反壟斷法英語詞匯表AAbuseofmonopolypower濫用壟斷支配力Abusetheory濫用理論Abusiveconduct濫用行為Acquiredfirm被收購的企業，被收購方Acquiringfirm收購企業,收購方Acquisitionofasset資產的收購Actofstatedoctrine國家行為理論Actualdamage實際損失Additionalsuit附加訴訟Administrativeadjudication行政裁決Administrativeprocess行政訴訟程序Adversecompetitiveeffect反競爭影響，反競爭效果Affirmativeduty積極的義務Aftermarket下游市場Aggravatingcircumstance從重處罰情節Aggressivepricing超高定價Agreementtodividemarket分割市場的協議Agreementwithmixedcompetitiveconsequence帶有混合競爭后果的協議Allocatemarketgeographically從地域方面分割市場Allocativeefficiency資源配置效率Amicusbrief為協助法庭而對案情所提出的意見書，法庭之友意見概要Ancillaryrestraint/partialrestraint附屬的/部分的限制Annualsale年銷售額Anti-competitiveeffect反競爭效果Anticompetitivestockacquisition反競爭性的股份收購Anticompetitive限制競爭的，反競爭的Anti-merger合并控制Antitrust反壟斷，反托拉斯AntitrustEnforcementGuidelinesforInternationalOperations國際經營的反壟斷執法指南Antitrustfelony反壟斷重罪Antitrustimmunity反壟斷法的除外Antitrustlitigation反壟斷訴訟Antitrustproceduresandpenaltiesactof1974反壟斷程序和處罰法Antitrustscrutiny反壟斷審查Assigncustomer劃分客戶AssistantAttorneyGeneral美國聯邦司法部長助理Assuredsourceofsupply穩定的供貨渠道Attempttomonopolize企圖獨占Attemptedmonopolization企圖獨占Attenuatingcircumstance從輕處罰情節AttorneyGeneral司法部部長Automaticadjustmentmechanism自動調節機制Averagerevenue平均收益Averagetotalcost平均總成本Averagevariablecost平均可變成本BBackwardintegration上游合并（與供應商的合并）Badfaith惡意Barassociation律師協會Barriertoentry進入壁壘，進入障礙Beleagueredsmallbusiness處于困境中的小企業Below-costpricing低于成本的定價Benchmarking制定基準點Bid出價Bid-rigging串通投標Bilateralcooperationagreement雙邊合作協議Blanketlicensearrangement一攬子許可協議Blanketlicense一攬子許可Blockpatent封鎖專利Bonafide善意Bottleneckdoctrine瓶頸理論Bright-linetest可明確適用的標準Burdenofproof舉證負擔Bureauofcompetition競爭局Businessbehavior交易行為Businesspattern經營方式Businessreputation商業信譽Buyer-levercompetition買方競爭CCartelparticipant/cartelist卡特爾參加者Cartelprice卡特爾價格Cartel卡特爾Case-by-caseevaluation個案分析，個案評估Casualconnection因果關系Causeofaction訴因Celler-KefauverAct塞勒-克福弗反合并法Chainoperation連鎖經營Chainstore連鎖店Characterizationprocess認定程序Charteroffreedom自由憲章Chicagoschool芝加哥學派ChiefJustice首席法官Circumstantialevidence環境證據Classaction集團訴訟Classicconspiracy典型的共謀行為Coercion強制Collaboration協作/聯合Collateraloffense附帶性的違法Collateralrestraint附帶限制Collateral從屬于Collectiveaction集體行為，多方行為Collectiveconduct集體行為Collectivepower聯合力量Collusion共謀Collusion共謀行為CommercialClause憲法中的商業條款Committedentry不自由的市場進入，市場進入有較高的門檻Competingbid競爭性的出價Competitionpolicy競爭政策Competitivevariable競爭性變量Competitiveness競爭力Compromise和解Compulsorylicensing強制許可Concentrationintherelevantmarket相關市場的集中度Concentration集中Concertedeffortsbycompetitors競爭者之間的協同行為Concertedhorizontalrefusaltodeal橫向聯合抵制交易Concertedrefusaltodeal聯合抵制交易Conglomeratemerger混合合并Consciousparallelism有意識的協調Consciouslyparallelpricingconduct有意識的協調價格行為Consentorder同意令Consignmentagreement寄售協議Consignmentarrangement寄售協議（安排）Consolidation聯合Conspiracytomonopolize通過共謀行為實現獨占Conspiracy共謀Conspiratorialconduct共謀行為Consumerwelfare消費者福利Continuummodel一體分析方法Contractor承包商Contributoryinfringement共同侵權Controlnaturalmonopoly管制自然壟斷Convictedantitrustdefendant被判決違反反壟斷法的被告Copyrightinfringementsuit版權侵權訴訟Corporateentity法人實體CorporateLeniencyPolicy對公司的寬大處理政策Corporatemerger公司合并Corroboratingevidence佐證，確證的證據（也是一種附加的證據，這種證據使得提供的證據更為有利）Costconsumer使消費者受到損失Costjustification成本抗辯，成本辯護Costsaving成本節約Cost-basedschool以成本為基礎的學派Coverage專利的有效范圍Criminalindictment刑事控告Criminalinvestigation開V事調查Criminalprosecution刑事追訴/起訴/公訴Criminalsanction刑事制裁Cross-elasticityofdemand需求交叉彈性Cross-examination交叉盤問Cross-licensingagreement相互許可協議Cross-licensing相互許可DDamageclaim損害賠償之訴Damagesettlement損害賠償和解Dealer-imposedpricerestraint銷售商強加的價格限制Declaratoryjudgment宣告（式）判決，確認判決（法院只宣告確認當事人某項權利）Deconcentration分散Defense辯護Degreeofindustryconcentration產業集中度Delineatingtherelevantmarket界定相關市場Deliveredprice交付價格Demandcurve/schedule需求曲線Demandelasticity需求彈性Demandsubstitution需求替代Denyingaccess拒絕進入Depression-era經濟大蕭條時期Deregulationofindustry對產業的放松管制Dichotomymodel二分法Dictum法官判決的附帶意見Directinfringer直接的侵權行為人Directvictim直接受害人Directnessoftheinjury損害的直接性Discretion自由裁量權Discriminatoryallowance歧視性的折讓Dismiss駁回（案件）Distributionchannel銷售渠道Distributioncost銷售成本Distributionpattern銷售方式Diversifiedproducer多樣化產品的制造商Divestituredecree拆散的判決Divestitureorcompulsorylicensingofintellectualproperty剝奪或者強制許可知識產權Doctrineofcomity禮讓原則Dominantfirm占市場支配地位的企業Dominantposition市場支配地位Downstreammarket下游市場Drawingofthemarketboundary界定市場范圍Dueprocess正當程序Duplicativerecovery雙重補償/追償Durationofwaitingperiod等待期間Duration持續期間Economyofscale規模經濟Effectivecompetition有效競爭Efficiencydefense效率抗辯Dlasticityofsupply供給彈性EEnduser最終消費者End-use終端使用Enforcementagency執行機構Enforcementguideline執行指南Entrenchdominance加強市場支配地位Entrybarrier市場進入障礙/壁壘Entrycondition進入市場的條件Entryfee入會費，進入費Entryofthemarket市場進入Equitabledecree衡平法上的判決Equitablerelief衡平法上的救濟Equitableservitudeonchattel衡平法上的在動產上設定的地役權Essentialfacility關鍵設施Bottleneckdoctrine瓶頸理論Evadepricecontrol規避價格管制Evidentiaryburden舉證責任Exante事先Expost事后Excesscapacity過剩的生產能力Exchangeassurance交換承諾Excluderival排除競爭者Exclusionaryact排他行為，排斥競爭行為Exclusionaryconduct排他行為Exclusionarypurpose排斥競爭的目的Exclusionary排他性的，排斥競爭性的Exclusiveauthority專有權Exclusivedealingagreement獨家經銷協議Exclusivedealingcontract獨家經銷合同Exclusivedealing排他性交易，獨家交易Exclusiveright獨占權Exclusiveterritorialarrangement排他性的地域劃分Exclusiveterritory獨占地域Exculpate宣告無罪Exemption豁免Exitofthemarket市場退出Explicitagreement/Expressagreement明示協議Expressortacitcollusion明示或默示的合謀Extensionofthewaitingperiod等待期的延長Extraterritorialreach域外效力FFailingdivisiondefense垂危部門抗辯Failingfirmdefense垂危公司抗辯Federalmergerguideline聯邦合并指南FederalTradeCommissionAct聯邦貿易委員會法Felony重罪Fieldofuse應用范圍Finding事實認定Fixprice固定價格Fixthepriceofpatentedgoodsonresale固定專利產品的轉售價格Fixedcost固定成本Fixingofmaximumresaleprice固定最高轉售價格Foreignsovereignact夕卜國政府行為ForeignSovereignImmunitiesAct夕卜國主權豁免法ForeignTradeAntitrustImprovementAct對外貿易反壟斷改進法Forestalling買斷Forfeitasset沒收財產Forwardintegration下游合并（與客戶的合并）Fragmentedindustry集中度很低的行業Franchiseagreement特許經營協議Franchisedagent有特許權的代理人Franchisedagreement特許經營協議Fraudulentprocurementofapatent通過欺騙取得專利權Free-ride搭便車Fringesupplier潛在供貨商Functionaldiscount功能折扌口Futurecompetition潛在競爭GGametheory博弈論Game-theoreticschool博弈論學派Generality一般原則Geographicextensionmerger地域擴大型合并Geographicmarket地域市場Giantcorporation巨型企業Goodfaith善意Goodfaithagency善意的代理關系Grandjury大陪審團（12-25名陪審員）Groupboycott集體抵制/聯合抵制Groupingbuyer集團化的買方Guideline扌旨南Guildcustoms行會習慣HHart-Scott-RodinoAntitrustImprovementAct哈特-斯科特-羅迪諾反壟斷修訂法Heightofentrybarrier進入市場的障礙程度Herfindahl-Hirschmanindex赫爾芬達-赫爾斯曼指數，赫氏指數Heterogeneous不同質的，異質的Hugebarriertoentryandexit進入和退出市場方面存在很大障礙Hobsonschoice無選擇余地Holderofalegalmonopoly合法壟斷權人Holdingcompany控股公司Homogeneous同質的Horizontalalliance橫向聯合Horizontalallocationofterritory橫向地域分割Horizontalcollaboration橫向聯合Horizontalcollusion橫向合謀Horizontalmarketdivision橫向市場劃分Horizontalmergerguideline橫向合并扌旨南Horizontalmerger橫向合并Horizontaloutputrestraint橫向產量限制Horizontalprice-fixingarrangement橫向固定價格安排horizontalprice-fixingconspiracy橫向固定價格的共謀Horizontalprice-fixing橫向固定價格Horizontalrestraint橫向限制Horizontalterritorialdivision橫向地域劃分HouseofLords上議院IIllegalperse本身違法Illegalpurpose非法目的Illicitcooperation不正當合作Impaircompetition損害競爭Impairmentofprimarylinecompetition對第一級的損害Impedimenttocompetition妨礙競爭Imperative命令，規則Implicitagreement默示協議Impliedcontract默示合同Imposeatie-in強加附加協議Incompetence無行為能力Individuallicense個別許可Industrialconcentration產業集中Industrialorganizationeconomics產業組織經濟學IndustrialOrganizationTheory產業組織理論Inferenceofmonopolypower壟斷力量的干預Informationexchange信息交換Informationsharing信息分享Injunction禁令Injunctiverelief禁令性救濟Insurancecoverage保險范圍Intangiblepropertyrights無形財產權Intellectualpropertyrights矢口識產權Intendedvictim預期的受害人Intenttomonopolize壟斷意圖Interbrandcompetition品牌之間的競爭interchangeability可替代性Interfirmcoordination企業間的協調行為Interlockingdirector連鎖董事/共同董事Interlockingdirectorate連鎖董事Internalexpansion內部擴張Interstatecommerce州際貿易Intrabrandcompetition品牌內的競爭/同一商標銷售商之間的競爭Investmentreturn投資回報Invitationtocollude引誘進行共同犯罪行為Invitationtowithholdimmunity請求撤銷豁免Ipsofacto根據事實本身Issueofsecurity證券發行Jointarrangement