2021屆高考英語高頻閱讀詞組+練習（二十八）

-：詞組梳理

1.beusedtodosth被用來做某事情

2.usedtodo過去常常做某事情

3.be/getusedtodoingsth習慣于做某事情

4.達到目標achievethegoal

5.across穿過，和on有關，指從上面，上方穿過,through穿過和in有關,從里面，內部穿過

6.walkacrossthestreet/bridge,walkthroughtheforests

7.擔當，充當actas,執行acton

8.采取行動takeaction/takemeasurestodosth

9.在某方面積極beactivein***積極參加takeanactivepartin=joinin

10.adapt…to…適應,adoptsth/sb領養某人，采納某事情

11.總計達addupto=inall=cometo,增加，增添美景/難度addtothebeauty/difficulty

12.把…加到…上add???to…

13.除了…以外（還有…）inadditionto=apartfrom=besides（看見also,else,other選

besides）

14.足夠的，適當的adequate

15.承認做某事情admitdoingsth,否認做某事情denydoingsth

16.允許入內，被錄取進入學校beadmittedinto/toschool

17.預先，提前inadvance,aheadoftime

18.利用takeadvantageof,makeuseof,bymeansof

19.advice,news,information為不可數名詞

20.給某人忠告givesbadviceonsth,聽取某人的忠告takeone'sadvice

21.affect動詞，影響effect名詞，影響對…有重大影響haveabigeffecton

22.beconfinedto限制在，局限于

23.beconfined/berestricted受,,邛艮制

24.bededicatedto奉獻，獻給

25.bedevotedto被用于，貢獻給

26.bedirectedto指向，針對

27.bedrawnto被-一所吸引

28.afford動詞,買得起常跟在can,could,beableto后面

29.有足夠的金錢做某事情canaffordsth/todosth

30.beafraidofdoingsth害怕做某事情；beafraidtodosth不敢做某事情

31.afterall畢竟，終究

32.inthemorning;onSundaymornings

33.attimes有時，間或

34.at,?,speed以...的速度

35.attendon照顧，侍候

36.attribute-to把...歸于

37.backup后退，支持

38.baseon基于

39.beableto能夠，勝任

40.beaboutto正打算

41.beaccustomedto習慣于

42.beassociatedwith與…有關，與…有關系

43.beawareof意識到

44.becapableof有能力干

45.becaught遇到，陷入

46.becommittedto被交給，答應承擔義務

二：習題訓練

(A)

Whilewemaythinkitfeelsgoodtocomplain,complaininghassomebadeffects

associatedwithit.

Whyisn'tcomplainingbeneficial?Researchshowsthatitconnectsourbrainwith

negativity.Thebrainisdesignedtoworkefficiently.Thismeansthatwhenwerepeatathought,

negativeorpositive,thenervecellsformabridgebetweeneachothertopassinformationinahigher

speed.Therefore,thenexttimewehaveasimilartypeofthought,itismoreeasilypassed.This

explainswhycertainthoughtpatternsbecomehabits.

Yettheharmfuleffectsdon'tstopthere.Astudyshowsthatcomplainingcausesthe

hippocampus（海馬區）,whichplaysavitalroleinproblem-solving,tobecomesmaller.

Inadditiontocausingbraindamage,complainingalsoreleasesastresshormone:cortisol,a

kindofchemicalthebodyproduceswhenwemeetwithsomedanger.Constantlyhavingahighlevel

ofcortisolresultsinhighbloodpressure,highbloodsugar,andlowerimmunity（免疫力）.

Theilleffectsofourcomplainingaren'tjustlimitedtoourselves:theyalsoinvolvethose

aroundus.Wetendtomirrorthemoodsofourfriends.Forthisreason,weshouldbecautiousabout

havingstubborncomplainersinourcircleofcompanions.

Thebestwaytodealwithconstantnegativityistodevelopasenseofgratitude（感恩）.Justlike

complainingactsasapoison,gratitudeactsasamedicine.Researchshowsitlowerscortisollevels

by23percent,aswellasreducesbloodpressureandbloodsugar.ltalsodecreasestirednessand

depression.Gratitudeistheperfectcurefbrcomplaining,abehaviorthatstealsourbrainpower,

happinessandphysicalwell-being.

Whathaveyouobservedabouttheeffectsofcomplaininginyourownlifeorinthelivesof

others?Haveyounoticedthatwhenyouaregrateful,youfeelbetterallover?Pleaseshareyour

thoughtsinthecommentssectionbelow.

1.WhatdoPara2-3mainlytalkabout?

A.Thediseasescausedbycomplaining.

