______________________________________________________________________________________________________________精品資料英文文獻：Theapplicationofe-commerceforSMEsAgreatadvantageofe-commerceisnotonlysuitableforuseinlargeenterprises,butalsoverybeneficialtomanysmallandmediumenterprises.Relativetolargeenterprises,smallandmediumenterprisesofhuman,financial,informationtechnology,weakandsmallandmediumenterprisestoapplye-commerceisanewtopictobestudied.Typically,theuseofe-commercehasfourtypes:informationaccess,personalcommunication,shoppingservices,virtualenterprises.Ase-commerceisacomplexsystemengineering,itwillusemanynewtechnologies,butthemostimportantthingisthefollowing:ElectronicDataInterchange(EDI),barcodes,e-mail,Internet,WorldWideWeb,productdataexchangeandelectronicform.Thebenefitsofe-commerceusebySMEsForsmallandmediumsizede-commercecangivethemtobringmanynewopportunitiesandchallengesfacingSMEsitcansolvemanydifficultiesandproblems.ThearrivalofInternetforSMEstoopenupabroadermarketspace.Astheinformationintheenterprise'scompetitiveedgecompetitiveplayanincreasinglyimportantrole,withe-commerce,informationonSMEsandbigbusinesscompetition.Overall,theimpactofelectroniccommerceforsmallandmediumenterprisescanbedividedintothefollowingareas:1.Globalmarkets,thecompetitivenessofSMEstraditionalmarketcanbestrengthened;SMEshavemoreopportunitiestoselltheproductstovariouscountriesandregionsworldwide.2.Marketsupplychainsupplierstoprovidedesignandengineeringservicesrequiredwillincrease;manufacturerswilloutsourcemorenon-corebusinesses;customerswillneedmoreelectroniccommunicationforuseinorders,billingandotherbusiness,whenlargecustomersthatrequest,whichwillhaveabigimpactthesupplychain;customerswillrequiretheirsupplierstoprovidemoreinventorymanagementservices,suchasdatawarehouseandordermanagement;manufacturerswillcontinuetoreducethetotalnumberofsuppliers;supplychainlinksbetweenthecompanieswillmoreclosely.3.Internaloperationsandprocesscontrolwithgreateruseofnetworkedinformationtechnologyandsystemintegrationtechnology,thecompanywillimprovecommunicationsandcollaboration;willusemoreautomatedmanufacturingtechnologyforintegratingexternaldataandinternaloperationstoprovidegreateropportunities,suchasEDIandMRPsystemsintegration;enterpriseswillreducethenumberofemployees,butwillincreasetheworkloadofeachemployee;businessoperationsandmanagementcostswillbereduced.4.Customerserviceproviderswilltrytoshortenthemanufacturingofnewproductsandservicesoftheiravailabletime;manufacturerswilltrytominimizetheprice;productqualitywillbegreaterattention;supplierswillfindaneedforfasterandbettertoprovideorderstatusinformation(suchastheproductiondate);businesseswillpaymoreattentiontotheproductafter-salesservice;informationandtelecommunicationsservices,competitionwillintensifybetween;availabletomanufacturersofinformationandthetypesoftelecommunicationsserviceswillincrease;Thenewe-commerceproductsandserviceswillappear;humanresourcesandworkstructure;computer'sroleintheenterprisewillbecomemoreimportant