2024屆高三英語試題考生注意:1.本試卷共150分。考試時間120分鐘。2.請將各題答案填寫在答題卡上。第一部分聽力(共兩節,滿分30分)做題時,先將答案標在試卷上。錄音內容結束后,你將有兩分鐘的時間將試卷上的答案轉涂到答題卡上。第一節(共5小題;每小題分,滿分分)聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題,從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項,聽完每段對話后,你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。例:Howmuchistheshirt?A.￡19.15.B.￡9.18.C.￡9.15.答案是C。1.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Akindoffood.B.Acloserelative.C.Anewhotel.2.HowwillthespeakersgototheSportsplex?A.Bybus.B.Bysubway.C.Bytaxi.3.Whatwilltheweatherbeliketoday?A.Rainy.B.Windy.C.Sunny.4.InwhichcitydidthewomanandJohnstaythelongest?A.Vienna.B.Rome.C.Paris.5.Whatcanwelearnabouttheman?A.Heusedtobealawyer.B.Heisbeinginterviewednow.C.Hegotthenewsfromhisaunt.第二節(共15小題;每小題分,滿分分)聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題,從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽每段對話或獨白前,你將有時間閱讀各個小題,每小題5秒鐘;聽完后,各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料,回答第6、7題。6.Whenwillthespeakershavetheirpicnic?A.OnFriday.B.OnSaturday.C.OnSunday.7.Whowillgotothemarket?A.Lucy’sparents.B.Johnny’smother.C.JohnnyandLucy.聽第7段材料,回答第8、9題。8.Wherearethespeakers?A.Inabookstore.B.Inarestaurant.C.Inasupermarket.9.Whatdoesthemanhavetodonow?A.Waitforhisturn.B.Signhisname.C.Callhisfriend.聽第8段材料,回答第10至12題。10.What’stherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Husbandandwife.B.Brotherandsister.C.Customerandshopassistant.11.Whatdoweknowabouttheman?A.Heisverypoor.B.Hehatesshopping.C.Heoftenestothestore.12.Whichdressdoesthewomanlike?A.Theredone.B.Theblueone.C.Thewhiteone.聽第9段材料,回答第13至16題。13.Whatdoesthemanthinkofvisitingartgalleries?A.WorthwhileB.Costly.C.Disappointing.14.Wheredidthewomangorecently?A.ToSeoul.B.ToWashington.C.ToParis.15.Howoldisthewomannow?A.22yearsold.B.26yearsold.C.28yearsold.16.Whichartgallerydoesthemanwanttovisitagain?A.Muséed’Orsay.B.CentrePompidou,C.TheNationalGalleryofArt.聽第10段材料,回答第17至20題。17.WhatisPerelman?A.Areporter.B.Adoctor.C.Aresearcher.18.Withwhomdobabiesfeelthemostfortable?A.Otherbabies.B.Babysitters.C.Strangeadults.19.Howmaybabiesreacttounfamiliarbabies?A.Theymaystarttocry.B.Theymaytoucheachother.C.Theymayshowmuchfear.20.Whatmaythestudyleadto?A.Muchmoreparentingtimewithbabies.B.Anincreaseinfamilybaseddaycarecenters.C.Agreaterdemandforexperiencedbabysitters.第二部分閱讀理解(共兩節,滿分40分)第一節(共15小題;每小題2分,滿分30分)閱讀下列短文,從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中,選出最佳選項。ApetingforaTriptoSomaBay,EgyptSomaBayisaperfectplaceforsunnyrelaxation.Ifyoutakeatripthere,youcanalsotakepartinthepetitionweorganize.TheDestinationLappedbytheRedSeaonthreesidesandwithviewsofsandybeachesanddesertmountains,SomaBaycanattractnatureloversmost,Spreadingacrossalmost2,500acres,theEgyptiantouristattractionhasan18holegolfcoursedesignedbyGaryPlayer,agolfingenthusiast,aswellasthelargestThalassospainAfrica.Kiteboarding,divingandhorseridingareallonoffer,too.OfSomaBay’sfiveacmodationoptions,afivestarhotelenjoysafantasticlocationonthehighestpointoftheSomaBaypeninsula