PAGE

3

GeneralSetup

Installation

ProbabilitySimulationisaFLASHapplicationfortheTI-83Pluscalculatorandisnotinstalledinthesamewayasaregularprogram.Toinstallthisapplication,thefileProbSim.hexmustbecedintheFLASH(orArchive)memoryofyourcalculator.ThiscanbeeasilydonewiththeTI-GraphLinkSoftwarefortheTI-83Pluscalculator.Aftertheprogramisopen,makesurethecorrectPORT(Com1/2/3/4)isselectedundertheLink .Also,makesurethecorrectcabletypeisselectedundertheLink .Oncethatisdone,connectthecabletothecalculatorandturnthecalculatoron.ThefinalstepistogototheLink ,selecttheSendApplicationsoptionandusethatscreentosendtothecalculator.Iferrorsoccur,makesurethelinkiscorrectlyinceandtheCOMportistherightone.Ifallelsefails,andyouareusingtheBlacklink,takeofftheextraconnectionthatcamewithitandhookuptheCalc-to-Calccable.

Thiscouldhelpiftheothercableisdefectiveandwillmaketheconnectionlonger.Oncetheapplicationiscorrectlyinstalled,youcanfindtheprogrambyhittingtheblueAPPSbuttononthecalculator.

TIprovidesationandhelpfortheinstallationprogramthroughthehelp orbycontactingTIdirectly.TheTexasInstrumentswebsiteis /calc/.

IdentifyingSections

Whenyouopentheapplication,thereshouldbeaverticalselectionlistof6trialmediums:TossCoins,RollDice,PickMarbles,SpinSpinner,DrawCardsandRandomNumbers.Thesearethetypesoftrialsthatcanbeperformed.Thereis,however,alotmorethatcanbedonewiththesetrialsthansimplesimulation,therecouldbemultipleobjectsandsettingsalongwiththesesections.Theonlynon-sectionalspecificsettingintheapplicationistherandomnumberseedsetting.Thiscanbeusedinordertomakethetrialsstatisticallycorrectandthesameonmultiplecalculators.GoingtotheOPTN usingtheF3keyonthecalculatorcansetthistothedesirednumber.

TossCoins

Thissectionisusedforsimulationofatwo-sidedprobabilitybutthesesidescanbeweighed.Upto3coinscanbeflippedatonceandthenumberofheadsiscountedforanythiner1coin.

RollDice

Thissectionisusedforsimulationofitemsthathavemultiple

esforeachpiece.Thetypeofdiceincludes6,8,10,12and20sideddice.Upto3dicecanberolledatonceandthevaluetotaliscounted

PickMarbles

Thissectionisusedforsimulationofmanytypesofobjectsalongwithlargenumbersineachsection.Thereare5typesofmarbleswiththenumberofeachvariableasperusersettings.Thenumberofeachtypepickediscounted.

SpinSpinner

Thissectionisusedforsimplesimulationofamulti-sidedobject.Therecanbebetween2and8sidestothespinnerbutonlyonespinnercanbeused.Theprobabilityofeachsectioncanbeweighedandthesectionselectioniscounted.

DrawCards

Thissectionisusedforalargenumberofobjectsalongwithdifferentcategorieswithequalnumbersinthem.Thereisa52and32carddeckoption.Eachcardisshowninatablealongwithnumberandsuit.Onlyonedeckcanbeusedatatime.

RandomNumbers

Thissectionisusedforastraightforwardexampleofrandomnumbers.Itisdoneinthesamemannerofaslotmachinewithupto6numbersberandomizedatonce.Thesenumberscanbefrom0to99andeachsetoftrialsisshown.

CoinSection

Settingupthesimulation

Fromthecoinsectionmainscreen,selectthe“SET”itembypressingF3.ThiswilltakeyoutotheSettingsscreen.

TrialSet

Thisissetto1bydefault.Whensetatone,1trialwilloccurwhenyoupress“TOSS”andthenawillappearwithfurthertrialamountsof1,10and50.Ifyoueditthisnumbertobeanythingotherthan1,thatamountoftrialswilloccurwhenyoupress“TOSS”butnowillappearafterthat.

Coins

Thisissetto1bydefault.TheCoinsisthenumberofcoinsflippedpertrial.Youcansetitfrom1to3only.Ifthereismorethanonecoin,thetotalnumberofheadswillbecounted.

Graph

Thisissettofrequency(Freq)bydefault.Whenfrequencyisselected,thegraph-selectiontextwilldisythefrequencyornumberoftimestheheadshaveoccurred.Whensimulatedprobability(SimProb)isselected,thegraph-selectiontextwilldisytherelativeratiothathasoccurredforthatcoin.