;smallcompanyintrainingemployeestousecomputers,themoredifficultthanthoseoflargecompanies.5.Informationasbusinessassets,theinformationitselfwillbecomeanimportantmarketablecommodities(suchasdatabases);companydataindecision-makingwillplayanimportantrole;throughnetworking,manufacturerswillhavemoreandbetteropportunitiestoaccessmorewidelyusefulincommercialandtechnicalinformation.6.Smallbusinessprospectsandtimelyuseofthenetworkcanaccessthelatestbusinesstrendsinformationtoguidetheirproductionandsales.Determinethefeasibilityofe-commercetechnologyWhenSMEsdecidetousee-commerce,itisnecessarytomeetthesebusinessneedstodeterminethetechnicalfeasibilityofthevariouse-businessinitiatives.Abasicprincipleistousethemostitcanincreasetheoperationalcapacityofe-commercetechnology.Herearethemostsuitabletechnologyforeachnumberofe-commerceapplications,canbeusedforsmallandmediumenterprisesinthechoiceofreference.1.EDIthestructureddataintootherYingyongin(suchastheuseofcustomerorderstoinstalltheproduct);whenthetransactionvolumecanreducecosts;allowthetradingofmanyButongHuoban(suchascustomers,suppliers,manufacturers,etc.)tradebetweeneasier.2.Barcodesquicklydetermineandidentifythemerchandise;todeterminetheidentityandintegrationintootherapplicationsanddatabases.3.E-mailtoindividualsorgroupstoprovidefreeinquiryandexchange;needtosendsomesimpleinformationsharingtoallmembersoftheenterprise;byadditionaldocument(attachment)tosharecomplexinformation;tomakelong-distancecollaborationfasterandmoreconvenient.4.WorldWideWebpublishedinformationaboutthecompanytoachievethepurposeofpublicitycompanies;fromalargenumberofdatasourcestoretrieveinformation;e-commercetobuy/sellgoodsorservices;collaborationbetweenmultipleusersorinformationsharing.5.Productdataexchangeneedstobetimelyproductinformationsenttotradingpartners;distancetogetherwithpartnersinproductdesign.6.Spreadsheetbetterwaytoformatanormconcerningthemanagementofdata;whenitcomestomanydifferenttaskssimultaneouslycantracktheentireprocess;artificialinputdatawithdataonthemachineitselfisintegratedwith;byintegrationofWWWandtheimplementationofinternalsystemstofacilitateelectroniccommerce.SeveralissuesshouldbenotedRelativetolargeenterprises,smallandmediumenterprisesinhuman,financial,informationtechnology,weaker,andthereforetheprocessofimplementinge-commercetherearesomeissueswarrantparticularattention,evensmallenterprisesneedonthee-commercesystemlevelofview,thisprocessisveryimportant.Whencompaniesfeeltheneedofenterprisesystemsfromanywhereintheprocessstartede-commercecanmakeuseofexistingcommercialenterprisesortechnology,youcanalsoe-businessfromscratchforsystem-levelplanninganddesign.Iftheenterprisemayresolvehowtodealwithexcessinventorywhenthethoughtofstartinge-commerce,whileanothercompanymightchoosethroughtheimplementationofe-commercestrategiestoimprovecustomerservicelevels.Thisistheadvantageofaflexiblesmallandmediumenterprises,andlargeenterprisesisdifferent,inordertoconducte-commercesystem-levelontheneedforcomprehensiveplanning.Forsmallandmediumterms,system-levelprogramscanalsobeachievedatvariousstagesofe-commercestart.Evenifsomecompanieshaveimplementede-commercesystemscanalsobequicklymodified.Fore-commercemayreturntothebusinessbenefitstobeinthebusinessconsequencesandevaluatethetechnicalfeasibilityofboth.Thesetwoaspectswillaffecttheimplementationofe-businessattitudeanddetermination.Onepairoftheircompetitioninthemarketitsabilitytocompanynotnecessarilycandoitwellthenewe-commercetechnology,Whiletheotherwantstousethenewe-commercetoolstoexpandtheircompetitiveadvantageofcompanies,thepaceofimplementationofe-commercemaybelarger.Becauseelectroniccommerceisasystematicproject,requiredbeforethedecisiontouseitmakesuretodosocangiveenterprisesthegreatestbenefitsandminimumadverseeffects,mostimportantistoensuretheimplementationofe-commercecanbringtothemoreenterpriseofinterestreturns.中文翻譯：中小企業(yè)如何應(yīng)用電子商務(wù)電子商務(wù)的一個很大的優(yōu)點是它不僅適合于大企業(yè)使用，而且對眾多的中小企業(yè)也非常有利。相對于大型企業(yè)來說，中小型企業(yè)的人力、財力、信息技術(shù)實力較弱，中小企業(yè)如何應(yīng)用電子商務(wù)是一個值得研究的新課題。通常情況下，電子商務(wù)的用途具有四種類型：信息訪問、個人通信、購物服務(wù)、虛擬企業(yè)。由于電子商務(wù)是一個復(fù)雜的系統(tǒng)工程，因此它會用到許多新的技術(shù)，但最重要的還是以下幾種：電子數(shù)據(jù)交換（EDI）、條形碼、電子郵件、Internet、WorldWideWeb、產(chǎn)品數(shù)據(jù)交換和電子表格。中小企業(yè)使用電子商務(wù)的好處：對于中小企業(yè)來講，電子商務(wù)能給它們帶來許多新的機遇和挑戰(zhàn)，它能夠解決中小企業(yè)面臨的許多困難和問題。Internet的到來可以為中小企業(yè)開辟更廣泛的市場空間。由于信息的競爭在企業(yè)的競爭優(yōu)勢中發(fā)揮著越來越重要的作用，有了電子商務(wù)，中小企業(yè)在信息方面就能夠與大企業(yè)競爭。總的來講，電子商務(wù)對中小企業(yè)帶來的影響可以分為以下幾個方面：1.全球市場中小企業(yè)傳統(tǒng)市場的競爭力可以得到加強；中小企業(yè)有更多的機會將產(chǎn)品銷售到全球各個國家和地區(qū)。2.市場供應(yīng)鏈對供應(yīng)商提供設(shè)計和工程服務(wù)的要求將增加；廠商將外包更多的非核心業(yè)務(wù)；客戶將需要更多的電子通信以用于下訂單、記賬等業(yè)務(wù)，當(dāng)大的客戶有這種要求時，這將對供應(yīng)鏈產(chǎn)生大的影響；客戶將要求他們的供應(yīng)商提供更多的存貨管理服務(wù)，如數(shù)據(jù)倉庫和訂單管理；制造商將繼續(xù)減少供應(yīng)商的總數(shù)量；供應(yīng)鏈中各公司之間的聯(lián)系將更加緊密。3.內(nèi)部操作和過程控制隨著更多地使用聯(lián)網(wǎng)信息技術(shù)和系統(tǒng)集成技術(shù)，公司內(nèi)的通信和協(xié)作將改進；將更多地使用自動化制造技術(shù)，為集成外部數(shù)據(jù)和內(nèi)部操作提供更大的機會，如EDI和MRP系統(tǒng)的集成；企業(yè)雇員的數(shù)量將減少，但每個雇員的工作量將增加；企業(yè)的操作和管理成本將減少。4.客戶服務(wù)制造商將試圖縮短它們的新產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)面世的時間；制造商將試圖將價格降到最低；產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量將受到更大的重視；供應(yīng)商將會發(fā)現(xiàn)有必要更好更快地提供有關(guān)訂單狀態(tài)的信息（如產(chǎn)品的生產(chǎn)日期等）；商家將會更加重視產(chǎn)品的售后服務(wù)；信息和電信服務(wù)之間的競爭將加劇；提供給制造商的信息和電信服務(wù)的種類將增加；新的電子商務(wù)產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)將出現(xiàn)；人力資源和工作結(jié)構(gòu)；計算機在企業(yè)中的作用將更加重要；小公司在訓(xùn)練員工使用計算機方面，將比大公司更困難些。5.信息作為商業(yè)資產(chǎn)信息本身將成為重要的可銷售商品（如數(shù)據(jù)庫）；公司內(nèi)部數(shù)據(jù)在決策時將起重要作用；通過聯(lián)網(wǎng)，制造廠商將具有更多更好的機會來更廣泛地訪問有用的商業(yè)和技術(shù)信息。6.商業(yè)前景中小企業(yè)使用網(wǎng)絡(luò)可以及時地獲取最新的商業(yè)發(fā)展趨勢的信息，以指導(dǎo)自己的生產(chǎn)和銷售。確定電子商務(wù)技術(shù)的可行性當(dāng)中小企業(yè)決定使用電子商務(wù)時，就有必要確定可以滿足這些企業(yè)需求的各種電子商務(wù)計劃的技術(shù)可行性。一個基本的原則應(yīng)該是使用那些最能提高企業(yè)的業(yè)務(wù)能力的電子商務(wù)技術(shù)。下面列出了每種電子商務(wù)技術(shù)最適合的一些應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域，可以供中小企業(yè)在選擇時參考。1.EDI將結(jié)構(gòu)化數(shù)據(jù)集成到其他的應(yīng)用中（如