.Ithasanumberofguestroomsandsuiteswithprivatebalconies,aswellasfouronsiterestaurants,Youcanenjoybeachsidepizza,takeafternoontea,orstopforadrinkbythe18thhole.Theyareallofferedbythehotel.ThePrizeWiththeofficialpermissionofSomaBay,thewinnercanenjoyafournightstayinaclassicroomatthefivestarhotelonahalfpricebasis.TheprizeincludesreturneconomyclassflightticketswithoverheadcabinluggagefromtheUKtoHurghadaInternationalAirportuptothevalueof￡650perperson,withdirectroutesavailablefromcitiesincludingLondon,ManchesterandBristol,plusreturnairporttransferstoSomaBay(UKtransfersaren’tincluded).ToEnterAnswerthefollowingquestiononlineatnatgeotv,/uk/petitions:ONWHICHSEAISSOMABAYLOCATED?petitioncloseson31October2023.ThewinnermustbeaUKadultresident,aged18orover.1.Whatdoesthefivestarhoteloffer?A.Gamesonagolfcourse. B.Ticketsforkiteboarding.C.Somethingtoeatanddrink. D.Acmodationonthebeach.2.Whatcanthewinnerget?A.Afreestayintheperfecthotel. B.AreturnairporttransfertotheUK.C.ApossibledirectflightticketfromBristol. D.AfirstclassflightfromtheUKtoHurghada3.Whatdoweknowaboutthepetition?A.Itweleschildren. B.Itcoversmultiplequestions.C.IttargetsatEgyptiancitizens. D.ItendsonthelastdayofOctober.【答案】1.C2.C3.D【解析】【導語】本文是一篇應用文。主要介紹的是爭奪去埃及索馬灣旅游的機會而參加的比賽活動的相關信息。【1題詳解】細節理解題。根據TheDestination部分中的“Ithasanumberofguestroomsandsuiteswithprivatebalconies,aswellasfouronsiterestaurants,Youcanenjoybeachsidepizza,takeafternoontea,orstopforadrinkbythe18thhole.(它有一些客房和套房的私人陽臺，以及四個現場餐廳，你可以享受海灘邊的披薩，下午茶，或在高爾夫球場的第18洞停下來喝點東西。)”可知，該五星級酒店可以享受海灘邊上的披薩，喝點下午茶，或者在高爾夫球場第18洞喝點東西，由此可知，該五星酒店提供一些吃的喝的東西。故選C項。【2題詳解】細節理解題。根據ThePrize部分中的“TheprizeincludesreturneconomyclassflightticketswithoverheadcabinluggagefromtheUKtoHurghadaInternationalAirportuptothevalueof￡650perperson,withdirectroutesavailablefromcitiesincludingLondon,ManchesterandBristol,plusreturnairporttransferstoSomaBay(UKtransfersaren’tincluded).(該獎項包括從英國到赫爾格達國際機場的經濟艙往返機票，每人最高價值650英鎊，可從倫敦、曼徹斯特和布里斯托爾等城市直飛，以及從機場到索馬灣的往返機票(不包括英國轉機)。)”可知，獲獎者可以獲得從倫敦、曼徹斯特和布里斯托爾等城市直飛的機票。故選C項。【3題詳解】細節理解題。根據ToEnter部分中的“petitioncloseson31October2023.(競賽將于2023年10月31日結束。)”可知，比賽在2023年10月31日結束，由此可知，比賽在10月的最后一天結束。故選D項。BLarryandIhavealwayshadourbasicvaluesinmon,butourinterestsareasfarapartasoperaandbasketball.Iloveart,andheisahugesportsfan.Hisbigpassionisseeingbasketballgames.Hehasbeensharingseasonticketswithhisfriendsforyears.ImustadmitI’vebeenalwaysinvitedtoseethegamestogether.Thismorning,Icalledmybrother,Larry,andsaid,“Ihaveapieceofgoodnewsandadpieceofbadnews.Whichdoyouwanttohearfirst?”“Goodnewsfirst,”Larryanswered.“Youcangotosleepearlytonight,”Isaid.“Okay.What’sthebadone?”heasked.