ThePassiveVoice被動語態一、被動語態的構成形式1.被動語態的基本時態變化1)am/is/are+done(過去分詞)一般現在時2）has/havebeendone現在完成時3）am/is/arebeingdone現在進行時4）was/weredone一般過去時5）hadbeendone過去完成時6）was/werebeingdone過去進行時7）shall/willbedone一般將來時8）should/wouldbedone過去將來時2.被動語態的特殊結構形式1)帶情態動詞的被動結構。其形式為：情態動詞＋be＋過去分詞。例Thebabyshouldbetakengoodcareofbythebaby-sitter.2)有些動詞可以有兩個賓語，在用于被動結構時，可以把主動結構中的一個賓語變為主語，另一賓語仍然保留在謂語后面。例Hismothergavehimapresentforhisbirthday.可改為Hewasgivenapresentbyhismotherforhisbirthday.3)當“動詞+賓語+賓語補足語”結構變為被動語態時，將賓語變為被動結構中的主語，其余不動。例Someonecaughttheboysmokingacigarette.可改為Theboywascaughtsmokingacigarette.4）在使役動詞have,make,let以及感官動詞see,watch,notice,hear,feel,observe等后面不定式作賓語補語時，在主動結構中不定式to要省略，但變為被動結構時，要加to。例Someonesawastrangerwalkintothebuilding.可改為Astrangerwasseentowalkintothebuilding.5)有些相當于及物動詞的動詞詞組，如“動詞＋介詞”，“動詞＋副詞”等，也可以用于被動結構，但要把它們看作一個整體，不能分開。其中的介詞或副詞也不能省略。例ThemeetingistobeputofftillFriday.3.非謂語動詞的被動語態ving形式及不定式todo也有被動語態。例Idon'tlikebeinglaughedatinthepublic.二、如何使用被動語態1.講話者不知道動作的執行者或不必說出動作的執行者(這時可省by短語)。例Mybikewasstolenlastnight.2.借助被動的動作突出動作的執行者。例IwasgiventenminutestodecidewhetherIshouldaccepttheoffer.3.為了更好地安排句子。例Thewell-knownpersongotonthebusandwasimmediatelyrecognizedbypeople.（一個主語就夠了）三、Itissaidthat+從句及其他類似句型一些表示“據說”或“相信”的動詞如believe,consider,expect,report,say,suppose,think等可以用于句型“It＋be＋過去分詞＋that從句”或“主語＋be＋過去分詞＋todosth.”。有：Itissaidthat…據說, Itisreportedthat…據報道， Itisbelievedthat…大家相信，Itishopedthat…大家希望， Itiswellknownthat…眾所周Itisthoughtthat…大家認為，Itissuggestedthat…據建議。四、謂語動詞的主動形式表示被動意義1.英語中有很多動詞如break，catch，clean，drive，lock，open，sell，read，write，wash等，當它們被用作不及物動詞來描述主語特征時，常用其主動形式表達被動意義,主語通常是物。例Thiskindofclothwasheswell.注意：主動語態表被動強調的是主語的特征，而被動語態則強調外界作用造成的影響。試比較：Thedoorwon'tlock．（指門本身有毛?。㏕hedoorwon'tbelocked．（指不會有人來鎖門,指“門沒有鎖”是人的原因）2.表示“發生、進行”的不及物動詞和短語，如：happen,last,takeplace,breakout,comeout,comeabout,cometrue,runout,giveout,turnout等以主動形式表示被動意義。例Howdothenewspaperscomeout?這些報紙是如何印出來的呢？3.系動詞沒有被動形式,但有些表示感受、感官的系動詞feel,sound,7()1Theoldbridgeinmyhometown___nextmonth.A.isgoingtoberebuiltB.willrebuiltC.aregoingtoberebuiltD.aregoingtorebuilt()2Theplay___atthetheatrenextSunday.A.isgoingtobeshownB.willshownC.willshowD.isshown()3Theoldstonebridge___nextweek.A.isgoingtoberebuiltB.willberebuildC.aregoingtoberebuiltD.willrebuild8()1Nowthesemagazines__inthelibraryforalongtime.A.havekeptB.arekeepingC.havebeenkeepingD.havebeenkept()2Thepot___for___hotwater.A.used;keepingB.wasused;keepingC.isused;tokeepD.areused;keep()3Tea___inthesouthofChina.A.growsB.isgrownC.weregrownD.willgrow()4Thebridges___twoyearsago.A.isbuiltB.builtC.werebuiltD.wasbuilt()5Wetclothesareoften___upnearafireinrainyweather.A.hangB.hangedC.hangingD.hung9()1Theriversmellsterrible.Peoplemust___dirtythingsintoit.A.bestoppedtothrowB.bestoppedfromthrowingC.stoptothrowD.stopfromthrowing()2Theteapot___water.A.isfilledwithB.filledofC.fullingofD.filled()3Oldpeoplemustbelookedafterwelland___politely.A.speaktoB.spokenC.speakD.spokento()4Oldpeoplemust___.A.lookafterwellB.belookedwellafterC.lookedwellafterD.belookedafterwell10()1Newly-bornbabies___inhospital.A.aretakengoodcareB.aretakengoodcareofC.takegoodcareofD.takegoodcare()2Theywere___atthesuddennoise.A.frighteningB.frightenedC.frightenD.frightens()3Thesewalls___stone.A.aremadeofB.madeof.C.aremadeintoD.madeinto11()1Jane___tosingusanAmericansonglastSaturday.A.calledB.wasaskedC.toldD.wassaid()2Thepapers___tothem.A.wereshownB.showC.shown/D.haveshown()3Thecoat___hersister.A.madetoB.weremadeforC.wasmadeforD.wasmadeto12()1I___fiveminutestodecidewhetherIshouldgoornot.A.gaveB.wasgivingC.hadgivenD.wasgiven()2Goodcare____suchthings.A.shouldtakeofB.shouldbetakenC.shouldbetakingD.shouldbetakenof()3Shewill____goodcare____.A.take;ofB.betaken;ofC.take;foryouD.betaken;ofyou13()1Theteachermadehim___hishomework.A.todoB.doC.didD.done()2Theboy_streetswithoutpayintheolddays.A.wasmadetocleanB.madecleanC.madetocleanD.wasmadeclean()3Thesechildren____dance.A.wereseentoB.wereseenforC.wereseenD.sawto14()1Thesestones___well.A.arefittedB.fitC.fitsD.isfitted()2Thebike___500yuan.A.wascostB.costedC.costD.iscosted()3Theimportantmeeting___onacoldmorninglastyear.A.was'hadB.washeldC.heldD.had15()1Greatchanges___inthepasttenyearsinChina.A.tookplaceB.havetakenplaceC.weretakingplaceD.hadtakenplace()2Youcan'tusethecomputer,it____.A.wasbrokendownB.iswrongC.isbadD.hasbrokendown()3Greatchanges___inourcountryduringthepast20years.A.havehappenedB.happenedC.havebeenhappenedD.werehappened()4Thewatchhasoften___down.A.satB.lainC.brokenD.fell16()1Pleasepassmeanothercup.Thisone___.A.isbrokenB.isbreakingC.brokeD.broken()2Thestorybooks___bythewriterinthe1960s.A.arewrittenB.werewrittenC.arewritingD.werewriting()3Whattime___thedoor___everyday?A.does;closedB.does;closeC.is;closedD./;close17()1Canhe___himself?A.getdressB.getdressedC.getsdressedD.insteadof()2Hefellfromhisbikeand___.A.ishurtB.getshurtC.gothurtD.hurt()3Lookout,pleasekeepawayfromthefire,oryourtrouserswill__A.burntB.burnC.burningD.getburn18()1Theapple___verysweet.A.istastedB.taste-C.tastesD.aretasting()2You___morebeautifulinthelightblueshirt.A.seeB.watchC.lookD.lookat()3Wh