語言與素養——“閱讀理解之猜詞悟意”學程單【學習目標】明晰考查意圖，了解猜詞悟意題的設題方式；掌握猜詞悟意題的類型和不同解題方法；熟練運用技巧解答猜詞悟意題。【學習過程】一.了解定義和考查意圖。二.了解類型和設問方式。三.總結不同類型解題方法：非指代型Method1常識經驗Exercise：ThecustomstartedduringtheHanDynasty,andhasahistoryofmorethanmorethan2,000years......Itis（8）a__________atraditionalcustomtoeatglutinousricedumplingsatthistime.AsearlyastheSongDynasty，therewassuchakindoffood，aroundball（9）m__________ofglutinousriceflourwithafillingofsugarandkernels（果仁）.SinceitiseatenontheLanternFestival，peoplecallityuanxiao.Method2定義解釋（下定義，舉例，符號）Exercise：1.Anotherhabitwhichcanslowyourreadingiscalled"subvocalization".Thatistosay,yourlipsdonotmove,butyoustill"hear"eachwordinyourheadasyoureadsilentlyinthiscase.Theunderlinedword"subvocalization"isclosestinmeaningto"________".A.readingsilentlyB.readingaloudC.listeningsilentlyD.lookingcarefully2.Apairofspecialglovesmightmakethisareality.ResearchersattheUniversityofNewSouthWales,Australia,havemadeglovesthatcanrecreatethesenseoftouch.Theycallthishapticdevice(觸覺裝置)"asoftskinstretchdevice".(SSD)Whatdoes"SSD"referto?A.Avideochatapp. B.Apairofspecialgloves.C.3Dforcesignals. D.Trackpads(觸控板)inlaptops.Method3邏輯（因果，轉折對比，并列遞進）1.Formanyyears,schoolshavetaughtthestoryofFranklin’sexperiment.Millionsofschoolchildrenhavebeenamazedbyhiscourageandhisscientificspiritoflookingforthetruth.However,newresearchsuggeststhatthestorymaybefictioninsteadoffact.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“fiction”mean?A.虛構的事 B.不同的事 C.安全的事 D.需要的事2.While75%ofourplanetiscoveredwithwater,onlyabout2%isfreshwater---thatcomesfromrivers,lakes,iceandsnow.Therest,98%ofthewater,isinseasandoceans.Itistoosaltytodrink.Thendesalinationbusinessescomein.Morethan19,000factorieshavebeenbuiltaroundtheworld,mostlyincoastalcountries.Theyprocess(加工)morethan92milliontonsofwatereveryday.Butthetechnologytheyuserequiresalotofenergy.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“desalination”inParagraph3mean?A.遠洋運輸 B.潮汐發電 C.食鹽銷售 D.海水淡化Method4構詞法（派生法，合成法）1.OnFridayafternoon,ZhaoLijian,aspokesmanforMinistryofForeignAffairs,talkedaboutthegreatevent.HetoldreportersthatChina'smannedspaceprogramshavemadegreatprogressinmankind'speacefuldevelopmentofouterspace.AndthecountrywillcontinuedevelopinganddeepeningitscommunicationwiththeinternationalcommunitytobuildtheChinesespacestationintoasharedlaboratory.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"deepening"inParagraph5probablymean?A.Increasing.B.Losing. C.Finishing.D.Avoiding.2.Afteraperiodoftestsinspace,thisnewsatellitehasstartedtoworkwithotherBeidousatellitestogether.Itisdesignedtoworkforatleast12years.Sofar,Chinahascompletedthethird-generationnetworkofChina'sBDS.Itwasanewmilestoneinthenation'sspaceresearchwork.Thelaunchshowedourcountryhascompletedourlargestspace-basedsystem.It'soneoffourglobal(全球的)navigationnetworks,includingtheUnitedStates'GPS,Russia'sGLONASSandtheEuropeanUnion'sGalileo.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“milestone”meaninChinese?A.記錄 B.事業 C.里程碑 D.起點Method5上下文"Ehm,thissituationtroublesme.Iwouldneverbreaktherules,butIcan'tmaketheuserunhappy,soI'mdoingwhathewants,"Peppersaidtoitself,layingthenapkinwhereitwasrequiredtobe.ThroughPepper'sinnervoice,theusercanlearnPepperwasfacingadifficultsituationandsolveditbyprioritizingtheuser'sorder.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“prioritizing”inParagraph3mean?A.repeating B.dealingwith...firstC.goingagainst D.complainingabout指代型（內容、定位、核實）NigeriaisahotanddrycountryinAfricawhereelectricityisnotavailabletomanyhomes.Mostpeoplegrowandselltheirowncrops,yetkeepingfruitandvegetablesfreshinthistypeofclimateisarealchallenge.Withoutarefrigerator,mostfreshfoodgoesbadwithinacoupleofdays.Throwingawayspoiledcropsmeanslosingincomeforpoorfamilies.Eatingthebadfoodcausesserioushealthproblems.AlocalteachercalledMohammedBahAbbawasworriedaboutthisproblemanddecidedtofindasolutionforit.Asaboybornintoafamilyofclaypot(陶罐)makers,Mohammedknewthatthesetraditionalclaypotscouldkeepwaterevenwhendry.Inthe1990s,heusedthistraditionalknowledgeandhisunderstandingofbiology,chemistryandgeologytodesignapot-in-potcoolingsystemthatactsas"arefrigeratorinthedesert".Theunderlinedwords"thisproblem"inParagraph3mentionthefactthat_______inNigeria.A.fridgeswerehardtoget B.therewasn'tenoughelectricityC.thereweremorehealthproblems D.foodcouldn'tbekeptfreshforlong四．