學必求其心得，業必貴于專精學必求其心得，業必貴于專精學必求其心得，業必貴于專精杭州市2015高考英語閱讀理解一輪練習(7)及答案【2015高考復習】閱讀理解Ifyouexhibitpositivecharacteristicssuchashonestyandhelpfulness,thechancesarethatyouwillbethoughtasagood.lookingperson，foranewstudyhasfoundthattheperception(認知）ofphysicalattractivenessisinfluencedbyaperson’spersonality.Thestudy,whichwasledbyGaryW．Lewandowski，hasfoundthatpeoplewhoexhibitnegativecharacteristics，suchasunfairnessandrudeness，appeartobelessphysicallyattractivetoobservers.Inthestudy，theparticipantsviewedphotographsofopposite。sexindividualsandratedthemforattractivenessbeforeandafterbeingprovidedwithinformationabouttheirpersonalities.Afterpersonalityinformationwasreceived，participantsalsoratedtheprobabilityofeachindividual'sbecomingafriendandadatingpartner。Informationonpersonalitywasfoundtosignificantlychangetheprobability，showingthatcognitive（認知的）processesmodify(修改)judgmentsofattractiveness。“Thinkingapersonashavingadesirablepersonalitymakesthepersonmoresuitableingeneralasacloserelationshippartnerofanykind，"saidLewandowski。Thefindingsshowthatapositivepersonalityleadstogreaterexpectationofbecomingfriends，whichleadstogreaterexpectationofbecomingromanticpartnersand，finally，tobeingviewedasmorephysicallyattractive。Thefindingsremainedconsistentregardlessofhow“attractive”theindividualwasformerlythoughttobeoroftheparticipants'currentrelationshipstatus。“Thisresearchprovidesapositiveoutcomebyremindingpeoplethatpersonalitygoesalongwaytowarddeterminingyourattractiveness；itcanevenchangepeople'simpressionsofhowgood。lookingyouare，"saidLewandowski。【語篇導讀】據最新研究表明，一個人外表的吸引力會受到他性格的影響,一個擁有積極個性的人會被認為是最有吸引力的人。20．Inthestudytheparticipantswererequiredto________.A．trytomakefriendswitheachotherB．trytoprovepositivecharactersmakepeoplemoreattractiveC．exhibitnegativecharacterssuchasunfairnessandrudenessD．rateone'sattractivenessbyphotosbeforeandafterknowingherorhispersonality答案D[事實細節題。文章第二段最后一句Inthestudy，theparticipants..。ratedthemforattractivenessbeforeandafterbeingprovidedwithinformationabouttheirpersonalities(參與者……在得知照片人物的性格的前后分別對他們的吸引力做出評估)，故選D。］21．What'stheCORRECTorderofhowcognitiveprocessesmodifyjudgmentsofattractiveness？a．findapersonwithapositivepersonalityb．viewthepersonmorephysicallyattractivec．wanttomakefriendswiththepersond．wanttobehis/herromanticpartnerA．a→c→d→b B．d→c→b→aC．c→b→a→d D．a→d→c→b答案A[事實細節題。根據文章倒數第二段apositivepersonality（a）leadstogreaterexpectationofbecomingfriends(c)(積極的性格會產生做朋友的期待)，becomingfriends，whichleadstogreaterexpectationofbecomingromanticpartners（d)（做朋友會產生成為戀愛伙伴的期待）,finally，tobeingviewedasmorephysicallyattractive（b)（最后會覺得對方更加有吸引力)，故選A。]22．WhichofthefollowingisWRONGaccordingtothepassage?A．Theresearchremindspeopletopaymoreattentiontothepersonality。B．Personalitycanchangepeople'simpressionsofone’sappearance.C．Thejudgmentofone’sattractivenessalwaysstaysunchanged。