EUSocialAssistancePolicyFrameworkMrTomásBurgos,SecretaryofState,MinistryofEmploymentandSocialSecurity,Spain2015EU-ChinaHighLevelForumonSocialProtectionReform

ChallengesforLegalFrameworkofSocialAssistanceBeijing,September15th-16th,2015歐盟社會救助政策框架托馬斯·

布爾果斯西班牙就業和社會保障部國務秘書2015年中歐社會保障改革高級別會議社會救助法治化進程中的問題與挑戰2015年9月15-16日北京MinistryEmployment

andSocialSecurityInstitute

ElderlyandSocialServices3SocialSecuritySystem

Contributory

benefits(Retirement

Pensions,invalidity

benefits,maternity,etc):Art.41CEMEYSSSocialAssistance:Noncontributory

disability

pensionsNoncontributory

retirement

pensionsIMSERSOMSSSIandAutonomousCommunitiesSpanishSocialProtectionSAAD(System

for

Autonomyandthe

careofDependency)ACT39/2006.Other

servicesandEconomic

benefits(Residential

care,child

protection,Minimun

integration

income,aids

for

victimsofdomestic

violence)就業和社會保障部老年人與社會服務研究中心4社會保障制度繳費型福利（退休金、傷殘津貼和生育險等）：西班牙憲法第41條MEYSS社會救助：非繳費型傷殘撫恤金非繳費型退休金IMSERSO衛生、社會服務和平等部（MSSSI）

和自治區西班牙社會保障第39/2006號《提高對依賴他人生活人士的關愛并提高其個人自主能力法》（SAAD）其他服務和經濟福利（居家護理、兒童保護、最低社會融合收入和家庭暴力受害者援助）5MODALITIESBENEFITSAPPLICATIONFIELDFINANCINGBASIC