“We’regoingtotheopera!”Ianswered,laughingloudly.Therewasareasonforthejoke.ThelasttimeIinvitedhimtogototheopera,hefellasleepinthetheater.Ihadtoadmititwasalwaysboringforhim,butwhenIgavehimaticketformyfavoriteopera,Ireallythoughthemightenjoyit.Iwokehimup,butsoonhefellasleepagain.WhenLarryfoundIwasjoking,hebreathedasighofreliefontheotherend.Hesaid,“ButIwantyoutogotoseethelastbasketballgamethisautumnwithme.”Ipromisedandplained,“Notagain!”Actually,mostofthetime,whenthegamewason,I’dbetextingordaydreaming.Sometimes,mytelephonemessageswouldbeinterruptedwhenthehometeamscored.Iknewtheyscoredbecauseeveryonejumpedupandexchangedhighfivesandfistbumps.However,today,asIlookedaroundatthousandsofpeoplecheeringandgettingincreasinglyexcited,Iwasdeterminedtoatleastgiveitatry—formybrother’ssake,ifnotformyown.Thegamewasintense,andIwashookedsoon.Whentheotherteamscored,Ieventuallyfeltabitdisappointedwiththerestofmycrowd.Mybrotherwassurprisedtoseemegettinginvolved.Iwasastonishedmyself!Ididn’tkeepglancingattheclock,countingtheminutesuntilwegotout,Timeflew.ThegamewasoverbeforeIknewit.4.Howdoestheauthordevelopparagraph2?A.Bylistingdata. B.Bygivinganexample.C.Bymakingparisons. D.Byquotingaconversation.5.Whatwastheauthor’sinitialreactiontobasketballgames?A.Puzzled. B.Pleased C.Casual. D.Curious.6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“hooked”inthelastparagraphmean?A.Addicted. B.Satisfied, C.Bored. D.Disappointed.7.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.ArtandSport B.FromOperatoBasketballC.CheeringfortheHomeTeam D.DevelopingaPassionforOpera【答案】4.D5.C6.A7.B【解析】【導語】這是一篇記敘文。主要講的是作者從一開始的喜歡歌劇，對哥哥喜歡的籃球不感興趣，到后來決定試一試認真觀看比賽，居然被籃球比賽給吸引住了，對此產生了濃厚的興趣的故事。【4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據第二段“Thismorning,Icalledmybrother,Larry,andsaid,“Ihaveapieceofgoodnewsandadpieceofbadnews.Whichdoyouwanttohearfirst?”“Goodnewsfirst,”Larryanswered.“Youcangotosleepearlytonight,”Isaid.“Okay.What’sthebadone?”heasked.“We’regoingtotheopera!”Ianswered,laughingloudly.”（今天早上，我打給我哥哥拉里，說：“我有一個好消息和一個壞消息。你想先聽哪個？“先說好消息，”拉里回答。“今晚你可以早點睡覺，”我說。“好吧。哪個是壞的？他問。“我們要去看歌劇！”我大聲笑著回答。）可推知，作者是通過引用對話來展開第二段的。故選D項。【5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據第三段中“Actually,mostofthetime,whenthegamewason,I’dbetextingordaydreaming.”（事實上，大多數時候，當比賽開始時，我都在發短信或做白日夢。）可推知，作者對籃球比賽的最初反應是滿不在乎的。故選C項。【6題詳解】詞義猜測題。根據最后一段中“However,today,asIlookedaroundatthousandsofpeoplecheeringandgettingincreasinglyexcited,Iwasdeterminedtoatleastgiveitatry—formybrother’ssake,ifnotformyown.”（然而，今天，當我看到周圍成千上萬的人在歡呼，越來越興奮時，我決定至少試一試——如果不是為了我自己，也是為了我哥哥。）以及“Mybrotherwassurprisedtoseemegettinginvolved.Iwasastonishedmyself!”（我哥哥看到我參與進來很驚訝。我自己也驚呆了！）由此可知，此處為游戲很激烈，我很快就被迷住了。故可猜測劃線單詞hooked為“迷住”的意思，結合選項Addicted“沉迷的”意思一致。故選A項。【7題詳解】主旨大意題。根據文章大意以及第一段中“LarryandIhavealwayshadourbasicvaluesinmon,butourinterestsareasfarapartasoperaandbasketball.Iloveart,andheisahugesportsfan.”（拉里和我一直有共同的基本價值觀，但我們的興趣就像歌劇和籃球一樣相去甚遠。我熱愛藝術，而他是一個狂熱的體育迷。）可知，提到作者喜歡歌劇。和最后一段中“However,today,asIlookedaroundatthousandsofpeoplecheeringandgettingincreasinglyexcited,Iwasdeterminedtoatleastgiveitatry—formybrother’ssake,ifnotformyown.Thegamewasintense,andIwashookedsoon.Whentheotherteamscored,Ieventuallyfeltabitdisappointedwiththerestofmycrowd.Mybrotherwassurprisedtoseemegettinginvolved.Iwasastonishedmyself!”（然而，今天，當我看到周圍成千上萬的人在歡呼，越來越興奮時，我決定至少試一試——如果不是為了我自己，也是為了我哥哥。游戲很激烈，我很快就被迷住了。當另一支球隊得分時，我終于對我的其他觀眾感到有點失望。我哥哥看到我參與進來很驚訝。我自己也驚呆了！）可知，講的是作者被籃球比賽吸引住了。