D．Positivepersonalitymayleadtomorefriends。答案C[事實細節題。根據文章第一段中的theperception(認知)ofphysicalattractivenessisinfluencedbyaperson'spersonality(一個人外表的吸引力受到他性格的影響），或最后一段中的itcanevenchangepeople'simpressionsofhowgood.lookingyouare（這甚至能夠改變一個人對你有多好看的看法）可知對一個人吸引力的判斷是會改變的，不是一成不變的（unchanged）,故C選項的說法不對,選C。］23．Thepassageiswrittenina（n)________tone。A．subjective B．objectiveC．sceptical D．negative答案B［推理判斷題。文章客觀介紹了一個實驗的結果，作者的語氣是objective（客觀的）。subjective主觀的，sceptical懷疑的，negative消極的，均不符合文章的描述.］24．Whoaretheintendedreadersofthispassage？A．Peoplewithpositivecharacteristics。B．Good。lookingpeople.C．Peoplewithnegativecharacteristics.D．Generalpeople.答案D［推理判斷題。本文是對一個實驗的客觀介紹，目標讀者就是普通群眾(generalpeople)，故選D.]閱讀理解—-—-—-—-—-—DMenhavealwaysbelievedthattheyaresmarterthanwomen。Now,astudyhasfoundthatwhilethisiscertainlytrue，menalsohavetodealwiththefactthattheyarealsomorestupidthanthefairersex.Inthestudy，scientistsmeasuredtheIQof2500brothersandsistersandtheyfoundanunevennumberofmennotonlyinthetoptwopercent,butalsointhebottomtwopercent.Thestudy'sparticipantsweretestedonscience，maths，Englishandmechanicalabilities.Thoughthereweretwiceasmanymenaswomeninthesmartestgroup,therewerealsotwiceasmanymenamongthedolts.Theaggregatescoresofmenandwomenweresimilar.Oneofthestudy'sauthors,psychologyprofessorTimothyBates,saidthatthephenomenonmaybebecausemenhavealwaysbeenexpectedtobehighachieversandwomenhavebeenrestrictedtospendmoretimetakingcareoftheirhome。"Thefemaledevelopmentalprogrammaybetiltedmoretowardsensuringsurvivalandthesafetyofthemiddleground。，"theDailyMailquotedProfessorBates,ofEdinburghTheresearchtallieswithpastresultsthatmenweremorelikelythanwomentoreceivefirstclassUniversitydegreesorthirdsandwomensecuredtheseconds。Ithasbeensaidthatmenaremorereadytotakeriskwhenitcomestoacademics。Womenhavealwaysfoundtobesteadierintheirlearning。Apaststudyhasshownthatwomenaresecuringmorefirstsandseconds，whilemenarecontinuingtoreceivemorethirds.Theargumentforthechangeisthattheincreaseofcourseworkatthecostofexamsfavorswomen’ssteadyapproach。16。Thepurposeofthepassageistotellusthat________。A.manaresmarterthenwomenB.manaremorestupidthewomenC。anewfactabouttheIQofmenandwomenhasbeenfoundD.menaremorelikelytoreceivefirstclassuniversitydegrees17AccordingtoTimothyBates,lesswomenareinthesmartestgroupbecause_________。A.theyarebornstupidB。theyhavetospendmoretimetotalecareoftheirhomethanmenC。theydon'tliketotakeriskD。theyarenotexpectedtobehighachievers18。Theunderlinedwordtallieswithintheeighthparagraphmeans________.A。agreewithB。dealwithC。goagainstD.gowith19.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat______。A。Womenaresteadierintheirlearning。B.menaremorereadytotakeriskineverythingC.womenaresecuringmorefirstsandsecondsD。womenaredoingmuchbetterinacademy20.WhichofthefollowingquestionshasNOTbeendiscussedinthepassage？