2021屆杭州第十二中學(xué)高三英語(yǔ)月考試卷及參考答案第一部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分40分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2分，滿分30分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)AVailMarriottMountainResortVailWinterWeatherGuideCoveredingrandmountains，flashinglightsandsnowypines,Vailisperfectforexplorersandpeoplewholoveadventuresalike.Whetherskiingdowntheslopesforthefirsttimeorthehundredth,thisguidewillensurethatyou'rereadyforeverythingthiscityhastooffer.BestTimetoVacationDecemberthroughtoMarchtendstobethebesttimeforthoseinterestedinskiingdowntheslopesinstyle.KnowBeforeYouGoMakethenecessarypreparationsandreservationsinadvance：SkiandSnowboardRentals（租賃）：Don'thaveyourownequipment!VailSportsrentsoutavarietyofskisandsnowboardsforallagesandabilities,aswellassnowshoesandhelmets.ClothingRentals：Forthosenotinterestedinpurchasinghundredsofdollarsofskiclothingforonevacation.MountainThreadshasarentalprogramjustforyou,whereyoucangetmountainnecessitieslikecoats,pantsandgoggles（護(hù)目鏡）.Suncream：Youmightnotthinkaboutgettingsunburn,butithappenstoskiersandsnowboarderseveryday.Difficultylevels：It'simportanttoknowwhatlevelyou'reatbeforejumpingonaskiliftandheadingupthemountain.Useafreetrailmapandplantheslopesyou'regoingtoskidownaheadoftimebasedonthefollowinglevelsyou'llfindupthemountain：GreenCircle：Thesearetheeasiestslopes.BlueSquare：Theseindicateaveragetomediumlevels.BlackDiamond：Themostadvancedslopes.Somemountainswillfeaturedoubleblackdiamonds,indicatingevenhigherdifficulty.WhileVailisfamousforsnowsports,you'llfindplentyofotherfunthingstodooncethesungoesdownoryouaretired.Exploretherestofourwebsiteformoreinformation!WhenisthebesttimetovisitVailifyoulikeskiing?InMarch,AprilJuneandDecemberInDecember,February,AprilandMarchInJanuary,February,MarchandDecemberInSeptember,October,NovemberandDecemberBeforeyougototheVailMarriottMountainResort,youwillhavetotake withyou.A.helmets B.gogglesC.suncream D.atrailmapWhatwillaskiingbeginnerwhowantstoenjoyhimselfprefertochoose?A.BlueSquare B.BlackDiamondCDoubleBlackDiamonds D.GreenCircleBWhyisn'tsciencebetter?Lookatcareerincentive（激勵(lì)）.Thereareoftensubstantialgapsbetweentheidealizedandactualversionsofthosepeoplewhoseworkinvolvesprovidingasocialgood.Governmentofficialsaresupposedtoworkfortheirconstituents.Journalistsaresupposedtoprovideunbiasedreportingandpenetratinganalysis.Andscientistsaresupposedtorelentlesslyprobethefabricofrealitywiththemostrigorousandskepticalofmethods.Alltoooften,however,whatshouldbejustisn’tso.Inanumberofscientificfields,publishedfindingsturnoutnottoreplicate（復(fù)制），ortohavesmallereffectsthan,whatwasinitiallyclaimed.Plentyofsciencedoesreplicate—meaningtheexperimentsturnoutthesamewaywhenyourepeatthem-buttheamountthatdoesn’tistoomuchforcomfort.Buttherearealsowaysinwhichscientistsincreasetheirchancesofgettingitwrong.Runningstudieswithsmallsamples,miningdataforcorrelationsandforminghypothesestofitanexperiment’sresultsafterthefactarejustsomeofthewaystoincreasethenumberoffalsediscoveries.It’snotlikewedon'tknowhowtodobetter.Scientistswhostudyscientificmethodshaveknownaboutfeasibleremediesfordecades.Unfortunately,theiradviceoftenfallsondeafears.Why?Whyaren'tscientificmethodsbetterthantheyare?Inaword:incentives.Butperhapsnotinthewayyouthink.Inthe1970s,psychologistsandeconomistsbegantopointoutthedangerinrelyingonquantitativemeasuresforsocialdecision-making.Forexample,whenpublicschoolsareevaluatedbystudents’performanceonstandardizedtests,teachersrespondbyteaching“tothetest”.Inturn,thetestserveslargelyasofhowwelltheschoolcanpreparestudentsforthetest.Wecanseethisprinciple—oftensummarizedas“whenameasurebecomesatarget,itceasestobeagoodmeasure”—playingoutintherealmofresearch.Scienceisacompetitiveenterprise.Therearefarmorecredentialed（授以證書的）scholarsandresearchersthanthereareuniversityprofessorshipsorcomparablyprestigiousresearchpositions.Oncesomeoneacquiresaresearchposition,thereisadditionalcompetitionfortenuregrantfunding,andsupportandplacementforgraduatestudents.Duetothiscompetitionforresources,scientistsmustbeevaluatedandcompared.Howdoyoutellifsomeoneisagoodscientist?Anoft-usedmetricisthenumberofpublicationsonehasinpeer-reviewedjournals,aswellasthestatusofthosejournals.Metricslikethesemakeitstraightforwardtocompareresearcherswhoseworkmayotherwisebequitedifferent.Unfortunately,thisalsomakesthesenumberssusceptibletoexploitation.Ifscientistsaremotivatedtopublishoftenandinhigh-impactjournals,wemightexpectthemtoactivelytrytogamethesystem.Andcertainly,somedo—asseeninrecenthigh-profilecasesofscientificfraud（欺詐）.Ifmaliciousfraudistheprimeconcern,thenperhapsthesolutionissimplyheightenedalertness.However,mostscientistsare,Ibelieve,genuinelyinterestedinlearningabouttheworld,andhonest.Theproblemwithincentivesisthattheycanshapeculturalnormswithoutanyintentiononthepartofindividuals.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaboutthegeneraltrendinscientificfield?Scientistsarepersistentlydevotedtoexplorationofreality.Theresearchfindingsfailtoachievetheexpectedeffect.Hypothesesaremodifiedtohighlighttheexperiments'results.Theamountofsciencethatdoesreplicateiscomforting.Whatdoesdeafearsinthefourthparagraphprobablyreferto?A.Thepublic. B.Theincentiveinitiators. C.Thepeerresearchers. D.Thehigh-impactjournaleditors.Whichofthefollowingdoestheauthorprobablyagreewith?Goodscientistsexcelinseekingresourcesandsecuringresearchpositions.Competitionforresourcesinspiresresearcherstoworkinamoreskepticalway.Allthecredentialedscholarsandresearcherswillnottakeupuniversityprofessorships.Thenumberofpublicationrevealshowscientistsarebitterlyexploited.Accordingtotheauthor,whatmightbearemedyforthefundamentalprobleminscientificresearch?High-impactjournalsareencouragedtoreformtheincentivesforpublication.Thepeer-reviewprocessissupposedtoscaleupinspectionofscientificfraud.Researchersaremotivatedtogetactivelyinvolvedingamingthecurrentsystem.Careerincentivesforscientistsareexpectedtoconsidertheirpersonalintention.CTheRiseofVoiceTechnologyVoicetechnologyhascomealongway.Justafewyearsago,itwouldhavebeenunusable.Butnow,thosewhofollowthetechnologyknowthatithasgotconsiderablybetter.Writingwithyourvoiceraisesseveralinterestingquestions.Howdifficultisitactually?Humanspeechinvolvesalotmorestartingandstoppingwitherrorsandtheneedforrepairingbrokensentencesthanyoumaythink.Evengiftedspeakersmakemistakes.Toturnthespokenwordintoreasonablewritingrequireslotsofplanning.You’llneedsomekindsofnotesorotherorganiserstomakeitwork.Anotherquestionturningspeechintowritingraisesisthestyle.Howwouldwritingmakethechangethatpeoplespeaktheirwritingratherthantype?Chancesarethatitwouldcomeupwithmanymoreshortsentencesandmoreconcretelanguage,whichisgood.Itwouldprobablyalsorelyonpreparedphrasesalotmoreoften,whichisnotavailablewhenyouarespeakingquickly.Toconfirmthis,acolumnwasnotwritten,butdictated（聽寫）.Itwascomposedfrombriefnoteswrittendownforstructureonly,anditwaseditedforlength,withalloftheoriginalerrorskeptin.Hereweretheresults.Thefirstwasthattheliteralaccuracywasextremelyhigh.Thereweren’tmanycaseswherethesoftwarehadheardonewordincorrectlyandwrittendownanother.Buttheotherresultwasthatthereadabilityofthiscolumnwasratherbad.Obviously,theblameisnotwiththetechnologyatall,whichturnsouttoberathergood.Speakingintowritingreliesonabetterhumanbrainthantheonewecurrentlypossess.Writingishard.There’sareasonitcan’tbedoneatthespeedofspeech,inrealtime.Toclarifythematter,thistimeparagraphbreakswereaddedafterthewholewriting.Punctuations（標(biāo)點(diǎn)）hadtobespokenaloud,andafterafullstop,thefirstwordinthenewsentencewascapitalizedautomatically.Someminorpunctuationmarkswereaddedtomakeitclearer.Toimproveaccuracy,people“trained”thesoftwarebeforehand,readingaprewrittenpassagealoud.Actuallyitturnsouttobemoreeffective.Alloftheseensurethesatisfactorycompletionofturningspeechintowriting.Languageisthemostimportanttoolforhumaninteraction,andvoiceisonebeautifulpartoflanguage.Withthematurityofmoderntechnology,ithasgivenbirthtoagreatchangeinthehuman-computervoiceinteraction.Accordingtothepassage,whichhelpstoturnspeechintowritingintermsofstyle?Thereiscarefulplanninginadvance.Errorsandbrokensentencesareavoided.Peopletypewordsasfastastheysaythem.Thewritingcontainsmorepreparedphrases.Toachievebetterresults,theauthormentionssomechangesfor .processingerrorsinacolumn.addingminorpunctuationmarks.increasingthenumberofbriefegratingshortparagraphsinwriting.Theauthorsuggeststhat .humanbrainsareresponsibleforpoordictatedwriting.writingwithvoicepromisestoimprovethequalityofwriting.writingisanunnaturalactthatcanhardlybelearnedandimproved.technologyhasalongwaytogointhehuman-computervoiceinteraction.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?Whypeoplefullyintendtoturnspeechintowriting.Whatrolevoicetechnologyplaysinimprovingreadability.Wherethehuman-computervoiceinteractionisatanadvantage.Howvoicetechnologyenablesthechangefromspeechintowriting.D“MvP.E.teachertau&htmemaths.”IthasbeenacommonjokeforyearsbutwhenaP.E.teacherappliedforthehead-teacherjob,manyparentsworriedthat“thejokecouldcometrue”.Someparentsasked,“DoestheP.E.teacherknowmathsandEnglish?Ifnot,howishesupposedtotutorthestudents?”ButtherewerestillparentswhobelievedP.E.teachershadmoretimetodisciplinethestudentssincetheydidn’thavemanyclasses.Thisconcernisactuallya“subjectbias”,thatis,choosingaP.E.teacherasthehead-teacherisnotgoodforthestudents’gradessincehedoesn’tknowChinese,maths,orEnglish.ItisacceptableforChineseteachers,mathsteachersandEnglishteacherstobehead-teachersbecausethesesubjectsareimportanttoentranceexamsandscores.Suchaconcernreflectsparents’anxietyinthecurrenteducationalenvironment,whichtendstolinkthehead-teacher’sresponsiblesubjectwiththefactswhethertheschoolcaresabouttheclassandthechildren’sperformancesinthesubject.Manypeoplecareabouttheirkids’academicperformancesonly.Theydon’tcareabouttheirkids’P.E.performanceatall.EvenifkidshaveP.E.classes,parentscarelittle.P.E.teachersareinhumblepositionandtheirclassesareoftenoccupiedbyotherteachers.Ofcourse,ifstudents,P.E.performanceisrelatedtogradesandentranceexams,parentswon’tmind“aP.E.teacherbeingthehead-teacher”.Atthemoment,P.E.isgraduallyincludedinentranceexams.Intermsofhighschoolentranceexamination,GuangzhouwilllaunchanewhighschoolentranceexamwhichincludesP.E.performanceandHealthexaminationin2021,raisingthescoreto70points.Intermsofthecollegeentranceexamination,universitieshavingtherightofindependentenrollmentsaddedP.E.teststotheirentranceexamsin2019.Thispracticeisseenasanimportantsignalthattheassessmentofphysicalfitnessandathleticability,whichareimportantaspectsofastudent’soverallquality,maybeincludedinthecollegeentranceexaminationinthefuture.Wehopethatit’satrendforP.E.teachers,musicteachersandartteacherstobecomehead-teachers.Bysaying“MyP.E.teachertaughtmemaths”,whatdoestheauthorintendtoshowus?Itisjustajokethatseldomhappenedinreality.P.E.teachershardlyassiststudentsinmaths.P.E.teachersaregoodatteachingmaths..ParentsdoubttheabilityofP.E.teacher.Wecaninferfromparagraph2thataP.E.teacher.isoflittlebenefitforstudents’academicperformanceishumblerthanChinese,mathorEnglishteachersreflectswhethertheschoolcaresabouttheclassgetsunfairlyjudgedduetothecurrenteducationalsystemWhydoesGuangzhouraiseproportionofP.E.performanceinhighschoolentranceexamination?Toraisestudents’awarenessofphysicalhealth.TocallonparentstopayattentiontoP.E.teachers.Totesttheoverallabilityofhighschoolstudents.TomakeP.E.teachersequalwithotherteachers.WhatopiniondoestheauthorholdtowardsP.E.teachersworkingashead-teachers?A.Neutral. B.Unexpected.C.Supportive.D.Critical.第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，滿分10分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)Wespendsomuchtimewaitingtobeloved,hopinglovewillfindus,andlookingforthatspeciallove.Unfortunately,that'snotusuallyhowlifeworks.Tobeloved,youshouldloveandrespectyourselfasmuchasyoudoothers.Inordertolovesomeone,youshouldloveyourself.?Stopcomparing（比較）yourselftoothers.16Weallhavedifferentgifts.Whenyoucompareyourselftoothersforwhattheyhave,whetheritisacar,ahouse,orajob,itmakesyoufeelbadaboutyourself.Reallybegratefulabouteverythingyouhave.Gratitudekeepsyourheartopentolove.Practicereceivinglove.Totrulyloveistobeabletoreceiveit.Whensomeonelovesyou,doessomekinddeedstoyou,orsayskindwords,acceptit. 17 Knowthatyouareworthyoflove.Itisimportanttoacceptagiftoflovebyothers.Yougiveyourselfachancetolearnmoreaboutyourselfthatyouarelovable. 18 19 Writeaboutyourexperiences,goodandbad.Whenyouwritedowngoodexperiences,allowyourselftofeelthosefeelings.Whenyourememberbadexperiences,allowyourselftofeelself-compassion.Compassionisnotself-pity,butratherwillingnesstoacceptone'sownpainandregret.Stoptryingtobeperfect.Stopblaming（責(zé)備）yourselfforbeinglessthanperfect.20Justfollowallthestepsaboveanddon'tletanyone'sexpectationsofyouputanypressureonyou.A.Donotfeelsorryaboutit.B.Everyoneontheearthisunique（獨(dú)一無(wú)二的）.C.Allowyourselftofeelthelovethathascomeyourway.D.Appreciateyourself.E.Keepadiary.F.Alwaysdoyourbest,butnotreachingperfectionisNOTfailure.G.Yougivesomeoneajoyofgivingbylovingyou.第二部分語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分45分）第一節(jié)（共20小題；每小題1.5分，滿分30分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)MorethanbirthdaydinnerTheotherdaymydaughterandIwentoutfordinnertocelebrateherbirthday.Wewenttoaplacesheloves.The 21 isontopofahillandwhenwe 22 ,thesunwassettingbehindthemountains.Thekindwaitress 23 usatthedoorbut 24 thatwewouldhavetowaitaverylongtimeforour 25 becauseitwasshortstaffed.Shesaidthatitcouldbeoveranhourbeforewegotourdishes.Well,wedecidedthatwewould 26 becauseshestronglyadvisedthatweshould!Westoodoutside 27 whattodonextwhentheownercameoutand 28 thatwestay!Sowewentbackin.Thewaitresswas 29 .Wewaitedaboutanhourbeforewegotourfoods!Butdoyouknowwhat?ItwasOKbecausewehadteaandweenjoyedsomegreat 30 andalotoflaughs.Intheend,the 31 wasbeautifulinsomanyways.Everyonediningthereknewthattheownerandstaffwerestruggling.Wewereallfacingthistogetherandeveryoneseemedtobevery 32 