SOCIALINVESTMENT

LANDSCAPEFORCLIMATEACTIONINBANGLADESH

Abbreviations

ACI

AdvancedChemicalIndustries

GCF

GreenClimateFund

ADB

AsianDevelopmentBank

GDP

GrossDomesticProduct

AFOLU

Agriculture,ForestandOtherLandUse

GEF

GlobalEnvironmentFacility

BCCSAP

BangladeshClimateChangeStrategyandActionPlan

GHG

GreenhouseGas

CCC

ClimateChangeCell

GNI

GrossNationalIncome

COP

ConferenceoftheParties

GTF

GreenTransformationFund

DAE

DirectAccessEntity

HAI

HumanAssetsIndex

ECCCP

ExtendedCommunityClimateChangeProject

HFF

HaorandFlashFloods

EECMP

Ef?ciencyandConservationMasterPlan

ICCCAD

InternationalCenterforClimateChangeandDevelopment

ETS

EmissionsTradingSystem

ICT

InformationCommunicationsTechnology

EU

EuropeanUnion

IDCOL

InfrastructureDevelopmentCompanyLimited

EVI

EnvironmentalVulnerabilityIndex

IFC

InternationalFinanceCorporation

FAO

FoodandAgriculturalOrganization

IFPRI

InternationalFoodPolicyResearchInstitute

FCK

FixedChimneyKiln

LDC

LeastDevelopedCountry

FY

FiscalYear

LDCF

LeastDevelopedCountriesFund

2|www.avpn.asia

Abbreviations

MCPP

MW

NAP

NAPA

NDC

ODA

PKSF

PPCR

PV

RMG

SDC

SHS

SREDA

SREP

SWM

MujibClimateProsperityPlan

Megawatt

NationalAdaptationPlan

NationalAdaptationProgrammeofAction

NationallyDeterminedContributions

OverseasDevelopmentAid

PalliKarma-SahayakFoundation

PilotProgramforClimateResilience

Photovoltaic

Ready-madeGarments

SwissAgencyforDevelopmentandCooperation

SolarHouseSystem

SustainableAndRenewableEnergyDevelopmentAuthority

ScalingUpRenewableEnergyProject

SouthwesternCoastalAreaandSundarbans

UK

UN

UNCDF

UNDP

UNEP

UNFCCC

URB

US

USAID

VCS

WASH

WFP

UnitedKingdom

UnitedNations

UnitedNationsCapitalDevelopmentFund

UnitedNationsDevelopmentProgramme

UnitedNationsEnvironmentProgramme

UnitedNationsFrameworkConventiononClimateChange

UrbanArea

UnitedStates

UnitedStatesAgencyforInternationalDevelopment

Veri?edCarbonStandard

Water,SanitationandHygiene

WorldFoodProgramme

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Adaptation

Involvesadjustinglifetoactualorexpectedclimatechange

ClimateVulnerability

Thesusceptibilitytoexternalstresses,includingexposuretorisk,sensitivitytothatrisk,andadaptivecapacity

ClimateResilience

Theabilitytoabsorbshocksandtoadaptbothinadvanceandinreactiontoshocks.

Mitigation

Reducingemissionsand

stabilizingthelevelsof

heat-trappinggreenhousegassesintheatmosphere

KeyDe?nitions

BackgroundandConcepts

Climate-relatedhazards

(i)Drought-atemporaryreductioninmoistureavailabilitysigni?cantlybelowthenormalforaspeci?edperiod

(ii)Flood-anover?owofwaterthatsubmergeslandthatisusuallydry

(iii)Cyclone-atmosphericdisturbancesaroundalow-pressureareadistinguishedbyswiftandoftendestructiveaircirculation

(iv)Sealevelriseandsalinity-increaseinsealeveland

concentrationofalldissolvedsaltsinwater

(v)Erosion-thewearingawaytopsoilbywaterorwind(vi)Flash?oods-whenrunofffromexcessiverainfall

causesarapidriseinthewaterheightofastreamornormally-drychannel

Source:TheWorldBank,NASA,NationalAdaptationPlanofBangladesh2023-2050,WHO,USGS,WorldMeteorologicalOrganization4|www.avpn.asia