StoTbl

ThishasthreesettingswithAllasthedefault.WhensettoNo,onlythegraphcanbeviewedandnotabled anbeseen.Theonlyotherviewableamountis50,otherth l.

ClearTabl

SetthistoYesifyouwantthedatatobecleared.Thisisautomaticallysetwhencertainothersettingsarechanged.

Updates

Youcanchoosehowmanytrialsyouwanttooccurbeforethegraphanddataareupdated.Updatesforeverytrialisthedefaultandonly20,50andareavailable.

Useofthesection

Afterthesettingsareadjusted,thenextstepistoeitherselectthedataviewscreenorstartthetrials.Ifyouwanttoviewtheactualdataofthetrials,makesureyouareintheDATAsection.TheGRPHsectionwillshowupdatedgraphsofthetrialdata.Whenyouarefinishedwiththetrials,youcangototheGRPHsectionandusetheleft/rightarrowkeystoselectthecolumns.Accordingtothesettingdata,eitherthefrequencyorratioinformationwillbeshownabovethegraph.Theselectedcolumncanbeidentifiedbyashadingeffect.

Exportingdatalists

Byusingthedatascreen,theusercanexportdatafromasimulationintolistsonthecalculatortoenablefurtherexplorationofthedata.Thedatascreenshowswhichliststhedatawillbeexportedinto,butisnoteditable.Inthissection,the‘TOSS’listwillcontainthetossnumber,‘C1’,‘C2’,

and‘C3’containtheresultsforeachcoin(0fortailsand1forheads),and‘TOT’containsthetotalnumberofheadsforeachtrial.Iftherewasonlyonecoinusedinthesimulation,the‘TOT’listisre cedby‘CUM’,whichholdsthecumulativenumberofheadsuptothatspecifictrial.

DiceSection

Settingupthesimulation

Thissectionhasbasicallythesamesettingsasthecoinsection.TheonlymaindifferenceistheSidessetting.Thiscanbe6,8,10,12,or20,anddefineshowmanysideseachdicewillhave.Correspondingtypesofdiceareusedintheanimationforeachofthoseavailable.SeeSECTION2.

Useofthesection

Thissectionisusedalmosttheexactsamewayasthecoinsection.Themainexceptiontothisisthatthetotalsumoftherolleddiceiscountedwhenmultiplediceareused.Thegraphanddatausageisthesame,alongwithhowtoperformthetrials.Whenamulti-sideddiceisusedwheretherearetoomanypossibletotalstofitononescreen,arrowswillappeartoinformyouthatmoregraphbaristthancanbeseen.Byusingthearrowkeysattheedgesofthevisiblepartofthegraph,youcanscrolltotheotherbars.

Exportingdatalists

Thedatascreenallowstheusertoexportthetrialdataintolists.Inthissection,the‘ROLL’listwillcontainthetrialnumber,‘D1’,‘D2’,and‘D3’containtheresultsforeachdie,and‘SUM’containsthesumofthenumbersoneachdie.

MarblesSection

Settingupthesimulation

Thissectionhasbasicallythesamesettingsasthedicesection.TheonlymaindifferenceistheMarbleTypessetting.Thiscanbe2,3,4or5,anddefinesthenumberofseparatetypesofmarblestherewillbe.

Correspondingtypesofmarblesareusedintheanimationforeachofthoseavailable.SeeSECTION3.

Rece

Whenthisissettoyes,eachtileisrecedafteritisdrawnandcounted.Ifthisissettono,themarbleisremovedwhenitisdrawn.

Useofthesection

c

Beforeyoustartthetrials,thereareafewthingstonoteaboutthissection.First,ifyouhaverecesettoyes,therewillbean“R”intheupper-lefthandsideofthescreen.Plus,sinceyouareputtingthemarblesbackintothepot,youwillnotrunoutofmarblestochoose.Themarbleswilleventuallyrunoutifyoudonotrecethem.Inthiscase,amessagewillappearafllthemarbleshavebeendepleted.Second,expecttheanimationtobeslightlydifferentdependingonthereesetting.Inordertoperformmoretrials,youwillhavetoeitherclearthedata,orsettherecesettingtoyes.Thiswillinturnclearthedata.

4.1.2 Exportingdatalists

Thedatascreenallowstheusertoexportthetrialdataintolists.Inthissection,the‘ROLL’listwillcontainthetrialnumber,‘D1’,‘D2’,and‘D3’containtheresultsforeachdie,and‘SUM’

containsthesumofthenumbersoneachdie.

