2023年考研考博考博英語(yǔ)西安建筑科技大學(xué)考試高頻考點(diǎn)參考題庫(kù)帶答案（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）答案解析附后第1卷一.綜合題(共20題)1.單選題Theeditorconsideredtheauthor’sanalysisinthisarticletobepenetrating.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.extensiveB.profoundC.conclusiveD.valuable2.不定項(xiàng)選擇題TheAmericansnolongerexpectpublicfigures,whetherinspeechorinwriting,tocommandtheEnglishlanguagewithskillandgift.Nordotheyaspiretosuchcommandthemselves.Inhislatestbooks,DoingOurOwnThing,TheDegradationofLanguageandMusicandWhyWeShouldLike,Care,JohnMcWhorter,alinguistandcontroversialistofmixedliberalandconservativeviews,seesthetriumphof1960s’counter-cultureasresponsibleforthedeclineofformalEnglish.Butthecultoftheauthenticandthepersonal,“doingourownthing”,hasspeltthedeathofformalspeech,writing,poetryandmusic.Whileeventhemodestlyeducatedsoughtanelevatedtonewhentheyputpentopaperbeforethe1960s,eventhemostwellregardedwritingsincethenhassoughttocapturespokenEnglishonthepage.Equally,inpoetry,thehighlypersonal,performativegenreistheonlyformthatcouldclaimrealliveliness.InbothoralandwrittenEnglish,talkingistriumphingoverspeaking,spontaneityovercraft.Illustratedwithanentertainingarrayofexamplesfrombothhighandlowculture,thetrendthatMr.McWhorterdocumentsisunmistakable.Butitislessclear,totakethequestionofhissubtitle,WhyWeShouldLike,Care.Asalinguist,heacknowledgesthatallvarietiesofhumanlanguage,includingnon-standardoneslikeBlackEnglish,canbepowerfullyexpressive—thereexistsnolanguageordialectintheworldthatcannotconveycomplexideas.Heisnotarguing,asmanydo,thatwecannolongerthinkstraightbecausewedonottalkproper.Russianshaveadeeplovefortheirownlanguageandcarrylargechunksofmemorizedpoetryintheirheads,whileItalianpoliticianstendtoelaboratespeechthatwouldseemold-fashionedtomostEnglish-speakers.Mr.McWhorteracknowledgesthatformallanguageisnotstrictlynecessary,andproposesnoradicaleducationreforms—heisreallygrievingoverthelossofsomethingbeautifulmorethanuseful.WenowtakeourEnglish“onepaperplatesinsteadofchina”.Ashame,perhaps,butprobablyaninevitableone.1.AccordingtoMcWhorter,thedeclineofformalEnglish（）.2.Theword“talking”(paragraph1)denotes（）.3.TowhichofthefollowingstatementsisMcWhortermostlikelytoagree?4.ThedescriptionofRussians’loveofmemorizingpoetryshowstheauthor’s（）.5.Accordingtothelastparagraph,“paperplates”isto“china”as（）.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.isinevitableinradicaleducationreformsB.isbutalltoonaturalinlanguagedevelopmentC.hascausedthecontroversyoverthecounter-cultureD.broughtaboutchangesinpublicattitudesinthe1960s問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)A.modestyB.personalityC.livelinessD.informality問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)A.Logicalthinkingisnotnecessarilyrelatedtothewaywetalk.B.BlackEnglishcanbemoreexpressivethanstandardEnglish.C.Non-standardvarietiesofhumanlanguagearejustasentertaining.D.Ofallthevarieties,standardEnglishcanbestconveycomplexideas.問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)A.interestintheirlanguageB.appreciationoftheireffortsC.admirationfortheirmemoryD.contemptfortheirold-fashionedness問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)A.“temporary”isto“permanent”B.“radical”isto“conservative”C.“functional”isto“artistic”D.“humble”isto“noble”3.單選題ThereareafewsmallthingsthatIdon’tlikeaboutmyjob,but（）it’sveryenjoyable.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.allatonceB.onceandforallC.somuchasD.byandlarge4.單選題（）I’llmarryhimallthesame.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.WasherichorpoorB.WhetherrichorpoorC.WereherichorpoorD.Beherichorpoor5.翻譯題Directions:TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChineseandwriteyourtranslationontheAnswerSheetII.Wewilleffectivelyconserveresourcesandprotecttheenvironment.Wewillactivelyrespondtoclimatechange.Wewillstrengthenresourceconservationandmanagement,becomebetterabletoensureadequatesuppliesofresources,intensifytheprotectionoffarmlandandtheenvironment,strengthenecologicaldevelopmentandsystemstopreventandmitigatenaturaldisasters,andcomprehensivelybuildourcapacityforsustainabledevelopment.Theproportionofnon-fossilfuelsinprimaryenergyconsumptionshouldreach11.4percent;energyconsumptionandcarbondioxideemissionsperuntilofGDPshouldbereducedby16percentand17percentrespectively;thereleaseofmajorpollutantshouldbereducedby8percentto10percent;foreststockshouldbeincreasedby600millioncubicmeters;andforestcovershouldbeincreasedto21.66percent.Wewillsubstantiallyimprovewaterconservancyfacilities;makeprogressinbettercontrollingimportanttributariesoflargeriversaswellaslakesandsmallandmedium-sizedrivers;andsignificantlyimproveagriculturalirrigation,theefficiencyofwaterresourcesuseandresistancetoflooding.