TableofContents

Abbreviations5-

6

KeyDe?nitions

7

TableofContents

8

FastFactsSummary9-

10

1.StateofClimateActioninBangladesh11-

24

1.1VulnerabilityofBangladeshtoClimateChange11-

18

1.2MappingOutPastProgressinClimateAction19-

21

1.3CombatingtheClimateCrisisinBangladesh22-

24

2.ClimateAction:BangladeshandItsUncertainFuture25-

46

2.1SustainableCommunitiesandClimateChange26-

36

2.2Decarbonization37-

42

2.3ClimateResilience43-

46

3.HowBangladeshCanTurntheTides47-59

3.1StakeholderMappingforClimateActionInterventions48-

53

3.2RecommendationsforClimateChangeInterventions

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FastFactsSummary

Despitecontributingameager0.51%ofthetotalgreenhousegas(GHG)emissionsintheworld,

Bangladeshranks7thontheglobalclimateriskindex.Plaguedbyacuteenvironmentalaf?ictions,the

nationranks9thgloballyinnumberofdeathstriggeredbyclimateinduceddisasters.Thecountry's

naturally?atandlow-lyingtopographyinconjunctionwithitshighpopulationdensity(1,119peoplepers.q.

km)andpovertylevelsaugmentsitsvulnerabilitytoclimatechange;andthreatensitsdevelopment

trajectory.

Overtheyears,Bangladeshhassubstantiallyadvancedinenablingclimateresilientsustainable

development,throughtheformulationandsubsequentimplementationofrequiredpoliciesand

frameworks.NationalleveladaptiveeffortsincludetheBangladeshClimateChangeStrategyandAction

Plan(BCCSAP,2009),BangladeshDeltaPlan2100,MujibClimateProsperityPlanandNationalAdaptation

Plan2023-2050amongstothers.Howeverwithoutfurtheracceleratedandcoordinatedpublic-private

interventions,therapidlychangingclimatescenemighttriggerexpectedlossesof1.1%ofGDPannually

inamoderatescenario;andupto2%annuallossesinextremeclimateconditions.

The‘ClimateActioninBangladesh’studyaimstobuildacomprehensiveoutlookonthecurrentstatus

quoofclimateinterventionsinBangladeshbydivingintothe:i)repercussionsofclimatechangeon

livelihoodoutcomes,ii)activeeffortstowardsdecarbonizationandtransitiontorenewableenergyandiii)

climateresilienceeffortsforgreengrowth.Throughthisthoroughanalysis,thereportaimstooutline

initiativesandpotentialpartnershipstoguideChevron’ssustainabilityefforts.

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FastFactsSummary

ClimateAf?ictions&SustainableCommunities

Withtheanticipateddestabilizingincreasesinaverageannualtemperatureandrainfall,regionsacross

Bangladeshwillbemorepronetoclimate-induceddisasters.Thiswilltriggerdeterioratingimpactsfor

vulnerablecommunities.

Education:Naturaldisastersbreakdownschoolinfrastructurehaltingteachingcyclesandleadingtolossof

education

Health:Extremeheat,highsalinityandwaterloggingcanleadtoheatstrokes,respiratorydiseases,dengue,

reproductivecomplexitiesandmentalhealthproblemsamongstothers

Gender:Climatechangeimplicationsarenotgenderneutralanddisproportionatelythreatensfemalehealth,

jobsecurityandempowerment

Livelihood:Vulnerablecommunitiesarelikelytofacelossofincomewithanticipatedlossesinlivestockand

cropsandforcedmigrations

Decarbonization&RenewableEnergy

Carbontradingisstillalargenascentconceptinthesub-continentwithnon-existentialactiveefforts.

However,thereisactivepublicsectorenthusiasmforimplementationofcarbonpricingmechanismsin

Bangladesh,withthegovernmenttargetingtointroducea5%carbontaxby2025.

7|www.avpn.asia

FastFactsSummary

ClimateResilienceforGreenGrowth

Duetoclimatehazardsandgeographicfactors,Bangladeshislosing1.75%ofitsarablelandeveryyear.

Thereareactiveadaptiveprocessestomitigatethisfoodsecuritythreatthroughincreaseduptakeof

farmmechanization,highusageofbiofertilizers,adoptionofrenewableenergyandcontractfarming.

However,barrierssuchasinadequateaccessto?nance,insuf?cientaccesstotrainingformechanization

servicesandmarketinformationasymmetriesimpederesilienceefforts.

