WorkbookUnit4AdversityandCourageUsingWordsandExpressions1Comebinethesuffixeswiththewordstoformnewwords.Inpairs,thinkofmorewordsformedwiththesesuffixesanddrawamindmap.resolution,resolvable(可分解的),resoluteness(堅(jiān)定)exhibition,exhibitorreality,realness(真實(shí)性)

tolerance,tolerable,toleration(寬容，忍受)selfish,selflessvigorous(充滿活力的)assignmentsailor2Thinkofawordthatbestfitseachdefinition.1largeobjectssuchastables,chairs,andbeds2theshort,loudsoundmadebydogsorotheranimals3feelingorshowingalotofinterestorexcitementaboutsth.4moneyyouearnthatispaideveryweek/month5thesonofyourbrotherorsister6ofgoodenoughstandardor

quality;respectable7anevent,asituation,oraperiodoftimeinone’slife_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

furniturebarkenthusiasticwagenephewdecentepisodeThestrikersareholdingoutfora5%wageincrease.Idon’tunderstandwhathishiddenmotiveis.Thereisnoentrydiaryinhisbookforthatday.Hehadhithisfatherwithabaseballbatwhenhewas7.Productqualityisthecorporateimageandbrandeffectandscalebasis.Thegroundwascoveredbyathickblanketofsnow.Hewastoldtopackupallofhislettersandpersonalbelongings.4TranslatethesentencesintoEnglish,usingthewordsandphrasesinbrackets.1在我看來，沙克爾頓不僅是一位稱職的探險(xiǎn)家，還是一位了不起的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者。(qualified)2即使當(dāng)他命令船員棄船時(shí)，也不曾流露出沮喪的情緒。(crew,abandon)3在他的指導(dǎo)下，船員們服從紀(jì)律，忙碌卻不慌亂。(guidance)4他鼓勵(lì)船員們參與各種娛樂和慶祝活動(dòng)，因?yàn)樗J(rèn)為這些活動(dòng)能使他們精神振作起來。(recreation,keepone’sspiritsup)5他知道，長時(shí)間在波濤洶涌的海上漂泊和在令人痛苦的環(huán)境下生活，每個(gè)人都急切地想要返回家鄉(xiāng)。(rough,miserable)6他決心要將所有船員安全地帶回祖國，這也是他對(duì)船員們的真切關(guān)懷。(resolution,

genuine)Inmyopinion,Shackletonisnotonlya

qualified

explorerbutalsoanoutstandingleader.Evenwhenhehadtoorderthecrewtoabandontheship,hedidnotseeminlowspirits.Underhisguidance,thecrewkeptgooddiscipline,keepingbusyandavoidingpanic.Heencouragedhiscrewtoattendallkindsofrecreationsandcelebrationsbecausehethoughtitwouldkeeptheirspiritsup.Heknewthateveryonewouldbeeagertoreturnhomeaftersuchalongtimeontheroughseaandlivingamiserablelife.Outofagenuineconcernforhiscrewmembers,hemadearesolutiontobringthemallbacktothehomeland.thought/havethought/havebeenthinkinghavetried/havebeentryinghaven’treceivedhaveused/havebeenusingwasdelayed/hasbeendelayedHavebeenwaiting(for)Haveironedisgiving/hasbeengivinghaveseen

calledis/hasdoing/beendoingisdoing/hasbeendoinghaveplayed/beenplaying

havefound

haveplayed/beenplaying

waslooking/havebeenlooking

foundwastakenenteredActivity3---SampleWritingDearCarol,Iwouldliketoapplytobeacyclingpartner.IthinkIamagoodcandidateforyourtrip,becauseIamnotonlyveryinterestedinphotographyandwritingbutalsocyclingandtravel.IhavebeenpractisingphotographysinceIwasyoung.Ialsohavetwoyears’experienceworkinginacycleshop,whichhastaughtmedisciplineandpositivity.I’mlookingforwardtohearingfromyou.Yours,LiHuaListeningandSpeakingIovercamethatchallengebyfocusingonahealthydietandlifestyleandapositivestateofmind.Yes,Ihavehadchallengeswithmyhealth.Iagreethatdealingwithadversitymakesusstrongerandbetterbecauseifweneverhadtodealwithproblemsandchallenges,wewouldbeweakandneverlearnanything.ReadthepassageaboutafamouspersoninancientChinaandfindoutwhatadversityhefaced.ReadingandWritingTobethefirsttofeelconcernforthetroublesoftheworld,andthelasttoenjoyitspleasure.先天下之憂而憂，后天下之樂而樂。