6.單選題BadluckhasplaguedMr.Averythroughouthisentirelife.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.huntedB.followedC.hauntedD.clungto7.不定項(xiàng)選擇題Thefirstreactiononehastothequestionofviableapproachestothecontrolofchemicalandbiologicalweaponsisthattherearenosuchapproaches.Anditismostdifficulttodispensewiththisfirstreaction.Thereasonsarethatthenations,includingsomeofthesmallerones,arealreadydownstreamtoofar.ThelargerstoresofweaponsforCBwarfaremayberestrictedtothemajorpowers,butthereislittledoubtthatanincreasingcapabilityisproliferatingtosomeofthesmalleranddevelopingcountries.Whatusedtobelargelyapictureofresearchhasturnedtodevelopment,anddevelopmenthasturnedtomanufacturingandstockpiling.Thesubjectisshroudedinsecrecyanditisthesecrecywhichseemstoprovideanonstopmomentumtorealizethefullpotentialofthesetypesofweapons.Noonereallyknowswhatsomeoneelsemayhavereadyforemploymentinamilitarysituation.ThelargeandexpensiveprogramsintheUnitedStatesandRussiaareattributedtoeachother’s“l(fā)argeandexpensiveprograms”.Knowledgeandcapabilityrequiredfordetectionanddefensearetiedtoknowledgeandcapabilityforretaliation.The“nofirstuse”policyoftheUnitedStatesandothermajornationsimpliesthatthisretaliationbeinkind,andthisrequiresthatweaponsoftheCBclassbeavailable.Aphilosophyofmutualdeterrence(制約)isdevelopinginCBwarfarecomparabletothatinnuclearwarfare.Infact,muchoftheliteratureonthesubjectrepeatsthatthestalemateinthelatteropensuptheneedforcapabilityintheformer.Asanarmsrace,CBWdoesnotpresentthespiralingcostsoftheICBM-ABMsystems,henceamovementtoCBweapons(especiallychemical)amongsomesmallernations.Sofarasthemajorpowersareconcerned,theelementsinCBWwhichareincommonwiththenucleararmsraceincludethenow-acceptedapproachtothatrace.ThusindiscussingcontrolofCBwarfare,aneditorialintheBritishjournal,Nature,concluded:“Thebalanceofterrorbetweenthegreatpowerblocsmaynotbetoeverybody’staste,butitisprobablystillthebestwayofavoidingWar.”1.Itcanbeinferredthatthecontrolofchemicalandbiologicalwarfare（）.2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTgivenasacauseforthecontinueddevelopmentofCBweapons?3.ThewriterintheBritishjournalmightfeelthattheresearchanddevelopmentofCBsystemsshouldbe（）.4.ThejustificationfortheUnitedStates’participationinCBwarfareprogramsismainlyduetothe（）.5.Themainpurposeofthisarticleisto（）.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.islesscostlythancontrollingothersystemsofwarfareB.maynotbepossibleornecessarilydesirableC.isinthehandsoftheUnitedStatesandRussiaD.shouldbecomeamatterofprimeimportance問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)A.Thehostilitiesbetweenthenationsinvolved.B.TheneedtobeabletodetectaCBattack.C.OtherweaponsprogramsaremorecostlythanthedevelopmentofaCBsystem.D.Thecountriesinvolvedareunawareofwhattheothersaredoing.問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)A.encouragedandexpandedB.conductedonlybythemajorpowersC.immediatelyhaltedD.maintainedasitisnow問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)A.needforundetectableweaponryB.costlinessofthenuclearprogramsC.Russia’shavingsuchaprogramD.abilityofmodernresearchtodevelopthem問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)A.showtheindifferenceinstoppingCBwarfareprogramsB.explainthecostofCBwarfareC.discussalternativestoCBwarfareD.makethereaderawareofthedangersofCBwarfare8.單選題Scientistsare（）certainthatthereisacancer-inhibitingagentinthebloodoftheshark.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.dubiouslyB.virtuallyC.queerlyD.randomly9.翻譯題Directions:TranslatethefollowingpassageintoEnglishontheAnswerSheet.時(shí)下，在北京的圖書館、博物館甚至?xí)昀铮?jīng)常有一些大大小小不同類型的文化講座，這些講座，小而言之，只是一次次知識(shí)的宣講，大而言之，則是先進(jìn)文化的傳播。在這方面，中國(guó)現(xiàn)代文學(xué)館組織的周末義務(wù)講座無(wú)疑是開風(fēng)氣之先、具有示范作用的。這里一時(shí)間竟出現(xiàn)了作家學(xué)者主動(dòng)報(bào)名講演，聽者以能占有一席之地為榮的局面，可以相信，越來(lái)越多的人自覺(jué)進(jìn)入求學(xué)殿堂，將大大促進(jìn)我國(guó)國(guó)民素質(zhì)的提升。