TheWayForwardforPublic-PrivateCollaboration

Basedonthe?ndingsofthestudy,possibletrajectoriesthatpublic-privateinterventionscouldtake

include:

1.Public-privatecollaborationstomobilizegreengreeninvestmentsthroughblended?nance

instrumentsorco-investmentsinrenewableenergy

2.Publicadvocacysessionsanddialoguearoundknowledgeandtoolsforgreengrowth

3.Supportingsustainableagribusinessestoboostgreengrowthandsustainablepractices

4.Investmentinearlystageclimateinitiativestofacilitategreenentrepreneurshipandclimate

smartideas

5.Leadingdisasterreliefinterventionsintimesofnaturaldisasterstorescueclimatevulnerable

communities

8|www.avpn.asia

1.StateofClimate

ActioninBangladesh

9|www.avpn.asia

●Globally,Bangladeshisthe41stlargesteconomyandoneofthefastestgrowingcountries,havinganannualGDPgrowthrateof6.40%in2022.In2021,

BangladeshsurpassedIndiaintermsofGDPpercapita(currentlyvaluedatUSD2,824in2022).

●In2022thecountry’sexportsstoodatUSD52.1Bn.ThetotalbudgetexpenditureallocatedfortheFY

2023isvaluedatUSD63.4Bn.Bangladeshhasalsoundertakenvariousmegainfrastructureprojects,

leadingthecountry’sdebtasapercentageofGDPtobe38%in2021.

●AvertingslowdownsintheglobaleconomyduetotheCovid-19pandemic,theBangladesheconomyhasbeenanoutperformeramongitsSouthAsianpeers,andis

settograduatefromitsLDCstatusin2026.The

countryisalsopredictedtobecomethe24thlargesteconomyintheworldby2036.

MacroeconomicSnapshotofBangladesh

BangladeshEconomySettoGraduateLDCStatusin2026

GDPIndicatorsforBangladesh

USD416.3

Bn

TotalGDPinFY2021

USD2,824

GDPPerCapitainFY2022

6.40%

RealGDPGrowthinFY2022

OtherMacroeconomicIndicators

USD52.1Bn

ExportsinFY2022

(80%contributedby

RMGsector)

USD90.6Bn

TotalNetDomesticBorrowinginFY2022

USD63.4Bn

TotalBudget

ExpenditureforFY

2023

Source:WorldBank,LightCastlePartnersBangladeshEconomicReview2022,CEBR,TheBusinessStandard10|www.avpn.asia

Globally,asof2021Bangladeshranks7thintheClimateRiskIndex(CRI),eventhoughthecountry’spercapitaCO2emissionsamounttoonly0.6metrictonnes.ThisdisproportionateaggregationofclimatehazardsresultsinlossesinGDPtallyinguptoUSD11.3Bn,makingBangladeshoneofthemostvulnerablecountriesintermsofclimatechange.

ClimateVulnerabilityofBangladesh

LoomingThreatofClimateChangeImpedestheNation’sGrowth

GlobalRankingofBangladesh

LocalRami?cations

0.6

MetrictonnesofCO2emissionspercapitain2019

USD11.3Bn

LossesinGDPduetoclimatehazards

7th

GlobalClimateRiskIndex

3,917,184

Peopleaffectedby?oodsin2017

9th

Indeathsglobally,duetoclimatedisasters

5-6k

HectaresoflanderodedbyPadma-Jamunariveryearly

37th

InlossesinGDPannuallyduetoclimatedisasters

479,490

Totalfatalitiesduetocyclonessince1965

Source:Germanwatch(2021),AsianDevelopmentBank,,NationalAdaptationPlanofBangladesh2023-2050*InformationregardingUSA’sCRIrankingnotavailable

GeographicalFactorsContributingtoBangladesh’sClimateSensitivity

Bangladesh’sClimateVulnerabilityStemsfromVariousTopographicFactors

Thelow-lying?atlandsofBangladesh,cut

acrossbymajordrainagesystemsofthe

Brahmaputra,GangesandMeghnaRivers

combinedwithitsfunnelshapedsouthern

coastmakethecountrypronetonatural

calamitiessuchascyclones,stormsurges,and?ash?oods.

TheNorthandNortheasternpartsofthe

countryaresubjecttofrequentdroughts,whiletheEasternpartsofSylhetand

Chattogramaresusceptibletoearthquakesandlandslides.

