精品文檔精品文檔。PAGE。PAGE1歡迎下載初中英語語法中考精品總復習教案—虛擬語氣事實，或與事實相反。虛擬語氣在條件句中應用比較多。條件句可分為兩類，一類為真實條件句，一類為非真實條件句。非真實條件句表示的是假設的或實際可能性不大的情況，故采用虛擬語氣。真實條件句用于陳述語氣，假設的情況有可能發生。各種結構參見下表：條件從句條件從句主句shall/will+動詞原形句型一般現在時祈使句情態動詞一般現在時例如：Ifhecomes,hewillbringhisviolin. 如果他來，會帶小提琴的。典型例題Thevolleyballmatchwillbeputoffifit .willrain B.rains Crained D.is答案。真實條件句主句為將來時，從句用一般現在時。注意：在真實條件句中，主句不能用 begoingto 表示將來，該用shall,will.（錯）Ifyouleavenow,youarenevergoingtoregretit.（對）Ifyouleavenow,youwillneverregretit.表示真理時，主句謂語動詞不用 shall （will ）+動詞原形，而直接用般現在時的動詞形式。非真實條件句推移。與現在事實相反的假設條件從句 主句（bewere）

should（would）等+動詞原形例如：Iftheywerehere,theywouldhelpyou. 如果他們在這兒，幫助你的。含義：Theyet,theycan tpyou.與過去事實相反的假設條件從句 主句過去完成時 should（would）等+have+過去分詞例如：If hehadcomeyesterday, Ishould/wouldhavetold himaboutit. 如果他昨天來的話，我會把這件事告訴他的。含義：Hedidnotcomeyesterday, soIdidnottell himaboutit.

表示對將來不大可能發生的事情的假條件從句 主句一般過去時were+不定式should+

should/would 等+ 動詞原形例如：Ifyousucceeded,everythingwouldbeallright. 如果你來成功了，一切都會好的。Ifyoushouldsucceed,everythingwouldbeallright.Ifyouweretosucceed,everythingwouldbeallright.含義：Youarenotlikelytosucceed,everythingwillbewhatitisnow.混合條件句有時，主句與從句的動作發生在不同的時間， 主句從句謂語動詞的虛擬語氣形因時間不同而不同，這種條件句叫做混合條件句。例如：Ifyouhadaskedhimyesterday,youwouldknowwhattodonow. 果你昨天問過他，今天就知道做什么了。（從句與過去事實相反，主句與現在事實相反。 ）If it hadrained last night（過去）,it wouldbeverycoldtoday （在）.如果昨晚下過雨，今天就會很冷了。虛擬條件句的倒裝虛擬條件句的從句部分含有were,should, 或had時, 可省略if再把should或had移到從句的句首，實行倒裝。例如：Weretheyherenow,theycouldhelpus.=Iftheywereherenow,theycouldhelpus. 他們現在在的話，就會幫助我們了。Hadyoucomeearlier, youwouldhavemethim.=If youhadcomeearlier,youwouldhavemethim. 你來得早一點，就碰到他了。Should it rain, thecropswouldbesaved.=Wereit torain, thewouldbesaved. 假如下雨，莊稼就有救了。注意：在虛擬語氣的從句中，動詞'be'的過去時態一律用"were"，不用was，即在從句中be用were代替。例如：IfIwereyou,Iwouldgotolookforhim. 如果我是你，就會去找他。Ifhewerehere,everythingwouldbeallright. 切都會好的。典型例題 todothework,Ishoulddoitsomeotherday.IfwereI B.Iwere C.WereI D.WasI答案C.在虛擬條件狀語中如果有were,should,had 這三個詞，通常將if 略，主語提前, 變成were, should, had主語的形式。但要注意，在虛擬條件狀語從句中，省略連詞的倒裝形式的句首不能用動詞的縮略形式。如我們可說WereInottodo, 而不能說Weren'tItodo 。特殊的虛擬語氣詞在主語從句中的應用可用的詞有三類suggested,ordered,required,proposed,Itdemanded,requested,insisted等isthatimportant,necessary,natural,imperative,（可用的詞有三類suggested,ordered,required,proposed,Itdemanded,requested,insisted等isthatimportant,necessary,natural,imperative,（should）dostrange 等apity,ashame,nowonder等在賓語從句中的應用在表示命令、建議要求等一類動詞后面的從句中，像order, suggest, propose,require,demand,request,insist,command,insist+ （should）do等例如：Isuggestthatwe （should）holdameetingnextweek. 周召開個會議。He insisted that he（should ）besentthere.他要求被派到那兒去。注意：如suggest,insist 不表示"建議" 或"堅持要某人做某事時"，它們用于其本意"暗示、表明"、"堅持認為"時，賓語從句用陳述語氣。判斷改錯： （錯）Youpalefacesuggeststhat ）beill.（對）Yourpalefacesuggeststhatyouareill.（錯）Iinsistedthatyou （should）bewrong.（對）Iinsistedthatyouwerewrong.在表語從句，同位語從句中的應用suggestion,proposal,idea,planorderadvice 同位語從句中要用虛擬語氣，即（should）+動詞原形。例如：Myasthat （shouldtmoreetodtheconference.我的想法是讓更多的人來參加會議。Imakeaproposalthatwe （should）holdameetingnextweek. 了個建議，下周我們開個會。wish 的用法wish望。其賓語從句的動詞形式為：從句動作先于主句動詞（bewere）從句動作與主句動作同時發生（had+過去分詞）將來不大可能實現的愿望