10.單選題Furthermore,thecampaignitselfwaslavishlyfinanced,withplentyofmoneyfortop-flightstafftravelandtelevisioncommercials.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.dubiouslyB.potentlyC.profuselyD.candidly11.單選題Itisanticipatedthatthiscontractwillsubstantiallyincreasesalesoverthenextthreeyears.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.apparentlyB.slightlyC.considerablyD.steadily12.單選題Infact,anumberofrecentdevelopmentssuggestthatnewmediamayactuallybethesalvationofoldmedia;thatonlinenewspapers,Webzines,ande-bookscouldpreserveandextendthebestaspectsoftheprintculturewhileaugmentingitwiththeirvarioustechnologicaladvantages.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.limitingB.maintainingC.distinguishingD.increasing13.翻譯題Directions:TranslatethefollowingpassageintoEnglishonyourANSWERSHEET.你可能有很高的學(xué)術(shù)才智，但缺乏社會(huì)能力，即虛心聽取意見、熱忱待人、批評(píng)與接受批評(píng)的能力。社會(huì)能力強(qiáng)的人能夠承認(rèn)自己的錯(cuò)誤，勇于承擔(dān)責(zé)任并繼續(xù)努力。他們知道如何取得集體的支持。而人際關(guān)系差的人不太善于接受批評(píng)。遇到錯(cuò)誤，首先想到的是自己，拒絕承認(rèn)自己有錯(cuò)，喜怒無(wú)常或暴跳如雷。

14.單選題Nowadays,ourgovernmentadvocatescredittowhateverwedoorwhoeverwecontactwith.Onceyou_______yourwords,youwillloseyoursocialstatusandpersonalreputation.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.keepupwithB.giveawayfromC.gobackonD.losesightof15.單選題Thenastylanguageoflocalofficialsmakesthemseemveryignorantandrude.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.artificialB.indecentC.humorousD.lively16.單選題Ifyourepeatedlyfindyourself_______oragreeingtorequestsyouarereluctanttofulfillandfeelingunhappyabout,youmightwanttolookatsomereasonswhyyousayyeswhenyouprefertosayno.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.abstainingB.acquiescingC.accommodatingD.articulating17.單選題Whentheyoungmandiedunexpectedly,ittookhealthexpertsseveralweeksofintensivelabworktoidentifytheculprit.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.curlB.curveC.causeD.curse18.單選題Silk,althoughitisconsideredadelicatefabric,isinfactverystrong,butitisadverselyaffectedbysunlight.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.softB.sheerC.fragileD.refined19.單選題Imustgonow.（）,ifyouwantthatbookI’llbringitnexttime.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.IncidentallyB.AccidentallyC.OccasionallyD.Subsequently20.單選題問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.marineproductsB.dairyproductsC.industrialproductsD.avianproducts第1卷參考答案一.綜合題1.【答案】B【解析】考查名詞辨析。penetrating“敏銳的；深刻的；透徹的”；A選項(xiàng)extensive“廣泛的；大量的；廣闊的”；B選項(xiàng)profound“徹底的；意義深遠(yuǎn)的；深刻的”；C選項(xiàng)conclusive“決定性的；最后的；確定性的”；D選項(xiàng)valuable“有價(jià)值的；貴重的；可估價(jià)的”。句意：編輯認(rèn)為作者在這篇文章中的分析很有穿透力。根據(jù)句中“theauthor’sanalysisinthisarticle作者在這篇文章中的分析”可知penetrating在這里的意思應(yīng)為“深刻的”，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。2.【答案】第1題:B第2題:D第3題:A第4題:B第5題:C【解析】第1題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由本文最后一段的最后一句話“Ashame,perhaps,butprobablyaninevitableone”（也許這是一種遺憾，但也許是不可避免的）可知，在語(yǔ)言發(fā)展過(guò)程中，正式英語(yǔ)的衰落是非常正常的，這段介紹了正式英語(yǔ)的衰落，最后一句話是對(duì)這個(gè)衰落過(guò)程的總結(jié)。A選項(xiàng)“在激進(jìn)的教育改革中是不可避免的”沒(méi)有原文依據(jù)、C選項(xiàng)“引發(fā)了反主流文化的爭(zhēng)議”、D選項(xiàng)“在20世紀(jì)60年代改變了公眾的態(tài)度”均說(shuō)法錯(cuò)誤，20世紀(jì)60年代反文化運(yùn)動(dòng)的勝利是正式英語(yǔ)衰落的原因。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。第2題:語(yǔ)義推測(cè)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“talking”定位到第一段第四句話“Butthecultoftheauthenticandthepersonal,‘doingourownthing’,hasspeltthedeathofformalspeech,writing,poetryandmusic”（但是，“做我們自己的事”這種對(duì)真實(shí)和個(gè)人的狂熱已經(jīng)宣告了正式演講、寫作、詩(shī)歌和音樂(lè)的死亡）再聯(lián)系本段最后一句話“InbothoralandwrittenEnglish,talkingistriumphingoverspeaking,spontaneityovercraft”（在英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)和書面語(yǔ)中，說(shuō)勝于演講，自發(fā)性勝于技巧）可以推測(cè)talking對(duì)應(yīng)的是非正式的意思。