Source:ClimateRiskIndex2021,AsianDevelopmentBank:BangladeshClimateandDisasterRiskAtlasIII12|www.avpn.asia

SocioeconomicFactorsIn?uencingBangladesh’sClimateCondition

BangladeshisStillaDevelopingCountrywithLimitedResources

166.3Mn

TotalPopulation

1,119

peopleper

s.qkm

61%

RuralPopulation

37.7%

Employmentinagriculture

MakingBangladeshthe8thlargestpopulationintheworld

Leadingtothe10thhighestpopulationdensityglobally

Signi?cantlyhigherthantheglobalaverageof43%

Leadingtoahigherinsecurityof

livelihoodoftheworkforce

Bangladesh’ssocioeconomicmakeupalsocontributestoitsclimatevulnerability.Thecountryhasoneofthehighestpopulationdensities,with1,119peoplepers.q.kmintheworldandoneofthelargestoverallpopulations,with166.3Mnpeople.Theresultingracetomatchfoodproductiontothegrowingnumberofpeopleleadstohigheremissionsofgreenhousegases.

Additionally,61%ofthepopulation(approximately105Mnpeople)isstillresidinginruralareas,wherethereismoredependencyonnaturalresourcesandagriculture.Thismakesagreaterpercentageofthetotalpopulationmorevulnerabletoclimateaf?ictions.

Source:TheWorldBank,TheimplicationsofPopulationGrowthandClimateChangeonSustainableDevelopmentinBangladesh,CIRDAP13|www.avpn.asia

FinancialFactorsSupportingBangladesh’sClimateResilience

InternationalStreamsBolsterClimateActionintheCountry

GreenClimateFund

Asof2022,theGreenClimateFundinBangladeshhasapprovedUSD374.0Mnacross?veprojectsfocusingonclimateresilientinfrastructure,cleancooking,?oodprotection,promotingprivatesectorinvestmentintheclimatespace,andenhancingtheadaptivecapacitiesofwomenincoastalareas.TwonationalorganizationshavebeenestablishedasDirectAccessEntities,includingthePalliKarmaSahayakFoundation(PKSF)andInfrastructureDevelopmentCompany(IDCOL).

ClimateInvestmentsFund

UndertheClimateInvestmentsFund,thePilotProgrammeforClimateResilience(PPCR)wasestablishedwiththeaimtosupportdevelopingcountriesinintegratingclimateresilienceintotheirdevelopmentplanning.PPCRhasapproved11projectsinBangladeshwithatotalfundofUSD176.66MnandafurtherUSD1,049.01Mninco-?nancing.Underthisfund,ScalingUpRenewableEnergyProgramforBangladesh(SREP)hasalsodisbursedUSD75.0Mningrantsandlow-cost?nancingtocatalyseutilityscalerenewableenergyprojectsandoff-gridsolarmarketsinthecountry.

LeastDeveloped

CountriesFund

TheGlobalEnvironmentFacility(GEF)hassupportedtheLeastDevelopedCountriesFund(LDCF)toaddressthespecialneedsoftheLeastDevelopedCountries(LDCs)undertheClimateConvention.InBangladesh,theLeastDevelopedCountriesFundhasapprovedatotalofUSD34.4Mn,across7projects.

BilateralAssistance

Bilateralassistancehasalsobeenamajorsourceofclimate?nancinginBangladesh,withprimarysupportbeingintheformofOverseasDevelopmentAssistance.NotablecontributorsincludeU.S.AgencyforInternationalDevelopment(USAID)intheUnitedStates,DeutscheGesellschaftfürInternationaleZusammenarbeit(GIZ)inGermany,DepartmentforInternationalDevelopment(DFID)intheUKandSwissAgencyforDevelopmentandCooperation(SDC)inSwitzerland.ProjectsimplementedthroughbilateralassistanceincludeFoundationsCall(DFID),AcceleratingDevelopmentofAbioticStressTolerantRiceandWheat(USAID)andCommunityBasedSustainableManagementofTanguarHaor(SDC).

Multilateral

DevelopmentPartners

MultilateralDevelopmentBankssuchastheWorldBank,AsianDevelopmentBank(ADB)andmultipleUNorganizationssuchasUnitedNationsDevelopmentProgramme(UNDP),UnitedNationsEnvironmentProgramme(UNEP),FoodandAgricultureOrganization(FAO)andUnitedNationsCapitalDevelopmentFund(UNCDF)havebeeninstrumentalinspearheadingdevelopmentinthecountry.TheWorldBankandADBhaveestablishedspecial?nancingfacilitiesinBangladeshtopromotelow-carbon,climateresilientdevelopment.