andappreciative.Whenwewereleavingwegavethewaitressapeacedove.EvenbeforeIcould 33 toherwhatitwas,sheburstinto 34 !Sheexplainedthatshewasahighschoolstudentfromoverseasandwashavingahardtime 35 schoolandworkanddidn’thavemanyfriends.Assheheldthedove 36 toherheart,shesaidwehadnoideahowmuchit 37 toher!Wewereallintears.Shortlyafterwards,thecookcameouttoapologizeforthe 38 andwetoldhimthateverythingwasperfect.Noapologieswere 39 .Infact,wewereso 40 foreverything.Itcouldn’thavebeenbetter!21.A.palaceB.churchC.templeD.restaurant22.A.arrivedB.startedC.gatheredD.stopped23.A.collectedB.metC.receivedD.accepted24.A.mentionedB.promisedC.warnedD.admitted25.A.partyB.dinnerC.mealD.order26.A.leaveB.waitC.refuse D.stay27.A.determiningB.decidingC.wonderingD.finding28.A.orderedB.insistedC.beggedD.hoped29.A.wrongB.rightC.helpfulD.kind30.A.coffeeB.timeC.tea D.conversation31.A.impressionB.sceneryC.experienceD.place32.A.mercifulB.understandingC.generousD.anxious33.A.pointB.referC.presentD.explain34.A.tearsB.laughterC.sorrowD.excitement35.A.goingforB.focusingonC.dealingwithD.judgingby36.A.closeB.nextC.oppositeD.just37.A.matteredB.meantC.costD.valued38.A.billsB.lists C.delays D.dishesA.available B.accessible C.reliableA.grateful B.responsible C.qualifiedD.necessaryD.suitable第二節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式Oneactofkindnessisleadingtoanother.Andaskindness___41.___(pass)toanother,newfriendshipsareformingandexistingonesarestrengthening.Myelderlyneighborcalledmydaughterandme___42.___(pick)fruitsfromhertreeasthefruitswerehighanditwasrequiredtosteponahugeladdertogetthem.Afteranhourspent___43.___(chat)andpickingthefruits,shetreatedustoaglassoffruitjuice.___44.___addition,shegaveusplentyoffruitstohandoutto___45.___(we)friends.Ithengavethemtothreeotherseniorfriendsofmine.Oneofthemgavemeahottomatosoup.Itastedit.Itwassodelicious___46.___Icouldn'thelpaskingheraboutit.Shetoldmethathermomandgrandmawerebothtop___47.___(cook)andshelearneditfromthemwhenshewashelpingtheminheryouth.Thiswas___48.___(total)unexpectedandinterestingtoknow.Besides,sheinvitedmeagainandagreedthatwewouldpreparethedishtogether,___49.___wasthebestpartofall.Ifeelvery 50. (thank)forthesefriendshipsandconnections.Kindnessandfriendshipalwaysgohandinhand.第四部分寫作(共兩節(jié)，滿分40分)第一節(jié)短文改錯(cuò)(滿分10分).假定英語(yǔ)課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請(qǐng)你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有10處語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤，每句中最多有兩處。每處錯(cuò)誤僅涉及一個(gè)單詞的增加、刪除或修改。增加：在缺詞處加一個(gè)漏字符號(hào)(回)，并在其下面寫出該加的詞。刪除：把多余的詞用斜線(\)劃掉。修改：在錯(cuò)的詞下劃一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。注意：1、每處錯(cuò)誤及其修改均僅限一詞；2、只允許修改10處，多者不計(jì)分。Thereisdonationboxinmyneighborhood,inthatyoucandonateclothesandbags.Socialworkerswillcollectthemregularlyanddistributesthemtopeopleinneed.Iloveforthisideaverymuch,andIwanttobeoneofthedonator.ItwasbecauseIgrewsofastwhatmanyclothesmymomboughtmedidn’tfitmeanylonger.Therefore,theyarereallynewandingoodcondition.Iusedtobeingpuzzledabouthowtodealwiththesesecond-handclothes.Butwiththedonationbox,Icanshareitwithotherchildren.Mymotherlikesmyideaandtakesprideofme.第二節(jié)書面表達(dá)（滿分25分）.閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語(yǔ)續(xù)寫兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。WhenIwastenyearsold,Iwasagradefourprimaryschoolstudentinasmalltown.IhadahappytimeatschoolbecauseIhadafewgoodfriendsthere.Weusuallyspentoursparetimetogether,doingourhomework,goingtotheamusementpark,playingwithourpets,andsharingourhappinessandsorrowst