Exportingdatalists

Thedatascreenallowstheusertoexportthetrialdataintolists.Inthissection,the‘PICK’listwillcontainthetrialnumber.The‘A’,‘B’,‘C”,‘D’,and‘E’listsrepresentwhi arblewasdrawnforeachtrial.Thelistrepresentingthemarblethatwasdrawnwillhavea1storedforthattrialandallotherswillhavea0stored.

.0 SpinnerSection

Settingupthesimulation

Thissectionhasbasicallythesamesettingsasthecoinsection.TheonlymaindifferenceistheSectionssetting.Thiscanbetypedinasbetween2and8.Thiscreatesmoresectionsinthespinnerareapluscreatesmoreareasforweightstobecedon.Aspinnerwillspinovertheallottedsectionsandthearrowwillstopoverthefinalsection.Forvisualclarity,thespinnerwillNOTendonaseparationlineinthissimulation.SeeSECTION2.

Useofthesection

Thisisabitdifferentsectionthantheothersinuse.ThereisonlyONEspinner,buttherecanbedifferentnumbersofsectionsandeachsectioncanbeweighed.Thesectionsizewillcorrespondwiththeweightonthatsection.Whilethespinnerisspinning,therewillbeanumberontheupperrighthandsidedisyingthenumberthatthespinneriscurrentlyover.Thiswillshowthenumberclearlyevenwhensomesectionsaretoosmalltoseeclearly.

Exportingdatalists

Thedatascreenallowstheusertoexportthetrialdataintolists.Inthissection,the‘SPIN’listwillcontainthetrialnumber.The‘SECT’listwillholdthenumberofthesectiononwhichthespinnerstoppedforeachtrial.

CardsSection

Settingupthesimulation

Therearerelativelyfewsettingsforthissection.Youarelimitedtodrawingonecardatatimebutthedeckscanbechanged.

Decks

Thisissetat1fordefault.Youcanhave1,2or3decks.Thismeansthatformultipledecks,morethanonecopyofacardwillexisttochoose.

Rece

Whenthisissettoyes,eachcardisrecedafteritisdrawnandcounted.Ifthisissettono,thecardisremovedwhenitisdrawn.

DeckSize

ThissettingisheretoallowforuseofaEuropeanstyledeckof32cards.(Therearenospecialsuitsforthe32-carddeck.)Theotherdeckavailableis52andisthedefault.

Useofthesection

c

Sincethissectionhasareceoptionlikethemarblessection,an“R”willappearintheupperlefthandcornerwhenreeisturnedon.Ofcourse,havingreceturnedoffwouldmeanthatyoucouldrunoutofcards.In

thiscase,amessagewillappearwhenyouhaverunoutofcards.Youwillhavetoresetthedataorsetthereceoptiontoyesbeforeyoucandomoretrials.

Exportingdatalists

Thedatascreenallowstheusertoexportthetrialdataintolists.Inthissection,the‘DRAW’listwillcontainthetrialnumber.The‘VALUE’listwillholdthenumberonthecardthatwasdrawnforeachtrial.Aceisrepresentedwitha1,jackwithan11,queenwitha12,andkingwitha13.The‘SUIT’listwillholdthesuitofthecardthatwasdrawn.Heartsarerepresentedwitha1,clubswitha2,spadeswitha3,anddiamondswitha4.

RandomNumberSection

Settingupthesimulation

Thisisareallysimplesectiontosetup.Sincethesimulationisjustarowofrandomnumbers,thereareonlyafewoptionsthatcanbechanged.

Numbers

Thissettingdetermineshowmanyrandomnumbersaredrawnpertrial.Therecanbebetween1and6numbersonly.

Range

Thisrangeisthenumbers,whichcanbechosenduringthetrial.Thesamerangeissetforeachoftheseparatenumbersthataredrawn.Youcansettheminimumandtheumfrom0to99.

Rece

Thissettingsimplyallowsthenumberstobereusedaftertheyhavebeenchoseninatrial.Ifreceisnotturnedon,eachtrialwillbeunique.

Useofthesection

Thissectiondoesnothavemuchspecialuseotherthansingletrialsofrandomnumberdrawing.Thenumberchosenforeachisshowninthelistbutnospecialgraphorstatisticaldataisshownonthescreen.Thisisrawgenerationofrandomnumbersforyouruseanddisposal.

Exportingdatalists

Thedatascreenallowstheusertoexportthetrialdataintolists.Inthissection,the‘DRAW’listwillcontainthetrialnumber.The‘N1’-‘N2’

listswillholdthenumbersthatweregeneratedforeachtrail.Ifmorethanonenumberisbeinggeneratedatonce,the‘TOT’listwillholdthesumofallthenumbersforeachtrail.Ifthereisonlyonenumberb