Source:TheWorldBank,TheimplicationsofPopulationGrowthandClimateChangeonSustainableDevelopmentinBangladesh,CIRDAP

FinancialFactorsSupportingBangladesh’sClimateResilience

DomesticResourcesFinancingClimateActioninBangladesh

RevenueBudget

Therevenuebudgetis?nancedfromdomesticrevenuesandisallocatedtopayforgovernmentoperations.TheMinistryofFinance,therefore,providessupporttodifferentlineministriestoimplementclimaterelevantprojects.Climaterelevantallocationtotheministriesinthe?scalyear2020-2021amountedtoapproximatelyUSD2.34Bn.

BangladeshClimateChangeTrustFund

In2009,theBangladeshClimateChangeTrustFundwasestablishedtoimplementtheinterventionslaidoutintheBCCSAP,andisresourcedfromrevenuesfromtheannualnon-developmentbudget.Between2009and2020,atotalofapproximatelyUSD450Mnhasbeenallocatedtothefundtosupportclimateactioninthecountry.

GreenTransformationFund

In2016,theBangladeshBanklaunchedtheGreenTransformationFund,whichisaUSD200Mnre?nancingschemetosupportenvironmentallyfriendlyinitiatives.TheGTFfacilitatesaccessto?nanceforimportingcapitalmachineryandaccessoriesforenvironment-friendlyinitiatives,suchaswateruseef?ciencyinwetprocessing,waterconservationandmanagement,wastemanagement,resourceef?ciencyandrecycling,renewableenergy,energyef?ciency,heatandtemperaturemanagement,airventilationandcirculationef?ciency,andworkenvironmentimprovementinitiatives.

SustainableFinance

PoliciesforBanksandFinancialInstitutions

TheBangladeshBankhasalsoinstructedbankingandnon-banking?nancialinstitutionsinBangladeshtodedicate10%oftheirCSRfundingtowardsaClimateRiskFund,whichprovidedthefoundationforthesustainable?nancepoliciesforbanksand?nancialinstitutions.

Source:TheWorldBank,TheimplicationsofPopulationGrowthandClimateChangeonSustainableDevelopmentinBangladesh,CIRDAPsince1965

ImplicationsofLDCGraduationonClimateFinancing

BangladeshToSeeaDecreaseinOverseasDevelopmentAssistance

LDCGraduationCriteria:BangladeshOutlook

USD1,827

GNIpercapita,2022

76.6

HumanAssetsIndex2022

26.8

Environmental

VulnerabilityIndex,

2022

Required:AboveUSD1,222

Required:Above66

Required:Below32

BangladeshissettograduatefromitsLDCstatusin2026,aftermeetingthethreecriteriasetforthbytheCommitteeforDevelopmentPolicy,namelytheGrossNationalIncome(GNI),HumanAssetsIndex(HAI),andEconomicandEnvironmentalVulnerabilityIndex(EVI).

However,withLDCgraduation,BangladeshisexpectedtoseeafallintheOverseasDevelopmentAssistance(ODA)received.

ClimateFinancingandLDCGraduation

●LDCgraduationwillhaveadirectimpactonclimate?nancing,asgraduatedcountriesloseaccesstoLDCspeci?cfunding.

●ForBangladesh,thiswillmeanlosingaccesstotheLeastDevelopedCountriesFundandtheGreenClimateFund,whichhavefundedclimateinterventionsworthUSD34.4MnandUSD374.0Mnrespectively.

●OtherbilateralandmultilateralODAscanalsobeexpectedtodecreasealongsidethecountry’sgraduationfromLDCstatus.

●Itistobenotedthatdomesticresources,however,thatofthegovernment’sallocationof6-7%oftheannualbudgettoclimateresilience,75%isdomesticallyfunded.

Source:CentreforPolicyDialogue,DepartmentofEconomicandSocialA?airs,CommitteeforDevelopmentPolicy(2022),TheDailyStar16|www.avpn.asia

Inordertotackletheadverseeffectsofclimatechange,coupledwiththeexpectedfallinODA,BangladeshhastakenseveralinitiativesfollowingtheglobalframeworksoftheParisAgreement,theSDGsandtheSendaiFramework.

Thishasfosteredanenvironmentforcollaborationamongthepublic,privateanddevelopmentsectors.