岳陽樓記

[宋]范仲淹

慶歷四年春，滕子京謫守巴陵郡。越明年，政通人和，百廢具興。乃重修岳陽樓，增其舊制，刻唐賢今人詩賦于其上。屬予作文以記之。

予觀夫巴陵勝狀，在洞庭一湖。銜遠(yuǎn)山，吞長江，浩浩湯湯，橫無際涯；朝暉夕陰，氣象萬千。此則岳陽樓之大觀也，前人之述備矣。然則北通巫峽，南極瀟湘，遷客騷人，多會(huì)于此，覽物之情，得無異乎？

若夫淫雨霏霏，連月不開，陰風(fēng)怒號(hào)，濁浪排空；日星隱曜，山岳潛形；商旅不行，檣傾楫摧；薄暮冥冥，虎嘯猿啼。登斯樓也，則有去國懷鄉(xiāng)，憂讒畏譏，滿目蕭然，感極而悲者矣。

至若春和景明，波瀾不驚，上下天光，一碧萬頃；沙鷗翔集，錦鱗游泳；岸芷汀蘭，郁郁青青。而或長煙一空，皓月千里，浮光躍金，靜影沉璧，漁歌互答，此樂何極！登斯樓也，則有心曠神怡，寵辱偕忘，把酒臨風(fēng)，其喜洋洋者矣。

嗟夫！予嘗求古仁人之心，或異二者之為，何哉？不以物喜，不以己悲；居廟堂之高則憂其民；處江湖之遠(yuǎn)則憂其君。是進(jìn)亦憂，退亦憂。然則何時(shí)而樂耶？其必曰“先天下之憂而憂，后天下之樂而樂”乎。噫！微斯人，吾誰與歸？

時(shí)六年九月十五日。______Fanretiredandboughtafarm______FanwrotetheessayMemorialtoYueyangTower______Fanwasdemoted.______Fanpasstheimperialexamination______Fan’sfatherdied______FanbuiltaseawallinTaizhou______Fanhelpedbuildupthecountry’sdefenses______Fanwasonlyabletoeatoneservingofporridgeaday______Fantriedtoinstitutegovernmentreforms______Fanbecameagovernmentofficial2Readthepassageandputtheeventsinthecorrectorder.10983124567Tobethefirsttofeelconcernforthetroublesoftheworld,andthelasttoenjoyitspleasure.3Readthepassageagainandanswerthequestions.1.Whatdopeopleexpectanhonestgovernmentofficialtoliveby?3.Whatdidheexpressinthisfamousproverb?Heexpressedthepossibilityoffindinggovernmentofficialswhowouldputmeetingtheneedsofpeopleabovetheirownwelfare.2.WhydidmanybureaucratsopposeFan’sreforms?TheyopposedFan’sreformbecausetheywantedtopreservetheirownpower.4.HowdidFanusehisfarmtohelpothers?Fanhelpedlocalpeoplebylettingthemworkonhisfarm.Thefarm’sprofitswerealsousedtopayfortheeducationofpoorpeople.5.Intheopinionoftheauthor,whatwasrefreshingaboutFan’slife?Hedidn’tjustspeakwisewordsbutlivedthemalso.Groupdiscussion1HowwasFanagoodexampleofsaying?2InwhatwayscanyouputFan’ssayingintopractice?4Ingroups,discussthefollowingquestions.Fanwasagoodexampleofthesayingbecause,evenwhenhewasyoung,heputseekinghisownpleasurebehindhisduties.WecanputFan’ssayingintopracticebynotbeingselfishandbynotputtingourowndesiresfirst.Weshouldunderstandwhatourdutiesare,whetherinourfamilyorinourschool,work,orsociety,andmakethesethepriorityinanydecisionwemake.Whatadversitydidheface?Whenhewasjustoneortwoyearsold,…Inthewinter…Fanthentriedto…,knownas…However,…,andso…and…Whatachievementsdidhemake?Whileserved……andsohe…Servingwithdistinction…Afterfanretired,…HowdidtheauthorevaluateFan?Itisrefreshingthat…5Haveyouevermetorheardofsomeonewhoperseveredandovercameadversityinhis/herlife?Writeastoryaboutthisperson.Yourstoryshouldincludethefollowing:SamplePurpose

Provideextensivereadingmaterialandbroadenthehorizonsofstudentsbyexposingthemtoothercountriesorcultures.Throughthis,theycanreflectupontheirownexperiencesandlives.CulturalNote

ErnestHemingway(1899-1961)wasanAmericanjournalist,writer,andsportsman.Afterhighschool,hewasajournalistbeforeenlistingasanambulancedriverintheFirstWorldWar.Hewasseriouslywoundedandreturnedhomein1918.Hisexperiencesofwarformedhisnovel,AFarewelltoArms(1929).Hisfirstnovel,TheSunAlsoRises,waspublishedin1926.HewaslaterajournalistduringtheSpanishCivilWar,writingForWhomtheBellTollsbasedonhisexperience.