由此可知，文章主要講的是作者從一開始的喜歡歌劇，對哥哥喜歡的籃球不感興趣，到后來決定試一試認真觀看比賽，居然被籃球比賽給吸引住了，對此產生了濃厚的興趣的故事。故文章最好的標題是“從歌劇到籃球”。故選B項。CAncientbuildersacrosstheworldcreatedstructuresthatarestillstandingtoday,thousandsofyearslater.Romanbuildersbuiltthickconcreteseabarriersagainstwaves.Mayanbuilderscreatedgreatsculptures,andChinesebuildersconstructedwallsagainstforeignenemies.Agrowingnumberofscientistshavebeenstudyingmaterialssincealongtimeago.Theyarebreakingapartpiecesofbuildingsandreadinghistoricaltextshopingtolearnhowtheyhavestoodforthousandsofyears.Theresearchhasturnedupasurprisinglistofmaterialsthatweremixedintooldbuildings.Theyincludetreebark,volcanicash,riceandbeer.Theseunexpectedmaterialscanhavetheabilitytogetstrongerovertime.Figuringouthowtocopythesefeaturescanhaverealimpactstoday.Whilesomeofourmodernconcretehasthestrengthtoholdupverytallbuildingsandheavystructures,itcannotpetewiththedurabilityoftheseancientmaterials.ManyscientistshaveturnedtotheRomans.Startingaround200BC,theRomanEmpirewasbuildingconcretestructuresthathavestoodthetestoftime.Eveninplaceswhereseawaterhasbeenhittingstructuresforages,youwillfindconcretebasicallythewayitwaswhenitwaspoured2,000yearsago.TheythinktheyhavefoundanimportantreasonwhysomeRomanconcretehasheldupstructuresforthousandsofyears.Thattheancientmaterialshaveanunusualpowertorestorethemselvesand“cure”cracks(裂縫)whentheyformisthemostshockingforthem.Exactlyhowisnotyetclear,butscientistsarestartingtofindthereasons.Today’sbuilderscannotjustcopytheancientprocesses.EventhoughRomanconcretelastedalongtime,itcouldn’tholdupheavybuildings.Instead,researchersaretryingtotakesomeoftheancientmaterialsandaddthemintomodernmixes.Peopledon’tneedtomakethingslastquiteaslongastheRomansdid.Ifweadd50or100yearstoconcrete’slifespan,we’llsurelyrequirelesspullingdown,lessmaintenanceandlessmaterialinthelongrun.8.WhatwerethementionedRomanandChinesebuildingsbothusedfor?A.Travel. B.Defence. C.Soldiertraining. D.Seawatercontrol.9.Whichwordcanbestdescribetheancientbuildings?A.Longlasting. B.Energyefficient. C.Delicate. D.Flexible.10.Whatsurprisesthescientistsmostabouttheancientbuildingmaterials?A.Theirlargecracks. B.Theirclearconcrete.C.Theirinternalstructures. D.Theirselfrepairingability.11.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetothefutureconcrete?A.Tolerant. B.Expectant. C.Suspicious. D.Indifferent.【答案】8.B9.A10.D11.B【解析】【導語】這是一篇說明文。主要介紹了世界各地的古代建筑者所建造的建筑在幾千年后的今天仍然屹立不倒的原因。【8題詳解】推理判斷題。根據第一段中“Romanbuildersbuiltthickconcreteseabarriersagainstwaves.Mayanbuilderscreatedgreatsculptures,andChinesebuildersconstructedwallsagainstforeignenemies.”（羅馬的建造者建造了厚厚的混凝土防波堤。瑪雅工匠創造了偉大的雕塑，中國工匠建造了抵御外敵的城墻。）可推知，羅馬和中國的建筑都是用來起到防御作用的。故選B項。【9題詳解】推理判斷題。根據第一段中“Ancientbuildersacrosstheworldcreatedstructuresthatarestillstandingtoday,thousandsofyearslater.”（世界各地的古代建筑者所建造的建筑在幾千年后的今天仍然屹立不倒。）以及第二段中“Agrowingnumberofscientistshavebeenstudyingmaterialssincealongtimeago.Theyarebreakingapartpiecesofbuildingsandreadinghistoricaltextshopingtolearnhowtheyhavestoodforthousandsofyears.”