thepoetfoundclosedcouplettheonlypossibleverseformforseriouswork.d.Itisalmostexclusivelya“town”poetry,cateringtotheinterestsofthe“society”ongreatcities.Thehumbleraspectsoflifeareneglectedanditshowsnoloveofnature,landscape,orcountrythingsandpeople.e.Itisentirelywantinginallthoseelementsthatarerelatedwiththe“romantic”.5.WhatisthesignificanceofTheCanterburyTales?a.ItgivesacomprehensivepictureofChaucer’stime.b.Thedramaticstructureofthepoemhasbeenhighlycommendedbycritics.IntheCanterburyTales,storiesarerelatedtothepersonalitiesofthetellers.c.Chaucer’shumor:humorisacharacteristicfeatureoftheEnglishliterature.Hisgentlesatireandmildirony.d.Chaucer’scontributiontotheEnglishlanguage.ChaucergreatlyincreasedtheprestigeoftheEnglishlanguage.6.PleasesummarizethecharacteristicfeaturesoftheRomanticMovement.a.Subjectivism:romanticpoetsdescribepoetryas“thespontaneousoverflowofpowerfulfeelings”whichexpressesthepoet’smind.b.Spontaneity:Wordsworthdefinespoetryas“thespontaneousoverflowoffeelings”.Theroleofinstinct,intuition,andthefeelingsof“theheart”isstressed.c.Singularity:romanticpoetshaveastronglovefortheremote,theunusual,thestrange,thesupernatural,themysterious,thesplendid,thepicturesque,andtheillogical.d.Worshipofnature:theromanticpoetsareworshippersofnature,especiallythesublimeaspectofanaturalscene.e.Simplicity:romanticpoetstaketousingeverydaylanguagespokenbytherusticpeopleasopposedtothepoeticdictionusedbyneo-classicwriters.Thereisadominatingnoteofmelancholyinthepoemsoftheromanticpoets.f.Itwasanageofpoetrybywhichthepoetsoutpouredtheirfeelingsandemotions.7.WhatisWilliamWordsworth’sdefinitionoftheword“poet”?Hedefinespoetryas“thespontaneousoverflowofpowerfulfeelings”.8.WhatarethemainfactorsthatexplaintheriseofnovelsasadominantliterarygenreduringtheVictorianage?First,thegrowthofurbanpopulationresultedintheappearanceofanewreadingpublic.Second,withthedevelopmentofthemethodofprintingandpapermaking,thepriceofbooksdropped,andbesidesregularbooks,therewereserialpublications.Inaddition,