A選項(xiàng)“謙遜”、B選項(xiàng)“個(gè)性”、C選項(xiàng)“活力”均為干擾項(xiàng)，與語(yǔ)義不符。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。第3題:判斷推理題。由題干定位到第二段最后一句話“Heisnotarguing,asmanydo,thatwecannolongerthinkstraightbecausewedonottalkproper”（他并不像許多人那樣，認(rèn)為我們不能再正確地思考，因?yàn)槲覀冋f(shuō)話不恰當(dāng)）可知McWhorter認(rèn)為邏輯思維不一定與我們說(shuō)話的方式有關(guān)。B選項(xiàng)“黑人英語(yǔ)可能比標(biāo)準(zhǔn)英語(yǔ)更有表現(xiàn)力”說(shuō)法錯(cuò)誤，文中提到黑人這樣的非官方語(yǔ)言具有強(qiáng)大的表現(xiàn)力，但沒(méi)有與標(biāo)準(zhǔn)英語(yǔ)作比較；C選項(xiàng)“各種非標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的人類語(yǔ)言也同樣有趣”；D選項(xiàng)“在所有的變體中，標(biāo)準(zhǔn)英語(yǔ)最能傳達(dá)復(fù)雜的思想”均為干擾項(xiàng)，沒(méi)有原文依據(jù)。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。第4題:判斷推理題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“l(fā)oveofmemorizingpoetry”定位到最后一段第二句話“Mr.McWhorteracknowledgesthatformallanguageisnotstrictlynecessary,andproposesnoradicaleducationreforms—heisreallygrievingoverthelossofsomethingbeautifulmorethanuseful”（麥克沃特先生承認(rèn)正式語(yǔ)言并不是絕對(duì)必要的，也沒(méi)有提出激進(jìn)的教育改革——他實(shí)際上是在為那些美好而不是有用的東西的喪失而悲傷）可知是表示了對(duì)他們努力的欣賞，所以才會(huì)對(duì)這些事物的喪失感到悲傷。A選項(xiàng)“對(duì)他們語(yǔ)言的興趣”說(shuō)法過(guò)于表面，且文中沒(méi)有詳細(xì)描述；C選項(xiàng)“對(duì)他們記憶的欽佩”沒(méi)有原文依據(jù)；D選項(xiàng)“蔑視他們的守舊”說(shuō)法錯(cuò)誤，沒(méi)有體現(xiàn)出蔑視的感情。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。第5題:判斷推理題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“paperplates”和“china”定位到最后一段第二、三句話“Mr.McWhorteracknowledgesthatformallanguageisnotstrictlynecessary,andproposesnoradicaleducationreforms—heisreallygrievingoverthelossofsomethingbeautifulmorethanuseful.WenowtakeourEnglish‘onepaperplatesinsteadofchina’.”（麥克沃特先生承認(rèn)正式語(yǔ)言并不是絕對(duì)必要的，也沒(méi)有提出激進(jìn)的教育改革——他實(shí)際上是在為那些美好而不是有用的東西的喪失而悲傷。我們現(xiàn)在用我們的英語(yǔ)是“一個(gè)紙盤子，而不是瓷器”）可知紙盤子是功能型的，而瓷器是藝術(shù)型的，所以是功能與藝術(shù)之間的比較。A選項(xiàng)“暫時(shí)的和永久的”；B選項(xiàng)“激進(jìn)的和保守的”；D選項(xiàng)“謙虛的與高尚的”為干擾項(xiàng)，不符合語(yǔ)義。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

3.【答案】D【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)allatonce“突然”；B選項(xiàng)onceandforall“一勞永逸地；徹底地；最后一次”；C選項(xiàng)somuchas“甚至于；連……都不”；D選項(xiàng)byandlarge“大體上，總的來(lái)說(shuō)”。句意：雖然工作上的一些小事情讓我討厭，但是總的來(lái)說(shuō)它是非常令人愉快的。由題干中的“afewsmallthings一些小事情”和表示轉(zhuǎn)折的“but”可知“byandlarge總的來(lái)說(shuō)”符合語(yǔ)境，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。4.【答案】D【解析】語(yǔ)法題——考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。D選項(xiàng)這是省略whether后的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，從句用了省略should虛擬語(yǔ)氣，省略whether后，句子要倒裝，原句等于whetherhe(should）berichorpoor...，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞提前時(shí)要用從句謂語(yǔ)原形動(dòng)詞即be，排除A、C項(xiàng)；而B選項(xiàng)省略錯(cuò)誤，邏輯主語(yǔ)發(fā)生了變化。句意：不管他是窮是富，我都要嫁給他。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。5.【答案】我們將抓好節(jié)約資源和保護(hù)環(huán)境。我們將積極應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化。我們將加強(qiáng)資源節(jié)約和管理，提高資源保障能力，加強(qiáng)對(duì)耕地和環(huán)境的保護(hù)力度，加強(qiáng)生態(tài)建設(shè)以及防災(zāi)減災(zāi)體系建設(shè)，全面增強(qiáng)可持續(xù)發(fā)展能力。非化石燃料在一次能源消費(fèi)中的比例應(yīng)達(dá)到11.4%；單位GDP的能源消耗和二氧化碳排放量應(yīng)分別減少16%和17%，主要污染物排放量應(yīng)減少8%至10%，森林蓄積量應(yīng)增加6億立方米，森林覆蓋率應(yīng)增加到21.66%。我們將大幅改善水利設(shè)施；更好地推進(jìn)大江大河重要支流以及中小型河流的治理，并顯著提高農(nóng)業(yè)灌溉、水資源利用效率和抵抗洪水能力。6.【答案】C【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。plague“困擾；使苦惱；使得災(zāi)禍”；A選項(xiàng)hunt“打獵；搜索”；B選項(xiàng)follow“跟隨；遵循；追求”；C選項(xiàng)haunt“困擾，使苦惱”；D選項(xiàng)clingto“堅(jiān)持；依靠；依附”。句意：艾弗里先生一生都為壞運(yùn)氣所困擾。題干說(shuō)到“throughouthisentirelife他的整個(gè)一生”，可推測(cè)出plague在這里有“困擾”的意思，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。7.【答案】第1題:B第2題:B第3題:B第4題:C第5題:C【解析】第1題:判斷推理題。由thecontrolofchemicalandbiologicalwarfare定位到文章第一段“Thefirstreactiononehastothequestionofviableapproachestothecontrolofchemicalandbiologicalweaponsisthattherearenosuchapproaches…”，即人們對(duì)控制化學(xué)和生物武器的可行辦法問(wèn)題的第一反應(yīng)是覺(jué)得根本沒(méi)有這種辦法，并且研究生化武器的能力正擴(kuò)散到一些較小和發(fā)展中的國(guó)家。