17|www.avpn.asia

TimelineofClimateActionInitiativesinBangladesh

AnOverviewofClimateActioninBangladeshThroughtheYears

SubmissionofNational

CommunicationtoUNFCCC

AsasignatoryoftheUNFCCC,

Bangladeshful?lledits

commitmenttothe

ConferenceofPartiesby

submittingitsinitialnational

communication

PreparationofNationalAdaptation

ProgrammeofAction(NAPA)

TheNAPAisthe?rstcountrywide

climatechangeprogramthat

encompassestheimmediateand

urgentadaptationactivitiesof

Bangladesh

PassingofBangladeshClimate

ChangeTrustAct

AnActtoestablishaTrust

redresstheadverseimpactof

climatechangeonBangladesh.

Thisledtotheestablishmentof

theClimateChangeTrustFund

2009

2004

2010

2005

2002

EstablishmentofClimate

IssueofBangladeshClimate

ChangeCell(CCC)

ChangeStrategyandActionPlan(BCCSAP)andClimate

UndertheDepartmentof

TrustFund

Environment,theCCCwas

establishedtostreamline

InviewofCOP2009,the

governmentactivitiesregarding

BCCSAPwaslaunchedin

climatechange

Bangladesh.TheBangladeshClimateTrustFundwas

establishedtoimplement

interventionsoftheBCCSAP

18|www.avpn.asia

TimelineofClimateActionInitiativesinBangladesh

AnOverviewofClimateActioninBangladeshThroughtheYears

FirstJointMissionwithClimate

InvestmentFunds(CIFs)

TheCIFsinBangladeshare

focusedinclimateresilience.

SubmissionofNationallyDetermined

Contributions(NDCs)

DraftofMujibClimate

Prosperity

Plan(MCPP)

ProgramsincludethePilot

ProgramforClimateResilience,

ScalingupRenewableEnergy

Program,ForestInvestment

Program

2018

UnderArticle4,

Paragraph2oftheParisAgreement,countriesaretosubmittheir

NDCs,whichoutline

theirlongtermgoals

TheMCPPoffersa

multi-sectoralinvestment

planforclimate-resilient

infrastructure,clean

energy,greenvaluechains,

andlogistics

2022

2021

EntryofGreenClimate

Formulationof

FormulationofNational

FundinBangladesh(GCF)

BangladeshDeltaPlan

2100(BDP2100)

AdaptationPlanofBangladesh2023-2050

UndertheGlobalGCF,

Adoptedwiththegoalof

Bangladeshcurrentlyhas7

achievingasafe,climate

AccordingtotheUNFCCC,129

projectsleveragingUSD

resilient,andprosperous

developingcountrieshave

374Mnacrossvulnerable

Delta,proposingUS$38

initiatedtheirNAPprocess,

areasinthecountry

Bnby2030

includingBangladesh,whichlauncheditsNAPin2022

19|www.avpn.asia

Priority1:

Ensureprotectionagainst

climatevariabilityand

inducednaturaldisasters

Priority2:

Developclimateresilient

agricultureforfood,nutrition

andlivelihoodsecurity

Priority3:

Developclimatesmart

citiesforimprovedurban

well-being

NationalClimatePrioritiesofBangladesh

AdaptedfromtheNationalAdaptationPlanofBangladesh(2022)

●Enhanceclimateresiliencethroughadaptationmeasuresthatwillminimizedamage,supportnaturalresourcesmanagement,economicgrowthand,sustainablecommunitiesthroughmanagingwater

resourcesandstrengtheningdisasterreadiness.

●Focusonclimatesmartagriculture,?sheriesandlivestock,managingsustainablevaluechainsforagro-inputsinvulnerableregionsandstrengtheningresearchonclimateresilientcropsandsmartagriculturepracticestocombatfoodinsecuritybroughtaboutbyclimatechange.

●Developsmartcitieswithastrongdrainagenetworkandwatermanagementinfrastructure,expandgreeninfrastructure,enhancerenewableenergymechanismsandbettermanagementofsolidwastes,improvehumanhealthandWASHsectors,toreducedamageintheaftermathofclimatedisasters.

Source:NationalAdaptationPlanofBangladesh2023-205020|www.avpn.asia

Priority4:

Promotionofnaturebased

solutionsforconservationof

forestryandbiodiversity

Priority5:

Impartgoodgovernanceby

includingadaptationinplanning

Priority6:

Ensuretransformativecapacity

buildingandinnovationfor

climatechangeadaptation

NationalClimatePrioritiesofBangladesh

AdaptedfromtheNationalAdaptationPlanofBangladesh(2022)

●Implementclimateresilientforestry,wetland,biodiversityandecosystemservices,andcommunitybaseda?orestationandreforestationmeasurestopreservethecountry’secosystems.

●Integrateinclusivecl