A.Whyaremensmarterthanwomen？B.Whyaremenmorestupidthanwomen？C。Howdoestheresultgoalongwiththepastresearch?D。Howcanwehelpthemeninthebottom？[全解全析］ 男女在智力方面的差別。C主旨大意題。由文章第一段得知.B細節理解題。由文章第六段(womenhavebeenrestrictedtospendmoretimetakingcareoftheirhome）得知。A詞意猜測題。由文章第一段和第八段得知。D推理判斷題。由倒數第二段得知。D主旨大意題。[社會生活型閱讀理解（一）]-—-——（二)Lifeistobeenjoyed。There'snopointingivingupsomethingyouenjoyunlessyougetsomethingbackthat’sevenbetter.Whenpeopleeatmorehealthfully，exercise，quitsmoking，andmanagestressbetter,theyfindthattheyfeelsomuchbetterthatitreconstructsthereasonformakingthesechangesfromfearofdyingtojoyofliving.Thelateststudiesshowthatwhenyouexerciseandeatright：YOURBRAINreceivesmorebloodflowandoxygen,soyoubecomesmarter,thinkmoreclearly，havemoreenergy，andneedlesssleep.Twostudiesshowedthatjustwalkingforthreehoursperweekforonlythreemonthscausedsomanynewneurons（神經細胞)togrowthatitactuallyincreasedthesizeofpeople’sbrains!YOURFACEreceivesmorebloodflow，soyour_skin_glowsmoreandwrinklesless.Youlookyoungerandmoreattractive.Incontrast,anunhealthydiet，chronicemotionalstressandsmokingreducebloodflowtoyourfacesoyouagemorequickly.Smokingacceleratesagingbecausenicotinecausesyourarteries（動脈）tonarrowdown,whichdecreasesbloodflowtoyourfaceandmakesitwrinkleearlier.Thisiswhysmokerslookyearsolderthantheyreallyare.YOURGENESchange。InMay，astudywaspublishedintheProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciencesshowingthatchangingyourlifestylechangesyourgenes。YOURTELOMERES（染色體端粒）getlonger。Telomeresaretheendsofourchromosomes（染色體)thatcontrolhowlongwelive。Astelomeresbecomeshorter，thencellsagemorequickly,thusshorteningourlives。Besides，oneofthemostinterestingfindingsinthestudywasthatthemothers'awarenessofstresswasmoreimportantthanwhatwasreallyoccurringintheirlives。Theresearchersgavethewomenaquestionnaireandaskedthemtorateonathreepointscalehowstressedtheyfelteachday,andhowoutofcontroltheirlivesfelttothem。Thewomenwhowereawarethattheywereunderheavystresshadsignificantlyshortenedanddamagedtelomerescomparedwiththosewhofeltmorerelaxed.Onthecontrary,someofthewomenwhofeltrelaxeddespiteraisingadisabledchildhadmorenormalappearingtelomeres.Inotherwords,ifyoufeelstressed，youarestressed；ifyoufeelfine，youarefine。1．Whichofthefollowingaregoodforlengtheningone'slife，accordingtothepassage?①eathealthyfood②drinkplentyofwater③takeexercise④getupearly⑤gotosleepearly⑥releaseone’sstressA．①③⑥B．①②③C．①⑤⑥D．③④⑥2．Theunderlinedwords“yourskinglows”inParagraph3areclosestinmeaningto“________"．A．yourskinbecomeswhiteasthereisplentyofsunshineB．yourskinbecomessmoothasthereismuchbloodinitC．yourskinlookspinkasyouarehealthyD．yourskinbecomessoftasyouexerciseenough3．Intheauthor’sopinion,whenyouexerciseandeatright,youwillexperiencesomechangesEXCEPT________．A．brainsbecomingclevererB．