這說(shuō)明控制生化武器也許是不可能的，或者說(shuō)不能令人滿意。A選項(xiàng)“islesscostlythancontrollingothersystemsofwarfare”意為“比控制其他戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)系統(tǒng)成本更低”，原文雖將生化武器和洲際導(dǎo)彈的成本進(jìn)行對(duì)比，但這不是控制生化武器的原因，反而是一些小國(guó)開始使用生化武器的原因；B選項(xiàng)“maynotbepossibleornecessarilydesirable”意為“也許不可能或不一定是令人滿意的”，與原文相符；C選項(xiàng)“isinthehandsoftheUnitedStatesandRussia”意為“都掌握在美國(guó)和俄羅斯手中”，與原文不符，研究生化武器的能力也逐漸被一些小國(guó)掌握；D選項(xiàng)“shouldbecomeamatterofprimeimportance”意為“應(yīng)該成為頭等大事”原文沒(méi)有相關(guān)表達(dá)。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。第2題:判斷推理題。結(jié)合選項(xiàng)和題干可知，本題需逐個(gè)分析四個(gè)選項(xiàng)。A選項(xiàng)“Thehostilitiesbetweenthenationsinvolved”，意為“國(guó)家之間的敵對(duì)狀態(tài)”，原文“ThelargeandexpensiveprogramsintheUnitedStatesandRussiaareattributedtoeachother’s‘largeandexpensiveprograms’”美俄兩國(guó)將開發(fā)生化武器歸結(jié)于對(duì)方也有這些生化武器，即出于敵對(duì)目的；B選項(xiàng)“TheneedtobeabletodetectaCBattack”意為“探測(cè)到生化武器攻擊的需要”，原文并未提及；C選項(xiàng)“OtherweaponsprogramsaremorecostlythanthedevelopmentofaCBsystem”意為“其他武器項(xiàng)目比生化武器系統(tǒng)的開發(fā)成本更高”，原文“Asanarmsrace,CBWdoesnotpresentthespiralingcostsoftheICBM-ABMsystems”生化武器的成本不如洲際導(dǎo)彈的成本高，所以國(guó)家會(huì)選擇研究生化武器；D選項(xiàng)“Thecountriesinvolvedareunawareofwhattheothersaredoing”意為“所涉及的國(guó)家不知道其他國(guó)家在做什么”，原文“Noonereallyknowswhatsomeoneelsemayhavereadyforemploymentinamilitarysituation”沒(méi)有人真正知道別人在軍事形勢(shì)下準(zhǔn)備好了什么，所以自己也要研究生化武器來(lái)確保安全。由此可推測(cè)出，正是由于各國(guó)秘密研究生化武器，為別國(guó)研究生化武器提供了動(dòng)力。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。第3題:判斷推理題。由theBritishjournal定位到文章第二段最后一句“aneditorialintheBritishjournal,Nature,concluded:‘Thebalanceofterrorbetweenthegreatpowerblocs…’”，社論總結(jié)到“大國(guó)集團(tuán)之間的恐怖平衡可能不符合每個(gè)人的口味，但它可能仍然是避免戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的最佳方式”。由此可知，生化武器系統(tǒng)基本被主要的大國(guó)勢(shì)力控制了。A選項(xiàng)“encouragedandexpanded”意為“鼓勵(lì)和擴(kuò)大”，社論并沒(méi)有鼓舞生化武器的擴(kuò)大；B選項(xiàng)“conductedonlybythemajorpowers”意為“僅由主要大國(guó)控制”，符合原文；C選項(xiàng)“immediatelyhalted”意為“立即停止”，原文沒(méi)有提及；D選項(xiàng)“maintainedasitisnow”意為“維持現(xiàn)狀”，原文“maynotbetoeverybody’staste”可能不符合每個(gè)人的口味，說(shuō)明現(xiàn)狀不能令每個(gè)人滿意，所以不應(yīng)維持現(xiàn)狀。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。第4題:判斷推理題。由theUnitedStates定位到文章第一段倒數(shù)第三句“ThelargeandexpensiveprogramsintheUnitedStatesandRussiaareattributedtoeachother’s‘largeandexpensiveprograms’”美國(guó)和俄羅斯的大型和昂貴的項(xiàng)目被歸因于彼此的大型和昂貴的項(xiàng)目。由此可推測(cè)，美國(guó)研究生化武器是因?yàn)槎砹_斯也有研究。A選項(xiàng)“needforundetectableweaponry”意為“需要不可探測(cè)的武器”，原文未提及不可探測(cè)的武器；B選項(xiàng)“costlinessofthenuclearprograms”意為“核項(xiàng)目的昂貴”，原文未提及核武器的成本；C選項(xiàng)“Russia’shavingsuchaprogram”意為“俄羅斯有這樣一個(gè)計(jì)劃”，與原文相符；D選項(xiàng)“abilityofmodernresearchtodevelopthem”意為“現(xiàn)代研究發(fā)展它們的能力”，原文并未提及現(xiàn)代研究能力。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。第5題:主旨大意題。結(jié)合選項(xiàng)和題干可知，本題需逐個(gè)分析各個(gè)選項(xiàng)。A選項(xiàng)“showtheindifferenceinstoppingCBwarfareprograms”意為“對(duì)停止生化武器戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)方面表現(xiàn)出漠不關(guān)心”，與原文不符，全文第一段就已提出控制生化武器的話題；B選項(xiàng)“explainthecostofCBwarfare”意為“解釋生化武器戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的成本”，這只是原文第二段的一部分內(nèi)容，并不是原文的主旨大意；C選項(xiàng)“discussalternativestoCBwarfare”意為“討論生化武器戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的替代方案”，原文第一段提出控制生化武器的話題，然后最后一句話總結(jié)到避免生化武器戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的方法就是大國(guó)保持相對(duì)平衡，所以本文就是在討論生化武器戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的替代方案；D選項(xiàng)“makethereaderawareofthedangersofCBwarfare”意為“使讀者意識(shí)到生化武器戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的危險(xiǎn)”，原文并未舉例說(shuō)明或是提及生化武器戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的危險(xiǎn)。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