B.Thedecreaseofavitalpartofourbrain.

C.Thebadeffectsofcomplainingonbrainpower.

D.Thereasonwhycertainthoughtpatternsbecomehabits.

2.Whatcanweknowaboutcortisolfromthepassage?

A.GratitudeisaneffectivecureforCortisol.

B.Ourbodyproducecortisolwhenwefeelexited.

C.Cortisolisachemicalthatcancausebraindamage.

D.Havingahighlevelofcortisolcanleadtomanyhealthproblems.

3.Whatattitudedoesthewritertaketostubborncomplainers?

A.Grateful.B.Tolerant.

C.Disapproving.D.Skeptical.

4.Wherecanthepassagemostprobablyappear?

A.Inanewspaper.B.Inamedicalreport.

C.Onawebsite.D.Inaradioprogram.

(B)

A90-year-oldhasbeenawarded"WomanOfTheYeaf'fbr](be)Britain,soldest

full-timeemployee-stillworking40hoursaweek.NowIreneAstburyworksfrom9amto5pm

dailyatthepetshopinMacclesfield,2sheopenedwithherlatehusbandLes.Heryearsof

hardworkhave3(final)beenacknowledgedafteracustomernominated(提名)hertobe

Cheshire'sWomanOfTheYear.

Pickingupher"'LifetimeAchievement“award,proudIrene4(declare)shehadno

plans5(retire)fromher36-year-oldbusiness.Irenesaid,UIdon'tseeanyreasontogiveup

work.IlovecominghereandseeingmyfamilyandallthefriendsI6(make)overtheyears.

IworknotbecauseIhaveto,7becauseIwantto.”

GranddaughterGayleParks,31-whoworksalongsideherinthefamilybusiness-saidit

remainedunknownastowhonominatedIrenefortheaward.Shesaid,“Wedon*thaveanyidea

whoputgrandmaforward.Whenwegotacall8(say)shewasshort-listed,wethoughtit

was9joke.Butthenwegotanofficialletterandwewereblownaway.Wearesoproudof

her.It*s10(wonder).^^

答案及解析

A

【答案】1.C2.D3.C4.C

【解析】這是一篇說明文。一項研究表明，抱怨會導致在解決問題時起重要作用的海馬區變

小。除了造成大腦損傷，抱怨還會釋放一種壓力荷爾蒙:皮質醇，持續高水平的皮質醇會導

致高血壓、高血糖和免疫力下降。處理持續負面情緒的最好方法是培養一種感恩的意識。

1.主旨大意題。根據第三段Yettheharmfuleffectsdon*tstopthere.Astudyshowsthat

complainingcausesthehippocampuswhichplaysavitalroleinproblem-solving,tobecomesmaller.

(然而，有害影響還不止于此。一項研究表明，抱怨會導致在解決問題時起重要作用的海馬

區變小。）以及第二段主要解釋了抱怨如何對大腦產生消極影響的。故可知第2-3段主要談

論抱怨對腦力的不良影響。故選C。

2.細節理解題。根據第四段最后一句Constantlyhavingahighlevelofcortisolresultsinhigh

bloodpressure,highbloodsugar,andlowerimmunity.（持續高水平的皮質醇會導致高血壓、高

血糖和免疫力下降。）可知皮質醇水平過高會導致許多健康問題。故選D。

3.推理判斷題。根據倒數第三段最后一句Forthisreason,weshouldbecautiousabouthaving

stubborncomplainersinourcircleofcompanions.（基于這個原因，我們應該小心在我們的朋

友圈里有固執的抱怨者。）可知作者對于固執抱怨者的態度是不贊成、反對的。故選C。

4.推理判斷題。根據文章最后一句Pleaseshareyourthoughtsinthecommentssectionbelow.

（請在下面的評論區分享你的想法。）可知文章最有可能是出現在一張網頁上。故選C。

B

【語篇解讀】本文為記敘文。講述了九十高齡的Irene作為英國最年長的全職員工，依

然在寵物店做著朝九晚五的工作，沒有退休的打算，她被頒發“年度女士”稱號。

l.being【解析】考查非謂語動詞。根據其前介詞for可知，此處用動名詞形式作賓語，

故填being

2.which【解析】考查非限制性定語從句。分析句子結構可知，先行詞為thepetshop,

在非限制性定語從句中作opened一詞的賓語，故用which。

3.finally【解析】考查副詞用法。根據空格所處位置可知，此處應用副詞形式作狀語，

修飾謂語動詞havebeenacknowledged,意為“最終得以認可”，故填finally0

4.declare