（長久以來，越來越多的科學家一直在研究材料。他們正在拆除建筑物的碎片，閱讀歷史文獻，希望了解它們是如何屹立數千年的。）可推知，這些古建筑能夠持久的存在。故選A項。【10題詳解】細節理解題。根據第三段中“Thattheancientmaterialshaveanunusualpowertorestorethemselvesand“cure”crackswhentheyformisthemostshockingforthem.”（這些古老的材料具有一種不尋常的力量，可以在裂縫形成時自我修復和“治愈”裂縫，這對他們來說是最令人震驚的。）可知，古代建筑材料中最令科學家驚訝的是它們的自我修復能力。故選D項。【11題詳解】推理判斷題。根據最后一段中“Ifweadd50or100yearstoconcrete’slifespan,we’llsurelyrequirelesspullingdown,lessmaintenanceandlessmaterialinthelongrun.”（如果我們將混凝土的壽命延長50年或100年，從長遠來看，我們肯定需要更少的拆除，更少的維護和更少的材料。）可推知，作者對未來混凝土的態度是期待的。故選B項。DAnewstudyshowshomingpigeons(鴿子)binepreciseinternalpassesandmemorizedlandmarkstoretraceapathbacktotheirhome—evenfouryearsaftertheprevioustimewhentheymadethetrip.Testingnonhumanmemorykeepingischallenginginresearchstudies.“It’srarethatthereisagapofseveralyearsbetweenwhenananimalstorestheinformationandwhenitisnextrequiredtogetitback,”saysDoraBiro,azoologistattheUniversityofOxford.Inarecentstudy,Biroandhercolleaguespareddomestichomingpigeons’pathsthreeorfouryearsafterthebirdsestablishedroutesbacktotheirhomefromafarm8.6kilometersaway.Thestudybuiltondatafroma2016experimentinwhichpigeonslearnedroutesindifferentsocialcontextsduringseveralflightsontheirownorwithpeersthatdidordidnotknowtheway.UsingdatafromGPSdevicestemporarilyattachedtothebirds’backs,theresearchersparedtheflightpathsagroupofpigeonstookin2016withmanyofthesamebirds’routesin2019or2020,withoutthebirdsvisitingthereleasesiteinbetween.Somebirdsmissedahandfuloflandmarksalongtheway,butmanyotherstook“strikinglysimilar”routestothosetheyusedin2016,“Itwasasifthelasttimetheyflewtherewasjustthedaybefore,notfouryearsago,”saysOxfordzoologistandstudycoauthorJulienCollet.Theteamfoundthatthepigeonsrememberedaroutejustaswelliftheyfirstflewitaloneorwithothersandperformedmuchbetterthanthosethathadnotmadethejourneyin2016.“Theresultisnotsurprising,butitprovidesnewconfirmationofhomingpigeons’remarkablememory.Itclosesthedistancealittlebitbetweenouroverconfidenthumancognitive(認知的)abilitiesandwhatanimalscando,”saysVernerBingman,whostudiesanimalnavigationatBowlingGreenStateUniversityandwasnotinvolvedinthestudy.12.Whatdoesparagraph1mentionabouthomingpigeons?A.Thetimeofleavinghome. B.Thelocationoftheirbirth.C.Thewaystheynavigatehome. D.Thereasonsfortheirtakingtrips.13.HowdidBiroandhercolleaguesconductthestudy?A.Throughquestionnaires. B.Throughinformationassumptions.C.Throughlabexperimentsonanimals. D.Throughparativeanalysisofdata.14.Whatdidtheresearchersusetogetthepigeons’flightroutesaccordingtoparagraph3?A.Predictionmethod. B.Trackingmethod.C.Expertconsultation. D.Literatureconsultation.15.WhatcanwelearnaboutanimalcognitiveabilitiesfromVernerBingman’swords?A.Theyareunderestimated. B.Theyhavebeendeclining.C.Theyaremuchlowerthanhumans’. D.Theyhaveneverbeenconfirmed.【答案】12.C13.D14.B15.A【解析】【導語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了一項研究發現信鴿可以通過自身的方位分辨技術找到回家的路。解釋了研究開展的經過以及意義。【12題詳解】細節理解題。根據第一段“Anewstudyshowshomingpigeons(鴿子)binepreciseinternalpassesandmemorizedlandmarkstoretraceapathbacktotheirhome—evenfouryearsaftertheprevioustimewhentheymadethetrip.