8.【答案】B【解析】考查副詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)dubiously“懷疑地；可疑地”；B選項(xiàng)virtually“事實(shí)上，幾乎”；C選項(xiàng)queerly“奇怪地；奇妙地”；D選項(xiàng)randomly“隨便地，任意地；無(wú)目的地”。句意：科學(xué)家們幾乎確信鯊魚的血中有一種抗癌物質(zhì)?！皏irtuallycertain幾乎確信”符合語(yǔ)境，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。9.【答案】Nowadays,fromlibrariesandmuseumsinBeijingtobookstores,thereareoftenculturallecturesondifferentscalesandvariedsizes.Theselectures,inpracticalterms,arerepeatedknowledgeimpartations.Intheoreticalterms,they’rethedisseminationofadvancedculture.Inthisregard,theweekendlecturesorganizedbytheMuseumofModernChineseLiteratureareundoubtedlypioneeringandexemplary.Here,manywritersandscholarsvolunteertobeenteredforopportunitiestogivelectureswhiletheaudienceishonoredwhengivenaseat.Itcanbebelievedthatmoreandmorepeopleconsciouslyintotheeducationalprograms,whichwillgreatlypromotethenationalqualityofourcitizens.10.【答案】C【解析】考查副詞辨析。橫線單詞lavishly意為“豐富地；浪費(fèi)地；大方地”；A選項(xiàng)“dubiously”意為“懷疑地；可疑地”；B選項(xiàng)“potently”意為“有說(shuō)服力地；強(qiáng)有力地；有效力地”；C選項(xiàng)“profusely”意為“豐富地；不吝惜地；大量地”；D選項(xiàng)“candidly”意為“坦白地；率直地；直率而誠(chéng)懇地”。句意：此外，競(jìng)選活動(dòng)本身得到了慷慨的資助，有足夠的錢用于一流的工作人員旅行和電視廣告。由題干可知，withplentyofmoney（有足夠的錢）說(shuō)明financed（資助）肯定是充足的，或者數(shù)量巨大的。由此可知，lavishly在此處最可能是“大方地”的意思。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。11.【答案】C【解析】考查副詞辨析。substantially“實(shí)質(zhì)上；充分地；大幅地”；A選項(xiàng)apparently“顯然地；似乎，表面上”；B選項(xiàng)slightly“些微地，輕微地”；C選項(xiàng)considerably“相當(dāng)多地；非常地”；D選項(xiàng)steadily“穩(wěn)定地；穩(wěn)固地”。句意：預(yù)計(jì)該合同將在未來(lái)三年內(nèi)大幅增加銷售額。根據(jù)句中“increasesales增加銷售額”可知substantially在這里的意思為“大幅地”，因此C選項(xiàng)相當(dāng)多地正確。12.【答案】D【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。橫線單詞augmenting意為“增加；增大”；A選項(xiàng)“l(fā)imiting”意為“限制；限定”；B選項(xiàng)“maintaining”意為“維持；繼續(xù)；維修；主張”；C選項(xiàng)“distinguishing”意為“區(qū)分；辨別”；D選項(xiàng)“increasing”意為“增加；增大；提高；增強(qiáng)”。句意：事實(shí)上，最近的一些發(fā)展表明，新媒體實(shí)際上可能是傳統(tǒng)媒體的救贖；在線報(bào)紙、網(wǎng)絡(luò)雜志和電子書可以保留和擴(kuò)展印刷文化的最好方面，同時(shí)用它們的各種技術(shù)優(yōu)勢(shì)擴(kuò)大它。由題干可知，while是連詞，意為“與此同時(shí)”，說(shuō)明while前后意思相近而不是轉(zhuǎn)折。preserveandextend（保留和擴(kuò)展）表示傳統(tǒng)印刷業(yè)將繼續(xù)擴(kuò)張。由此可知，augmenting在此處最可能是“增大”的意思。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。13.【答案】Youmayhavegreatacademictalent,butyoulacksocialskills,whichreferstotheabilitytolistentoideaswithanopenmind,cordiallytreatpeopleandacceptcriticism.Peoplewithstrongsocialskillsareabletoadmittheirmistakes,acceptresponsibilitybravely,andcontinuetoworkhard.Theyknowhowtogetcollectivesupport.Andpeoplewithpoorrelationshipsarelessreceptivetocriticism.Whentheymakemistakes,theyalwaysthinkofthemselvesfirstandrefusetoadmitthattheyarewrong,beingmoodyorfurious.14.【答案】C【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)“keepupwith”意為“趕得上；和……保持聯(lián)系”；B選項(xiàng)“giveawayfrom”沒(méi)有這個(gè)詞組；C選項(xiàng)“gobackon”意為“違背；背棄”；D選項(xiàng)“l(fā)osesightof”意為“忽略；不再看見”。句意：現(xiàn)在，我們的政府提倡無(wú)論我們做什么或與任何人交往都要講信用。一旦你食言，你就會(huì)失去你的社會(huì)地位和個(gè)人聲譽(yù)。由題干可知，loseyoursocialstatusandpersonalreputation（失去你的社會(huì)地位和個(gè)人聲譽(yù)），說(shuō)明我們沒(méi)有做到言而有信，違背了自己說(shuō)的話，別人就不再信任我們。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。15.【答案】B【解析】考查形容詞辨析。nasty“下流的；脾氣不好的；險(xiǎn)惡的”；A選項(xiàng)artificial“人造的；虛偽的；非原產(chǎn)地的”；B選項(xiàng)indecent“下流的；不禮貌的；不得體的”；C選項(xiàng)humorous“詼諧的，幽默的；滑稽的，可笑的”；D選項(xiàng)lively“活潑的；生動(dòng)的；真實(shí)的”。句意：地方官員的臟話使他們顯得非常無(wú)知和粗魯。根據(jù)句中“makesthemseemveryignorantandrude讓他們顯得非常無(wú)知且無(wú)禮”可知nasty在這里的意思為“下流的”，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。16.【答案】B【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)“abstaining”意為“（投票時(shí)）棄權(quán)；回避；自制”；B選項(xiàng)“acquiescing”意為“默許；勉強(qiáng)同意”；C選項(xiàng)“accommodating”意為“容納；使適應(yīng)；供應(yīng)；調(diào)解”；D選項(xiàng)“articulating”意為“清晰地發(fā)（音）；明確有力地表達(dá)；用關(guān)節(jié)連接；使相互連貫”。