聯合安排Jointhorizontalaction橫向聯合行為Jointventure合營企業Judicialconstruction司法解釋Judicialdiscretion法官的自由裁量權Jurisdictionalholes管轄權漏洞Jurisdictionalreach管轄范圍Jurisdictionalrestriction管轄權的限制Jury陪審團Juryverdict陪審團的裁決JusticeDepartment美國聯邦司法部JusticeDepartment'sAntitrustDivision聯邦司法部的反壟斷局Know-how專有技術Knowing明知Laissezfaize自由放任（的經濟政策）Legalviability法律上的根據Legitimateend合法的目的Lessdemandingliabilitytest非強制性責任標準Lessee承租人Lessor出租人Letterspatent專利許可證，專利特權許可證Leveragetheory杠桿理論Leveraging杠桿作用Licensee被許可人License-prescribedprice專利許可協議中規定的價格Limitationperiod時效期限Limitedantitrustdispensation有限的反壟斷豁免Listedprice目錄價格Litigant訴訟（參與）人Litigationoutcome訴訟結果Localprice-cutting地方性價格折讓Locationclause限定地域的條款Lock-inbuyer現有的買方MMakerestitution恢復原狀Managerialcompensation管理人員的報酬Managerialdisplacement管理層的更換Mandated強制性的Mandatory強制性的Marginalcost邊際成本Marginalrevenue邊際收益Marginalutility邊際效用Marketallocationagreement/covenant/scheme分割市場的協議Marketallocation市場分割Marketbehavior市場行為Marketcharacterizedbyinterdependence以競爭者之間的相互依賴為特征的市場Marketconcentration市場集中Marketcontrol市場支配力Marketdefinition市場界定Marketfailure市場失靈Marketperformance市場行為Marketpowermeasurement市場支配力的測量marketpower市場支配力Marketshare市場份額Marketstructure市場結構Markettrend市場趨勢Marketingarrangement營銷協議Marketingstrategy營銷策略Market-riggingpractice操縱市場的做法Maximumprice-fixing固定最高價格Maximumresalepricemaintenance維持最高轉售價格Measureofcost成本測量Measurementandassignmentofcost成本的測定和分攤Measurementyardstick衡量標準Menacetocompetition對競爭的威脅Mephistopheleanpact惡魔的協議，指對任何一方均無好處的協議Mergerandacquisition合并和收購Mergerguideline合并指南MergerstoMonopoly壟斷性兼并Microeconomics微觀經濟學Middlemanprofit中間人利潤Minimumpriceclause最低價格條款Minimumresaleprice最低轉售價格MinimumShermanActfine違反謝爾曼法的最低罰款額度Minimumthreshold最低標準Misallocationofresource資源錯誤配置Misrepresentation虛假陳述Misuseofprivateeconomicpower濫用私人經濟勢力Misuseofresource資源的濫用Monetaryrelief金錢救濟Monopolist獨占者Monopolisticcompetition壟斷競爭Monopolization壟斷化Monopolypower壟斷力Monopolypricing壟斷性定價Monopoly壟斷Monopsony買主獨家壟斷/買方壟斷Mostfavorednationclause最惠國條款Motivation動機Movingparty動議方，提出請求的一方Multicountindictment數罪并告Multi-factoredreasonablenesstest考慮多種因素的合理原則Multiplepatent多重專利權Mutuallyaccommodatingbehavior相互協調行為NNakedpricefixing赤裸裸的固定價格行為Nakedrestraint赤裸裸的限制NationalAssociationofAttorneyGeneral(NAAG)全國檢察長協會Naturalmonopoly自然壟斷Netrevenue凈利潤Noruleschool無規則學派No-faultmonopolization無過失的壟斷化Non-binding無法律約束力的Non-bindingguideline沒有法律約束力的指南Noncontractualrestraint非合同的限制Non-efficiencyaim非效率目標Nonexclusivelicense非獨占許可Nonexclusive非獨占性的Non-horizontalmeger非橫向合并Nonpatentedproduct非專利的產品Nonpricecompetition非價格競爭Nonpricedistributionrestraint非價格方面的分銷限制Nonpricerestriction非價格限制Nonpriceverticalrestraints非價格的縱向限制Nonstat