NONCONTRIBUTORYNoncontributorypensions*HealthcareFamilybenefitsSocialservices*EmploymentpromotionAllresidentswhohaven’tenoughresourcesTaxfinancedbyStateallocationstotheSocialSecuritybudgetb)CONTRIBUTORYANDPROFESSIONALPensions(incomereplacement,proportionaltowages)withguaranteedminimumamountsOthereconomicbenefits(Temporaryincapacity,Maternity,Riskduringpregnancy,Unemployment,etc.)AccidentsatworkandoccupationaldiseasesMandatoryforallemployeesorself-employed,withminimumanmaximumamountsforbenefitsandcontributionsWithcontributionsofemployersandemployees,withtaxfinancedforminimumpensionsupplementsWithsocialcontributionsandsomeStateallocationstosomeoftheunemploymentbenefitsPublicSpanishSocialSecuritySystem6模式福利適用范圍融資渠道非繳費型基本福利非繳費型養老金*醫療保健家庭福利社會服務*就業促進沒有足夠資源的所有居民由國家稅收收入撥款至社會保障預算b)繳費型專項福利最低保障金額養老金（與工資成比例的替代收入）其他經濟福利（暫時無行為能力補貼、生育險、孕期風險補貼和失業金等）工傷和職業疾病險是所有受雇人員或自由職業者的法定福利，按最低福利比例征繳由雇主和雇員共同繳納，最低補充養老保險從稅收收入中支出社會性繳款，且國家補助一部分失業金西班牙公共社會保障制度ThefundamentalobjectivesoftheSocialServiceare:ToguaranteecoverageofsocialneedsTopreventsocialmarginationToencouragesocialinclusionofindividualsandgroupsindailylifeToguaranteetheequalityandpreventthesocialexclusionAchievegreatersocialwelfareandimprovingthelivingconditionsofthewholepopulationSpanishPublicSocialServiceSystem7社會服務的基本目標是：確保滿足社會需求防止社會邊緣化的發生鼓勵個人和群體在日常生活中融入社會保證平等，防止社會排斥實現更多的社會福利，提高全民的生活水平西班牙公共社會服務制度8AreaofapplicationGeneralpopulation(Basicsocialservices)Thefollowingsectorswillbeobjectofspecificattention:Family,childhoodandyouth,elderly,women,peoplewithdisabilities,reclusesandex-recluses,drugaddicts,ethnicminorities,homeless,immigrantsandothersinsituationofneedormargination.Thesocialservicesystemensurescarethroughouttheterritory9適用范圍一般人群（基本社會服務）下列人群為特別關注對象：家庭成員、兒童、青少年、老人、婦女、殘疾人、隱居者和曾經的隱居者、癮君子、流離失所的人、移民和需要幫助的或被邊緣化的其他人社會服務體系能確保顧及到整片地區的所有人。10FinancingsystemTheautonomouscommunitiesareresponsibleforitsfunding.TheCentralgovernment,throughthe“ConcertedPlan”,establishedin1988,supportstheAutonomousCommunitiesbothfinanciallyandtechnicallytoensurethebasicprovisionofsocialservicesthroughoutthecountry.Thestate,autonomouscommunitiesandlocalcorporationsareinvolved.11融資體系自治區負責籌資。中央政府通過1988年制定的“一致行動計劃”從經濟和技術方面支持自治區，確保在全國范圍內提供基本的社會服務。國家、自治區和當地企業共同參與其中。12ProvisionofServicesInformation,guidanceandassessmentPersonalautonomy,carehomeFamilysupportandchildprotectionResidentialcarePreventionandsocialinclusionLegalprotectionReferenceCatalogSocialServicesEconomicbenefitsForpeoplewithoutsufficientresourcestomeetbasicneedsMinimumintegrationincomeAidsforvictimsofdomesticviolencePeopleinsituationsofdependencyOtherbenefits:socialemergencyfostercare,mobilityandremovebarriers13提供的服務信息、指導和評估個人自主性和養老院家庭支持和兒童保護家庭護理預防和社會包容法律保護參考目錄社會服務經濟福利使沒有足夠資源的人滿足基本需求最低社會融合收入向家庭暴力受害者提供援助為依賴他人生存的人提供服務其他福利：社會緊急寄養照顧、出行和消除障礙服務14IsaSocialSecurityManagementEntitythroughwhichtheSpanishGovernmentdefinespoliciesfortheelderlyandforpeopleinsituationofdependency.Actually,attachedtotheMinistryofHealth,SocialServicesandEquality(MSSSI).SocialAssistancePolicyFramework:IMSERSO15老年人與社會服務研究中心是一所社會保障管理機構。通過該機構，西班牙政府為老年人和依賴他人生存的人制定政策。事實上，該機構隸屬于衛生、社會服務和平等部（MSSSI）。社會救助政策框架：老年人與社會服務研究中心（IMSERSO）16IMSERSOdealswith:Non-contributions-baseddisabilitypension,forcitizensinasituationofdisability.Non-contributions-basedretirementpension,forthoseaged65andoverandinasituationofneed.Non-contributions-basedSocialSecuritypensionsSocialAssistancePolicyFramework:IMSERSO17老年人與社會服務研究中心負責處理：殘疾人的非繳費型傷殘撫恤金。需要幫助的65歲及以上人士的非繳費型退休金。非繳費型社會保障養老金社會救助政策框架：老年人與社會服務研究中心（IMSERSO）18SAAD(SystemforAutonomyandtheCareofDependency)CoordinatedandcooperativeactionbyNationalGovernmentandtheAutonomousRegions.RegulatedbyAct39/2006,of14December2006.Thebenefitsareasfollows:Serviceforpreventionandthepromotionofpersonalautonomy.Remotesupportservice.Dayandnightcentres.Residentialcare.Economicbenefittiedtotheaboveservices.Economicbenefitforapersonalassistant.Economicbenefitforcareinthefamilycontextandsupportfornon-professionalcarers.19SAAD(SystemforAutonomyandtheCareofDependency)是國家政府和自治區的協同合作行動是2006年12月14日頒布的第39/2006號法令該法令帶來以下好處：預防服務，促進個人自主性；遠程支持服務；24小時服務中心；家庭護理；上述服務能帶來經濟收益；私人護工可獲得經濟收益；為家庭護理提供經濟補貼，并對非專業護理人員給予支持。20《提高對依賴他人生活人士的關愛并提高其個人自主能力法》（SAAD）21PublicSpanishSocialSecuritySystemHowdoesitwork?solidaritySocialandpoliticalagreementpay-as-you-goPensionsystem22西班牙公共社會保障制度該制度如何運行？solidaritySocialandpoliticalagreementpay-as-you-goPensionsystem團結互助現收現付養老金制度社會和政治協議239,3Millioncontributorypensions500.000noncontributorypensionsandfamilybenefitsPublicSpanishSocialSecuritySystem9.760.337pensions118.072mill€