句意：如果你不斷地發(fā)現(xiàn)自己默許或同意那些你不愿去滿足或感到不開心的要求，你可能想看看為什么你在更想說(shuō)不的時(shí)候卻說(shuō)“是”的原因。由題干可知，or是并列連詞表選擇，說(shuō)明橫線處與agreeing（同意）意思相近，acquiescing有默許，勉強(qiáng)同意的意思。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。17.【答案】D【解析】考查名詞辨析。橫線單詞culprit意為“犯人，罪犯；元兇”；A選項(xiàng)“curl”意為“卷曲；卷發(fā)；螺旋狀物”；B選項(xiàng)“curve”意為“曲線；彎曲；曲線球；曲線圖表”；C選項(xiàng)“cause”意為“原因；事業(yè)；目標(biāo)”；D選項(xiàng)“curse”意為“詛咒；咒罵；禍根”。句意：當(dāng)這個(gè)年輕人意外死亡時(shí)，健康專家花了幾個(gè)星期進(jìn)行深入細(xì)致的實(shí)驗(yàn)室工作來(lái)確定罪魁禍?zhǔn)住Ｓ深}干可知，theyoungmandiedunexpectedly（這個(gè)年輕人意外死亡了）所以健康專家肯定是要確定導(dǎo)致他死亡的原因，或者說(shuō)元兇。由此可知，culprit在此處最可能是“元兇”的意思，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中curse具有“禍根”的意思，與此相近。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。18.【答案】C【解析】考查形容詞辨析。delicate“精美的；柔和的；易碎的”；A選項(xiàng)soft“柔軟的；溫柔的；軟弱的”；B選項(xiàng)sheer“絕對(duì)的；透明的；峻峭的；純粹的”；C選項(xiàng)fragile“脆的；易碎的”；D選項(xiàng)refined“精煉的；精確的；微妙的；有教養(yǎng)的”。句意：絲綢雖然被認(rèn)為是一種易碎的織物，但事實(shí)上它非常結(jié)實(shí)，但它受到陽(yáng)光的不利影響。根據(jù)句中although“盡管”和“isinfactverystrong實(shí)際上是非常結(jié)實(shí)的”可知delicate在這里的意思為“易碎的”，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。19.【答案】A【解析】考查副詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)incidentally“順便說(shuō)一句；偶然地；附帶地”；B選項(xiàng)accidentally“意外地；偶然地”；C選項(xiàng)occasionally“偶爾；間或”；D選項(xiàng)subsequently“隨后，其后；后來(lái)”。句意：我現(xiàn)在必須離開了。順便說(shuō)一句，如果你想要那本書，那么我下次將把它帶來(lái)。根據(jù)句中“Imustgonow我現(xiàn)在必須離開了”可知“順便說(shuō)一句”符合語(yǔ)境，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。20.【答案】D【解析】考查名詞辨析。橫線單詞poultry意為“家禽；家禽肉”；A選項(xiàng)“marineproducts”意為“海產(chǎn)品；水產(chǎn)及制品”；B選項(xiàng)“dairyproducts”意為“乳制品，奶制品；乳酪產(chǎn)品”；C選項(xiàng)“industrialproducts”意為“工業(yè)產(chǎn)品”；D選項(xiàng)“avianproducts”意為“禽類產(chǎn)品”。句意：據(jù)報(bào)道，美國(guó)賓夕法尼亞州最近爆發(fā)的禽流感促使中國(guó)禁止從該州進(jìn)口家禽。由題干可知，thelatestoutbreakofthebirdflu（最近爆發(fā)的禽流感）肯定和家禽相關(guān)。所以中國(guó)禁止進(jìn)口的應(yīng)該是家禽。由此可知，poultry在此處最可能是“家禽”的意思。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。第2卷一.綜合題(共20題)1.單選題Theseveranceofchurchandstateisabasicprincipleofourgovernment.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.integrationB.discriminationC.separationD.exposition2.單選題Ididn’tlistentoMomandIwasnotsurprisedatthelookof（）onherface.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.indifferenceB.complimentC.negligenceD.reproach3.單選題Icouldn’tworkoutwhyanyonewouldinventsomethingsoboring.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.drawupB.bringaboutC.putforwardD.figureout4.單選題Hisremarkswere（）annoyeverybodyatthemeeting.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.soastoB.suchastoC.suchtoD.asmuchasto5.不定項(xiàng)選擇題Itishardlynecessaryformetocitealltheevidenceofthedepressingstateofliteracy.ThesefiguresfromtheDepartmentofEducationaresufficient:27millionAmericanscannotreadatall,andafurther35millionreadatalevelthatsufficienttosurviveinoursociety.Butmyownworrytodayislessthatoftheoverwhelmingproblemofelementalliteracythanitisoftheslightlymoreluxuriousproblemofthedeclineintheskillevenofthemiddle-classreader,ofhisunwillingnesstoaffordthosespacesofsilence,thoseluxuriesofdomesticityandtimeandconcentration,thatsurroundtheimageoftheclassicactofreading.Ithasbeensuggestedthatalmost80percentofAmerica’sliterate,educatedteenagerscannolongerreadwithoutanaccompanyingnoise(music)inthebackgroundoratelevisionscreenflickeringatthecorneroftheirfieldofperception.Weknowverylittleaboutthebrainandliveitdealswithsimultaneousconflictinginput,blitzeverycommon-senseintuitionsuggestsweshouldbeprofoundlyalarmed.Thisviolationofconcentration,silence,solitudegoestotheveryheartofournotionofliteracy;thisnewformofpart-reading,ofpart-perceptionagainstbackgrounddistraction,rendersimpossiblecertainessentialactsofapprehensionandconcentration,letalonethatmostimportanttributeanyhumanbeingcanpaytoapoemorapieceofproseheorshereallyloves,whichistolearnitbyheart.Notbybrain,byheart;theexpressionisvital.Underthesecircumstances,thequestionofwhatfuturethereisfortheartsofreadingisarealone.Aheadofuslietechnical,psychic,andsocialtransformationsprobablymuchmoredramaticthanthosebroughtaboutbyGutenberg,theGermaninventorinprinting.TheGutenbergrevolution,aswenowknowit,tookalongtime,itseffectsarestillbeingdebated.Theinformationrevolutionwilltoucheveryfacetofcomposition,publication,distribution,andreading.Nooneinthebookindustrycansaywithanyconfidencewhatwillhappentothebookaswe’veknownit.1.ThepictureofthereadingabilityoftheAmericanpeople,drawnbytheauthor,is（）.2.Theauthor’sbiggestconcernis（）.3.Amajorproblemwithmostadolescentswhocanreadis（）.4.Theauthorclaimsthatthebestwayareadercanshowadmirationforapieceofpoetryorproseis（）.5.Aboutthefutureoftheartsofreadingtheauthorfeels（）.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.ratherbleakB.veryimpressiveC.fairlybrightD.quiteencouraging問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)A.elementaryschoolchildren’sdisinterestinreadingclassicsB.thesurprisinglylowrateofliteracyintheU.SC.themusicalsettingAmericanreadersrequireforreadingD.thereadingabilityandreadingbehaviorofthemiddleclass問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)A.theirfondnessofmusicandTVprogramsB.theirignoranceofvariousformsofartandliteratureC.theirlackofattentivenessandbasicunderstandingD.theirinabilitytofocusonconflictinginput問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)A.tobeabletoappreciateitandmemorizeitB.toanalyzeitsessentialfeaturesC.tothinkitoverconscientiouslyD.tomakeafairappraisalofitsartisticvalue問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)A.upsetB.alarmedC.uncertainD.pessimistic6.單選題WemetMaryandherhusbandatapartytwomonthsago.（）we’vehadnofurthercommunication.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.ThereofB.TherebyC.ThereafterD.Thereabouts7.單選題Thesecontinual（）intemperaturemakeitimpossibletodecidewhattowear.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.alterationsB.vibrationsC.wavesD.fluctuations8.單選題Heavyrainswerecausinginundationandmuchdamagethroughoutthecountry.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.muchinconvenienceB.seriousconcernC.overflowofwaterD.humanmisery9.單選題Youareexposedtoobtrusiveadsthat_______seeminglyfromnowhereevenwhenyouaredisconnectedfromtheNet,andyourpersonalinformationgatheredandsentoffwithoutyoubeingawareofit.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.sizeupB.dwindleawayC.conjureupD.popup10.單選題Therewerenotickets（）forFriday’sperformance.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.preferableB.possibleC.considerableD.available11.單選題Tomanypeople,ahusbandandwifealonedonotseemaproperfamily—theyneedchildrentoenrichthecircle,to_______familycharacterandtogathertheredemptiveinfluenceofoffspring.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.repressB.intimidateC.validateD.confine12.單選題Chinesefarmersaremostlylivingasimpleandthriftylifeasitistoday.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.miserableB.economicalC.luxuriousD.sensible13.單選題Becauseofadverseweatherconditions,thetravelersstoppedtocamp.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.localB.unfamiliarC.goodD.unfavorable14.不定項(xiàng)選擇題Scientistsarehopingtoeliminatemalaria（瘧疾）bydevelopingageneticallymodifiedmosquitothatcannottransmitthedisease.MalariahaslongtroubledthepopulationsofSouthAmerica,Africa,andAsia,wheremosquitobitesinfectupto500millionpeopleayearwiththisseriousandsometimesfatalparasiticblooddisease.Forgenerations,scientistshavebeentryingtoeliminatemalariabydevelopingnewdrugsandusingpesticide（殺蟲劑）towipeoutlocalmosquitopopulations.Butthesemeasuresaren’tworking—andsomescientist,likeGregLanzaro,saythatbecauseofdrugresistanceandpopulationchanges,malariaisactuallymoreprevalentnowthan