(一項新的研究表明，信鴿結合了體內精確的羅盤和記憶的地標，甚至在它們上一次飛行四年后，還能重新找到回家的路)”可知，第一段提到了信鴿回家的方式。故選C。【13題詳解】細節理解題。根據第二段“Inarecentstudy,Biroandhercolleaguespareddomestichomingpigeons’pathsthreeorfouryearsafterthebirdsestablishedroutesbacktotheirhomefromafarm8.6kilometersaway.Thestudybuiltondatafroma2016experimentinwhichpigeonslearnedroutesindifferentsocialcontextsduringseveralflightsontheirownorwithpeersthatdidordidnotknowtheway.(在最近的一項研究中，比羅和她的同事們比較了國內信鴿從公里外的農場回到家的路線三到四年后的路線。這項研究建立在2016年一項實驗的數據基礎上，在這項實驗中，鴿子在幾次飛行中在不同的社會背景下學習路線——單獨飛行或與不認識路的同伴一起飛行)”可知，比羅和她的同事通過數據的比較分析進行這項研究。故選D。【14題詳解】細節理解題。根據第三段“UsingdatafromGPSdevicestemporarilyattachedtothebirds’backs,theresearchersparedtheflightpathsagroupofpigeonstookin2016withmanyofthesamebirds’routesin2019or2020,withoutthebirdsvisitingthereleasesiteinbetween.(研究人員利用臨時安裝在鴿子背上的GPS設備的數據，將一群鴿子在2016年的飛行路線與2019年或2020年的許多相同路線進行了比較，其間鳥兒沒有訪問釋放地點)”可知，研究人員通過跟蹤法來得到鴿子的飛行路線。故選B。【15題詳解】推理判斷題。根據最后一段““Theresultisnotsurprising,butitprovidesnewconfirmationofhomingpigeons’remarkablememory.Itclosesthedistancealittlebitbetweenouroverconfidenthumancognitive(認知的)abilitiesandwhatanimalscando,”saysVernerBingman,whostudiesanimalnavigationatBowlingGreenStateUniversityandwasnotinvolvedinthestudy.(“這個結果并不令人驚訝，但它為信鴿非凡的記憶力提供了新的證據。它拉近了我們過于自信的人類認知能力和動物能力之間的距離，”弗納·賓曼說，他在州立鮑靈格林大學研究動物導航，但沒有參與這項研究)”可推知，VernerBingman的話表明動物認知能力被低估了。故選A。第二節(共5小題;每小題2分,滿分10分)根據短文內容,從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。We’refortunatetohaveaccesstothedynamicnetworktechnology,whichprovidesrichresourcesforlearning,connectingandentertainingourselves.___16___Thesametoolthatcanenhanceourworkefficiencyalsohasthepowertotrapusinawebofdistractions(分心之事).___17___Anastonishing84.4%ofus,onaverage,reportbeingdistractedatwork.Therearesomeusualsuspects.Emailsstealtheattentionof26%.Phonecallsandtextsinfluenceamassive43%.Coworkersshifttheattentionof27%.AndtheInternet,withitsinfinitesourceofinformationandentertainment,distracts41%ofus.What’smore,asurveyrevealsthatanoverwhelming67%ofworkerssaythattheirworkisoftenaffectedbytheexcessivetimespentonmeetingsandcalls.Thesedistractionsaremorethanmereannoyances.___18___Itistheirlastingimpactthatmakesitimpossibleforustofocusonanysingletask.Inthisway,theygreatlyreduceourworkefficiency.Astudyoffersmoreinsightintoourstrugglewithdistractions.Itfoundthatourbrainwavespulsate(搏動)atdifferentfrequenciesdependingonthetypeofexternalstimuli.Therhythmisfasterforautomaticstimulibutslowsdownfortasksweconsciouslychoosetofocuson.___19___Justthinkaboutit:You’reinvolvedinaproject,andthenyourphonereceivesatextmessage.___20___Andregainingyourfocusmightbeharderthanyouanticipate,Thesamegoesforthatcatchynewsheadlineoraninterestingsocialmediapostthatcatchesyoureyepullingyouawayfromyourtaskandmakingyoulostintheseaofdistractions.A.Butitisdoubleedged.B.Somedistractionscanbeavoided.C.Statisticsrevealhowmonthisissueis.D.They’realsopersistentandendlessingettingourattention.E.Thesoundofitisloudenoughtointerruptyourconcentration.F.Stimulatingourinterestandincreasingthespeedofourworkareimportant.G.Thismakesmaintainingfocusinthenoisyworldaneverincreasingchallenge.