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Humanspeechcontainsmorethan2,000differentsounds,from

thecommon"m"and"a"totherareclicksofsomesouthern

Africanlanguages.Butwhyarecertainsoundsmorecommon

thanothers?Aground-breaking,five-yearstudyshowsthat

diet-relatedchangesinhumanbiteledtonewspeechsounds

thatarenowfoundinhalftheworld,slanguages.

Morethan30yearsago,thescholarCharlesHockettnoted

thatspeechsoundscalledlabiodentals,suchas"f"and"v",

weremorecommoninthelanguagesofsocietiesthatatesofter

foods.NowateamofresearchersledbyDamianBlasiatthe

UniversityofZurich,Switzerland,hasfoundhowandwhythis

trendarose.

Theydiscoveredthattheupperandlowerfrontteethof

ancienthumanadultswerealigned（又寸齊）,makingithardto

producelabiodentals,whichareformedbytouchingthelower

liptotheupperteeth.Later,ourjawschangedtoanoverbite

structure（結(jié)構(gòu)），makingiteasiertoproducesuchsounds.

Theteamshowedthatthischangeinbitewasconnectedwith

thedevelopmentofagricultureintheNeolithicperiod.Food

becameeasiertochewatthispoint.Thejawbonedidnzthaveto

doasmuchworkandsodidnztgrowtobesolarge.

Analysesofalanguagedatabasealsoconfirmedthatthere

wasaglobalchangeinthesoundofworldlanguagesafterthe

Neolithicage,withtheuseof"f"and"v"increasing

remarkablyduringthelastfewthousandyears.Thesesoundsare

stillnotfoundinthelanguagesofmanyhunter-gathererpeople

today.

Thisresearchoverturnsthepopularviewthatallhuman

speechsoundswerepresentwhenhumanbeingsevolved

around300,000yearsago."Thesetofspeechsoundsweusehas

notnecessarilyremainedstablesincetheappearanceofhuman

beings,butratherthehugevarietyofspeechsoundsthatwe

findtodayistheproductofacomplexinterplayofthingslike

biologicalchangeandculturalevolutionsaidStevenMoran,

amemberoftheresearchteam.

32.WhichaspectofthehumanspeechsounddoesDamianBlasi,

sresearchfocuson?

A.Itsvariety.

B.Itsdistribution.

C.Itsquantity.

D.Itsdevelopment.

33.Whywasitdifficultforancienthumanadultstoproduce

labiodentals?

A.Theyhadfewerupperteeththanlowerteeth.

B.Theycouldnotopenandclosetheirlipseasily.

C.Theirjawswerenotconvenientlystructured.

D.Theirlowerfrontteethwerenotlargeenough.

34.Whatisparagraph5mainlyabout?

A.Supportingevidencefortheresearchresults.

B.Potentialapplicationoftheresearchfindings.

C.Afurtherexplanationoftheresearchmethods.

D.Areasonabledoubtabouttheresearchprocess.

35.WhatdoesStevenMoransayaboutthesetofhumanspeech

sounds?

A.Itiskeytoeffectivecommunication.

B.Itcontributesmuchtoculturaldiversity.

C.Itisacomplexanddynamicsystem.

D.Itdrivestheevolutionofhumanbeings.

DCAC

Parentingstyleshavechangedovertheyearsinresponseto

therapidchangesintheworld.Whetheritistappingtechnology

orapplyingthebestparentingpracticestomeetaparenting

need,parentsnowadaysgenerallyinvestmoretimeinfinding

outhowbesttoraisetheirchildren.

Modernparentsoftenlooktotheinternetandsocialmedia

forparentingadvice.Theavailabilityofresourceshashelped

modemparentsengagemoreintheirchildren,sdevelopment,

bothacademicallyandemotionally.Modemparentsarealso

moreeagertofindouteffectiveparentingmethodstohelp

themraisedisciplinedandconfidentchildren.

Amodemparentingstylethathasemergedishelicopter

parenting,whereparentsaremuchtoofocusedontheir

children.Theyhelpchildrenwithtasksthey'recapableofdoing

ontheirown,likeselectingactivitiesandfriendsforthem,or

callingtheirteachersabouthomeworkmatters.Suchaparenting

stylecanholdbackthedevelopmentofthechildren,sabilityto

handleresponsibilitiesindependently.Childrenmightbe

ill-equippedwithlifeskillssuchasdoinglaundry（洗衣）,clearing

theirplatesorcopingwiththeirschoolwork.Alwaysprotecting

childrenfromfailuresmayalsopreventthemdeveloping

adaptabilityandacquiringskillslikeproblem-solving.

Ontheotherhand,parentsinthepasttendedtomonitorless.

Childrenweregivenmorecontroloverhowtomanagetheir

schoolworkandchoosetheirfriends.Domestichelperswerealso

notthenormthen,hencechildrenofthepastwereoften

expectedtoshouldertheresponsibilitiesofcaringforyounger

brothersandsistersandmanaginghousework.Livinginthe

pre-internetage,parentswerelessinformedaboutdifferent

parentingmethods,andtheirparentingstyleswereguidedmore

bytheirpersonalities,commonsenseandfriendlyadvicefrom

theextendedfamilyandneighbors,ratherthanbysocialmedia

influencesorparentingwebsites.

Thereisnoonerightwaytoraiseachild.Eachchildisunique

andshouldberaiseddifferentlybyparentswhoarepresentbut

notwandering,whoaresupportivebutnotcontrolling,andwho

protectbutnotcaretoomuch.

4.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"tapping"meanin

paragraph1?

A.Employing.

B.Tracking.

C.Monitoring.

D.Identifying.

5.Whatisadistinctivecharacteristicofhelicopterparenting?

A.Flexible.

B.Efficient.

C.Conventional.

D.Overinvolved.

6.Whatdoweknowaboutparentsinthepast?

A.Theyeducatedkidsinarigidway.

B.Theyoverestimatedtheirkids'independence.

C.Theyaffordedkidsmorespaceforself-growth.

D.Theytendedtostayawayf