faceshavingfewerwrinklesC．arteriesturningnarrowerD．genesbeingchanged4．Fromthelastbutoneparagraphwelearnthat________．A．motherswillhavemoredamagedtelomeresiftheyraiseadisabledchildB．mothersdon'tknowhowtohandlestresseffectivelyC．somewomenwereaskedtofilloutaquestionnaireabouteducatingchildrenD．mothers'positiveattitudesarethekeytomanagingtheirstress5．Thebesttitleforthepassagewouldbe“________”．A．Eatbetter，livebetterB．Feelbetter，livelongerC．Lessstress，fewerdiseasesD．Smokemore,agesooner(二)【要點綜述】本文是一篇調查報告,講述了生活方式對健康的重要性。1．A細節理解題。根據文章第一段“Whenpeopleeatmorehealthfully，exercise，quitsmoking，andmanagestressbetter…”可知答案。2．C詞義猜測題.根據前文信息“YOURFACEreceivesmorebloodflow…"可知,glow在文中的意思為“臉色紅潤”。故選擇C項。3．C推理判斷題。根據文章第三段“Smokingacceleratesagingbecausenicotinecausesyourarteries（動脈）tonarrowdown…”可知，尼古丁使動脈變窄。故C項錯誤.4．D推理判斷題。根據文章倒數第二段第一句話以及后面的調查結果可知，母親們對壓力的態度對成功應付壓力起著重要的作用。故D項正確。5．B主旨大意題。綜合文章第二至五段可以看出，當心情好時,新的神經細胞不斷生長、動脈變寬、基因改變、染色體端粒變長,因此人的壽命也會相應地變長,所以選擇B,其他選項都是片面的。［社會生活型閱讀理解(一)]--—-—(三)Weallknowwhatitisliketobeunabletoturnyourheadbecauseofacoldinthemuscles（肌肉）ofyourneck,orbecauseanunexpectedtwist(扭曲)hasmadeyourneckache。Theslightestmovemakesyoujumpwithpain.Nothingcouldbeworsethanapainintheneck。Thatiswhyweusethephrasetodescribesomepeoplewhogiveyouthesamefeeling.Wehaveallmetsuchpeople.Oneisthemanwhoalwaysseemstobeclappinghishands—oftenatthewrongtime—duringaperformanceinthetheatre。Hekeepsyoufromhearingtheactors。Evenworsearethosewhocanneverarrivebeforethecurtaingoesupandtheplaybegins.Theycomehurryingdowntoyourrowofseats。Youarecomfortablysettleddown,withyourhatandheavycoatinyourlap。Youmuststanduptoletthempass。Youareproudofyourselfcontrolaftertheyhavesettledintotheirseats…Well,whatnow…God,oneofthemisupagain.Heforgottogotothemen'sroom，andoncemoreyouhavetostandup，hangingontoyourhatandcoattolethimpass.Now,thatis“a_pain_in_the_neck”．Another，wellknowntousall,isthepersonsittingbehindyouinthemovies.Hismouthisfullofpopcorn（爆米花);heischewing（嚼）loudly,ortalkingbetweenbitestofriendsnexttohim.Noneofthemremainstill。Upanddown，backandforth，theygo—foranotherbagofpopcorn,orsomethingtodrink.Then，thereisthemansittingnexttoyouatlunch,smoking.Hewantsyoutoenjoyittoo,andblowssmokeacrossyourfoodintoyourmouth.Wemustnotforgetthemanwhocomesintoabusorsubwayandsitsdownnexttoyou，justascloseasyouwilllethim.Youarereadingthenewspaperandhegetsclosersothathecanreadthepaperwithyou。Hemayeventurnthepapertothenextpagebeforeyouarereadyforit.Wealsocallsuchapersona“rubberneck”，alwaysgettingclosetowhereitdoesnotbelong，likeneighbourswhowatchallyourvisitors。Theyenjoylearningaboutyourpersonalbusiness.Peoplehaveastrongdislikefor“rubbernecks”.Theyhatebeingwatchedsecretly.1.Wherecanyoufindthispassage？A.Inamedicinedictionary.B。Inakids'storybook.C。Inasocialsciencebook。D.Inasciencetextbook。2.According