主句 從句現在時 過去時過去時 過去完成時將來時 would/could+ 動詞原形例如：IwishIwereastallasyou. 我希望和你一樣高。Hewishedhehadn'tsaidthat. 他希望他沒講過那樣的話。Iwishitwouldraintomorrow. 我希望明天下雨就好了。wishtodo ；wishsb/sthtodo 。例如：Iwishtoseethemanager.=Iwanttoseethemanager. 見經理。Iwishthemanagertobeinformedatonce. （=Iwantthemanagertobeinformedatonce. ）我希望經理能馬上得到消息。比較ifonly 與onlyifonlyif 表示"只有"；ifonly 則表示"如果??就好了"。Ifonly 也可于陳述語氣。例如：Iwakeuponlyifthealarmclockrings. 只有鬧鐘響了，我才會醒。Ifonlythealarmclockhadrung. 當時鬧鐘響就好了。Ifonlyhecomesearly. 但愿他早點回來。Itis （high）timethatItis （high）timethat 后面的從句謂語動詞要用過去式或用 should動詞原形，但should不可省略。例如：Itistimethatthechildrenwenttobed. 孩子們該睡覺了。Itishightimethatthechildrenshouldgotobed.need"不必做和"didn'tneedtodo表示過去不必做某事,事實上也沒做。needn'thavedoneJohnwenttothe表示過去不必做某事station with thecar,to但事實上做了。例如：meetMary,soshedidn'tneedtowalkbackhome.約翰開車去車站接瑪麗，所以她不必步行回家了。JohnwenttothestationwiththecartomeetMary,sosheneedn'thavewalkedbackhome.約翰開車去車站接瑪麗，所以她本不必步行回家了。 （Mary步行回家了，沒有遇上John典型例題Therewasplentyoftime.She .mustn'thavehurried B.couldn'thavehurried C.musthurry D.needn'thavehurried答案。needn'thavedone. 意為"本不必"，即已經做了某事，而時實上不必要。Mustn'thavedone 用法不正確，對過去發生的事情進行否定性推斷應為couldn'thavedone," 不可能已經"。mustnotdo 不可以（用于一般在時。虛擬語氣專練 enjoyed the movie very much. I wish I from which it was made.

the bookhave readB. had read C. should have read D. are dingYou are late. If you him.

a few minutes earlier youcome ,would meet B. had come, would have metC. come, will meet D. had come, would meetThe two students talked as if they friends foryears. A. should be B. would be C. been D. had beenIt is important that I with Mr. Williams immediately. A. speak B. spoke C. will speak D. speakHe looked as if he ill for a long time.A. was B. were C. has been D. had beenIf the doctor had come earlier the poor child would not .have laid there for two hourshave been lied there for two hourshave lied there for two hourshave lain there for two hours7.I wish that I with you last night.A. went B. could g