TheOldManandtheSeawaspublishedin1952.HemingwaywonthePulitzerPrizeforFictionforitin1953,andalsowontheNobelPrizeinLiteraturein1954.HisworksareconsideredclassicofAmericanliterature.ExpandingYourWorldANEXCERPTFROMTHEOLDMANANDTHESEA(adapted)

Bloodattractedthesharkfromdeepdowninthesea.Suddenly,hewasontopofthebluewater,shininginthesun.Thenhefellbackintotheseaandstartedswimminginthedirectionoftheskiffandthefish.

Sometimeshelostthescentofthefish.Butwhenhepickeditupagain,heswamhardinthatdirection.HewasabigMakosharkwhoswamasfastasthefastestfishinthesea,andeverythingabouthimwasbeautiful,excepthisjaws.Hisbackwasbluelikeaswordfish,hisbellywassilver,andhisthickskinwassmoothandhandsome.Helookedlikeaswordfishexceptforhishugejaws.Justunderthesurfaceyoucouldseehisfinmovingquicklythroughthewater.Insidehisjawsallofhisteethwereshapedlikeclaws.Theywerelongandsharponbothsides.Thesharkissofastandstrongthatheiskingofthesea.Nowhesmelledafreshscentandswamquicklythroughthewater.

血把鯊魚從深海里吸引了過來。突然，他站在藍(lán)色的水面上，在陽光下閃閃發(fā)光。然后他掉回海里，朝著小船和魚的方向游去。

有時(shí)他失去了魚的氣味。但當(dāng)他再次撿起它時(shí)，他朝那個(gè)方向努力游去。他是一條大鯊魚，游得和海里最快的魚一樣快，除了他的下巴，他身上的一切都很美。他的背部是藍(lán)色的，像一條劍魚，他的肚子是銀色的，他厚厚的皮膚很光滑、美觀。他看起來像一條劍魚，除了他巨大的下巴。就在水面下，你可以看到它的鰭在水中快速移動(dòng)。在他的下巴里，所有的牙齒都像爪子一樣。它們兩邊都是又長又尖的。這條鯊魚又快又壯，他是海洋之王。現(xiàn)在他聞到了一股新鮮的氣味，快速地游過水面。《老人與海》節(jié)選(改編)

當(dāng)老人看到他過來時(shí)，他知道這條鯊魚并不害怕。鯊魚靠近時(shí)，他準(zhǔn)備了魚叉和一些繩子。繩子很短，因?yàn)樗郧盀榱私壸◆~已經(jīng)割了一些。

老人現(xiàn)在頭腦清醒，他準(zhǔn)備好了，但是他不抱希望。我贏不了，他想。他看著那條大魚越來越近。這可能是一個(gè)夢(mèng)，他想。我不能阻止他打我，但也許我可以得到他。

老人看見鯊魚張開嘴，咬了一口魚尾巴上方的魚。鯊魚的頭部和背部都浮出水面，當(dāng)老人把魚叉放在鯊魚頭部的兩眼之間時(shí)，他能聽到皮肉撕裂的聲音。那是大腦的位置，老人用盡全力擊中了它。盡管如此，他擔(dān)心這一切還沒有結(jié)束，情況可能還會(huì)變得更糟。

鯊魚一次又一次地翻身，把自己裹在繩子里。老人知道自己死了，但鯊魚不肯接受。然后，在他的背上，他的尾巴拍打和他的下巴咔咔作響，鯊魚犁過水面。繩子斷了的時(shí)候，他身體的四分之三都露出了水面。鯊魚靜靜地在水面上躺了一會(huì)兒，老人注視著它。然后他慢慢地潛下去了。“Hetookaboutfortypounds,”theoldmansaidaloud.Hetookmyharpoontooandalltherope,hethought.Andnowmyfishbleedsagainandtherewillbeothersharkssoon.

Hedidnotwanttolookatthedamagedfishanymore.Whenthefishhadbeenhit,itfeltlikehewashit.

ButIkilledthesharkthathitmyfish,hethought.AndhewasthebiggestonethatIhaveeverseen.AndGodknowsthatIhaveseenbigones.

IknewIcouldnotcatchtheshark,hethought.IwishithadbeenadreamnowandthatIhadnevercaughtthefishandwasaloneinbedreadingnewspapers.“Butmanisnotmadefordefeat,”hesaid.“Amancanbedestroyedbutnotdefeated.”Iam

sorrythatIkilledthefishthough,hethought.NowIdonotevenhaveaharpoontoprotect

myself.Thesharkiscruel,strong,andintelligent.ButIwasmoreintelligentthanhewas.

Perhapsnot,hethought.PerhapsIonlyhadabetterweapon.

“Don’tthink,oldman,”hesaidaloud.“It