【答案】16.A17.C18.D19.G20.E【解析】【導語】這是一篇說明文。主要說明了我們受到外界干擾的原因。【16題詳解】根據上文“We’refortunatetohaveaccesstothedynamicnetworktechnology,whichprovidesrichresourcesforlearning,connectingandentertainingourselves.(我們有幸接觸到動態的網絡技術，它為我們學習、聯系和娛樂提供了豐富的資源)”以及后文“Thesametoolthatcanenhanceourworkefficiencyalsohasthepowertotrapusinawebofdistractions(分心之事).(同樣的工具可以提高我們的工作效率，也有能力讓我們陷入分心的網絡中)”可知，本句與上文構成轉折，指出網絡技術的有利有弊。故A選項“但這是一把雙刃劍”符合語境，故選A。【17題詳解】根據后文“Anastonishing84.4%ofus,onaverage,reportbeingdistractedatwork.Therearesomeusualsuspects.Emailsstealtheattentionof26%.Phonecallsandtextsinfluenceamassive43%.Coworkersshifttheattentionof27%.AndtheInternet,withitsinfinitesourceofinformationandentertainment,distracts41%ofus.What’smore,asurveyrevealsthatanoverwhelming67%ofworkerssaythattheirworkisoftenaffectedbytheexcessivetimespentonmeetingsandcalls.(平均而言，84.4%的人在工作中分心，這一比例令人震驚。有一些常見的疑點。電子郵件搶走了26%的人的注意力。和短信影響了43%的人。同事轉移了27%的注意力。而互聯網，以其無限的信息和娛樂來源，分散了我們41%的注意力。此外，一項調查顯示，高達67%的員工表示，他們的工作經常受到花在會議和上的過多時間的影響)”可知，本段主要通過具體的數據說明了員工容易被網絡分心。故C選項“統計數據揭示了這個問題有多普遍”符合語境，故選C。【18題詳解】根據上文“Thesedistractionsaremorethanmereannoyances.(這些干擾不僅僅是煩惱)”可知，本句承接上文繼續說明干擾的其他消極影響。故D選項“它們還會持續不斷地吸引我們的注意力”符合語境，故選D。【19題詳解】根據上文“Astudyoffersmoreinsightintoourstrugglewithdistractions.Itfoundthatourbrainwavespulsate(搏動)atdifferentfrequenciesdependingonthetypeofexternalstimuli.Therhythmisfasterforautomaticstimulibutslowsdownfortasksweconsciouslychoosetofocuson.(一項研究為我們與分心的斗爭提供了更多的見解。研究發現，我們的腦電波以不同的頻率脈動，這取決于外部刺激的類型。對于自動刺激，節奏更快，但對于我們有意識地選擇關注的任務，節奏會減慢)”可知，上文提到了自動刺激會讓我們節奏減慢，本句為本段最后一句，故承接上文說明其帶來的影響：使得在嘈雜的世界中保持專注成為一個越來越大的挑戰。故G選項“這使得在嘈雜的世界中保持專注成為一個越來越大的挑戰”符合語境，故選G。【20題詳解】根據上文“Justthinkaboutit:You’reinvolvedinaproject,andthenyourphonereceivesatextmessage.(試想一下：你正在參與一個項目，然后你的收到一條短信)”可知，上文提到收到了一條短信，故本句應說明短信給你帶來的影響：打斷你的注意力。故E選項“它的聲音大到足以打斷你的注意力”符合語境，故選E。第三部分語言知識運用(共兩節,滿分45分)第一節(共20小題;每小題分,滿分30分)閱讀下面短文,從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中,選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。In2011,somestudentsattheUniversityofMarylandsawalargeamountoffoodgoingtowasteontheircampus.Theywereso___21___aboutitthattheydecidedtocreateaprogramto___22___theexcess(多余的)foodandsendittopeoplein___23___forfree.Later,theFoodRecoveryNetwork(FRN)___24___.Surprisingly,itsdevelopmentwas___25___.Uptonow,FRNhas___26___tobeeanationwideorganizationwithmany___27___incollegesanduniversitiesaroundtheUS,includingoneattheUniversityofMaryland.Meanwhile,Rochester,acityofAmerica,hasahighrateoffood___28___.Inresponsetoit,aproposalforamunityfoodsystemplanhasbeen___29___bythecity’sgovernment.Theplanisaimedtooffersafe___30___toallresidents.ThechapterofFRNattheUniversityofMarylandworksto___31___theattempts.Withitshelp,theworkisprogressing___32___.Thestudentshaverelocatedquantitiesoffoodthatwouldhaveotherwisegonetowaste.EveryFridayafternoon,membersofthechaptermeetto___33___theleftfoodfromthecampus,Thenthefoodis___34___anddistributedtothemunitiesalloverthestatebycategory.