(Budget2015)Contributory9.308.146pensions115.669

mill€NonContributory452.191pensions2.403

mill€249,3Millioncontributorypensions500.000noncontributorypensionsandfamilybenefits西班牙公共社會保障制度9.760.337養老金118.072（百萬歐元）

（2015年預算）繳費型9.308.146養老金115.669

（百萬歐元）非繳費型452.191養老金2.403

（百萬歐元）25PublicSpanishSocialSecuritySystem/ModalitiesBasicnoncontributoryContributoryandprofesionalFinancedbyStateFinancedbyemployersandemployees26西班牙公共社會保障制度/模式BasicnoncontributoryContributoryandprofesional由政府繳納由雇主和雇員繳納非繳費型基本福利繳費型專項福利27CHALLENGESGuaranteeapublicpensionsystemthatanticipatestotheeconomicanddemographicchallenges.Thepreventionoftheriskofpoverty.28挑戰公共養老金制度將面臨經濟和人口結構方面的挑戰。貧困風險防范。OBJECTIVEMaintainamandatory“payasyougo”publicpensionsystemforallworkersThesystemmustachive:

1–Sustainability2-AdequacyofpensionsThefundingrequirementsandtheadequacyofbenefitsareassessedbyusingrevenue'sandexpenditure'sprojectionsinthemediumandlongterm.TheseforecastsdrivethereformsintheSocialSecuritySystem.Thesocialsecuritypensionisthemainsourceofincomeafterretirement29OBJECTIVEMaintainamandatory“payasyougo”publicpensionsystemforallworkersThesystemmustachive:

1–Sustainability2-AdequacyofpensionsThefundingrequirementsandtheadequacyofbenefitsareassessedbyusingrevenue'sandexpenditure'sprojectionsinthemediumandlongterm.TheseforecastsdrivethereformsintheSocialSecuritySystem.社會保障養老金是退休后的主要收入來源。30目標該制度必須實現：對所有勞動者強制性實行“現收現付”公共養老金制度1-可持續發展2-充足的養老金通過中期和長期收支預測評估資金要求和福利的充足性。這些預測推動著社會保障制度的改革。

Legalretirementageis“increasing”

Therequirementsforearlyretirementarebeingtightenedgradually.

The2011-2013reformsofthesocialsecuritypensionsystem2015202765years(with35yearsand9monthsofcontributions)Or65yearsand3month(withlesscontributions)65years(with38yearsand6monthsofcontributions)Or67years(withlesscontributions)31

法定退休年齡在“逐漸上升”。

提前退休政策在不斷縮緊。

2011-2013年社會保障養老金制度改革2015年2027年65歲（需繳滿35年零9個月）或65歲零3個月（繳款期稍短）65歲（需繳滿38年零6個月）或67歲（繳款期稍短）32Lateretirement

Anincreaseintheaccrualratewillbeappliedforeachyearofcontributionsafterthelegalretirementage:

Forcareerslengths

below25years…………+2%between25and37years………….+2.75%over37years……………+4%Activeretirement:compatibilitybetweenretirementpensionandactivelife. Oldagepensionsarecompatiblewithpaid-employmentandself-employment,regardlesswhethertheworkisonfull-timeorpart-timebasis,providedthatthepensionerhasreachedthestatutoryretirementage.Thepensionbenefitwillbeequivalenttohalfoftheamountthepensionerwouldbeentitledto,excludingminimumtop-ups.(22,779pensioners)....Promotingactiveaging.Lateretirement33...推進積極老齡化，并延緩退休34延后退休今后將對法定退休年齡后的每個繳款年度實行增加后的年資累計率：就工齡而言不足25年…………+2%25-37年之間………+2.75%超過37年…………+4%活躍的退休狀態：退休金和職業生活兩不誤養老金與就業和自謀職業并不沖突，不論是全職或是兼職，但前提是領養老金的人必須已經達到法定退休年齡。退休津貼相當于領養老金者有權享有金額的一半，不含最低差額補貼（22779名領養老金者）。...SustainabilityfactorTheSustainabilityFactor(SF)isanautomaticlinkbetweentheamountofretirementpensionsanddevelopmentsinlifeexpectancyofpensioners.MinimumPension≤Pension≤MaximunPensionFrom2019onwardsOnlyapplicabletonewSocialSecurityretirementpensionsSocialSecuritymortalitytables(modellingwithEUROPOPandINE)35...可持續發展因素可持續發展因素（SF）是在退休金金額和領退休金者預期壽命發展趨勢之間自發形成的樞紐。最低養老金≤普遍養老金≤最高養老金在2019年之前只適用于社會保障退休金新規社會保障死亡率表，根據歐盟統計局人口預測（EUROPOP

）和西班牙統計局（INE）數據建模36...RevaluationPensionIndexThe

yearly

adjustmentofthe

pensions

system,IR,is

establish

annually

by

the

StateBudgetAct,according

to

the

following

mathematicalformula:

Indexation

Income

NumberofSubstitutionSurplusdistribution

variationofpensioners

Effect

Deficit

reduction

the

system

variationCentered

meansof11yearsAnewindexation

for

thestockofpensionAll

typesofpension,not

just

retirementInforce

since2014MinimumvalueofIR=0.25MaximumvalueofIR=CPI+0.5037...重估養老金指數根據下列數學公式，依照《國家預算法》每年確定養老金的年度調整指數（IR）：

11年平均值養老金儲備新指數所有類型的養老金，不僅僅是退休金自2014年起生效IR最小值=0.25IR最大值=消費物價指數（CIP）+0.5038盈余分配赤字削減替代效應指數化養老金領養者人數變化系統收入變化EvaluatingtheeffectsofthepensionreformsThesocialsecuritybalanceTheadequacyFightagainstfraudAndmanagementreformsInrevenues“DirectContribution”InPension“Mysocialsecurity”Estimatedimpacton39評估養老金制度改革的影響社會保障收支平衡充分性打擊欺詐管理改革收入中的“直接繳款”養老金中的“我的社會保障金”預估影響40FightagainstthefraudInSpaintheGovernmenthaspromotedthenewActprojectofWorkInspectionsandSocialSecurityformorecoordinatedandeffectiveinspectionservices.ANationalOfficefortheFightAgainsttheFraudisgoingtobecreated.Fightingagainstfraudarecurrentlygivingreturnsintermsoflostcontributionsanditisexpectedtomaintaintheamountsraisedinthefuture.41打擊欺詐西班牙政府在推進一項新的工作監察和社會保障法，確保以更協調、更有效的方式提供監察服務。西班牙政府正在籌備建立一個國家打擊欺詐局。打擊福利詐騙的行動目前已經取得成效，預期未來還會挽回更多的繳款型福利金。42ManagementreformsRaisingsocialcontributionsThenewdirectsystemofpaymentofsocialcontributionswillallowtotakeanactiveroleintheenterprise'spaymentprocess,movingfromamodelofself-settlementtoanewbillingmodel.Theprioritiesaretominimizethemistakesintheimplementationofthecontributionrules,tocomparethedatainadvanceandtofacilitatethepaymentofthecontributionsthroughtelematicmeans.Thesystemwillautomaticallyapplythepriceincreasesand/orreductions,achieving