“Our___35___isrespondingpositively,”onestudentsays.“Whatwedon’twantishavingtoomuchfoodinthekitchen.”Thestudentsdomakea___36___,andtheyevensupplythe___37___mealstothepeopleoutsidethecity.Besides,whattheyhavedoneis___38___totheenvironment.ThankstoFRN,theyhavesuccessfully___39___thereleaseoftonsofcarbondioxidethroughreducingwaste.Theworkdoesachievea(n)___40___effect—notonlysolvingtheproblemoffeedingsomepeople,butalsobenefitingtheecologicalenvironment.21.A.relaxed B.delighted C.concerned D.confused22.A.label B.replace C.waste D.redistribute23.A.need B.love C.decline D.check24.A.cameback B.camedown C.cameintobeing D.cametoanend25.A.promising B.challenging C.limited D.outdated26.A.agreed B.prepared C.regretted D.grown27.A.donations B.meals C.chapters D.teachers28.A.supply B.insecurity C.recognition D.disappearance29A.doubted B.rejected C.postponed D.submitted30.A.medicine B.shelter C.food D.trip31.A.aid B.assess C.identify D.investigate32.A.temporarily B.smoothly C.randomly D.toughly33.A.collect B.eat C.order D.sell34A.priced B.sorted C.tasted D.cast35.A.bank B.home C.pany D.school36.A.living B.difference C.fortune D.profit37.A.extra B.dirty C.purchased D.expensive38.A.blind B.harmful C.adaptable D.friendly39.A.allowed B.promoted C.decreased D.received40.A.side B.double C.opposite D.individual【答案】21.C22.D23.A24.C25.A26.D27.C28.B29.D30.C31.A32.B33.A34.B35.D36.B37.A38.D39.C40.B【解析】【導語】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了馬里蘭大學學生發現校園里大量食物被浪費現象后，創建了食物回收網絡這一項目。【21題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：他們非常關心這個問題，于是決定創建一個項目，把多余的食物重新分配給有需要的人，免費送給他們。A.relaxed輕松的；B.delighted高興的；C.concerned關心的；D.confused疑惑的。前文提到“In2011,somestudentsattheUniversityofMarylandsawalargeamountoffoodgoingtowasteontheircampus.”（2011年，馬里蘭大學的一些學生發現校園里有大量食物被浪費。），可知看到食物被浪費應該感到非常痛心非常擔憂。故選C。【22題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：他們非常關心這個問題，于是決定創建一個項目，把多余的食物重新分配給有需要的人，免費送給他們。A.label貼標簽；B.replace替換；C.waste浪費；D.redistribute重新分配。后文提到“theexcess(多余的)foodandsendittopeoplein3forfree.”（將多余的食物免費分給有需要的人）由此判斷，這些“浪費了的，多余的”食物應該需要重新分配一下才能夠分發給有需要的人。故選D。【23題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他們非常關心這個問題，于是決定創建一個項目，把多余的食物重新分配給有需要的人，免費送給他們。A.need需要；B.love愛；C.decline減少；D.check檢查。根據“forfree”（免費）可知，這些重新分配的食物應該是免費送給有需要的人。故選A。【24題詳解】考查動詞詞組辨析。句意：后來，食品回收網絡(FRN)應運而生。A.cameback回來；B.camedown下來；減輕；C.cameintobeing形成；D.cametoanend結束。前文提到“theydecidedtocreateaprogram”（于是決定創建一個項目）由此判斷，正是因為看到了食堂里食物的浪費，所以食品回收網絡才因此產生。故選C。【25題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：令人驚訝的是，它的發展充滿希望。A.promising有前途的；B.challenging有挑戰的；C.limited有限制的；D.outdated陳舊的。根據“surprisingly”（令人驚訝的是）以及后文中“beeanationwideorganization”（成為了一個全國性的組織）可知，食品回收網絡的發展應該是非常有前景的。故選A。【26題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：到目前為止，FRN已經發展成為一個全國性的組織，在美國各地的學院和大學都有許多分會，其中包括馬里蘭大學的一個分會。A.agreed同意；B.prepared準備；C.regretted后悔；D.grown發展。后文提到“beeanationwideorganization”（發展成為一個全國性的組織），說明這個組織一