真題操練：（I）2021南通中考D篇“Youarefirst-rateatskating,andflyingakite,andplayingatballandmarbles,areyounot?”“Yes,father.”“Andyetyoucannotlearnyourlesson!Mydearboy,youaredeceiving(欺騙)yourself.Youcanlearnaswellasanyone,ifyouwillonlytry.”“ButhaveInottried,father?”againurgedGeorge.“Well,tryagain.Come,forthisafternoonlayasidethatkiteyouaremaking,andgiveanotherefforttogetyourlessonready.Beinearnest,andyouwillsoonlearnit.Toshowyouthatitonlyrequiresperseverance,Iwilltellyouastory：“Tryagain,Henry!”Whisperedhiscompanion,inanearnestandencouragingtone.“Thesetwolittlewordsgavehimafreshimpulse...”...andhenowurgeshissonGeorgeto‘tryagain’ashetried.”...“ThenIwilltryagain.”saidGeorge,inadecidedtone;and,flingingasidehishalf-madekite,heturnedandre-enteredthehouse,andwassoonbendinginearnestattentionoverhislesson....“Mayyouneverforgetthislesson,myson!”saidMr.Prentice,“Younowgetthesecretofsuccess.Itliesinneverstoppingtothinkaboutataskbeingdifficultortiresome,butingoingsteadilyon,withafixeddeterminationtosucceed.”42.Themeaningoftheunderlinedword“perseverance”is_____.A.thequalityofcontinuingtryingB.thequalityofbeingbraveenoughC.thinkingaboutwhatwillhappennextD.thinkingaboutwhat'sthebestthingtodo(II)2020南通中考B篇Restingherphoneonastandandmakingthelightmoresuitable,49-year-oldLyuMinstartedherlivestreamingsession—herdailyjobduringtheCOVID-19outbreak.Dressedinaqipao,atraditionalChinesedress,Lyustartedthelivestreamingsessionfromherworkshopat10inthemorning,sharingtheartofmakingChineseknotswithmanyhandicraft(手工藝)lovers.Lyu,aninheritor(繼承人)oftheartofmakingChineseknots,whichislistedasanintangible(非物質)culturalheritage,becamealivestreaminghost.34.Theunderlinedword“livestreaming”inParagraph1iscloseto“_______”.A.sendingoutwhilehappening B.equipmentforrecordingvideosC.sendingoutafterrecording D.equipmentformakinghandicrafts(III)2019南通中考D篇Wewereveryhappythatsummer.Theboyswereespeciallyhappy.TheonlythingthatvexedmewasPerronet’staxmoney,formonthsandmonthswentonandwedidn’tsaveit.Oneday,IfoundDavidalonewithPerronetinhisarms.Hewascrying,andfeedingPerronetwithcake.Ican’tbeartoseeboyscry.IbeggedofDavidtostop,andtoldhimIshouldcertainlythinkofsomething.42.Themeaningoftheunderlinedword“vexed”iscloseto“_________”.A.surprised B.worried C.pleased D.attracted(IV)2018南通中考C篇Don'tLetAnxietyHoldYouBackfromLivingYourDreamsAnxietyisthestateoffeelingnervous，worriedorfearful．Whenyou'reanxious,youmayfeelsomethingbadisgoingtohappen．Whenyouthinkofstartinganewprojectorgoingintoagroupsituationwithpeopleyoudon'tknow,doyoufeelbutterfliesinyourstomach?Doyoucomeupwithlotsofreasonsnottodofunbutriskythingslikejoiningahikingcluboravolunteerorganization?Ifthesehappen,itshowsthatyouareprobablyanxious,andyouranxietywillstopyoufromgoingafteryourdreams．Actually,anxietyfeedsonavoidanceandmakesyoulessconfident,whilegettingstartedandtakingactiontohelpyouranxietygodown.Butwheredoyoubegin?38．Whenyou“feelbutterfliesinyourstomach”，youmayfeel___________A．successfulB．humorous C．lonely D．fearful(V)2017南通中考D篇"Itshot（擊中）thebirdonthehead,andshedroppeddead!""IwassorryassoonasIsawherfall.Butthedeedwasdone.Alldaylonghermateflewabout,andwassosadthathemademyheartache.WhyhadItakenalifesoinnocent(無辜的)andhurtthepoormatesodeeply?"Isaidnothingtotheoldcoupleaboutit.But,throughagrandchild,theyfounditout.Thoughtheyneversaidawordtomeonthematter,theymournedthebirdandburied(埋葬)it.Icouldneverlooktheminthefaceafterwards.Oh,IhadtoldthemhowsorryIwas!42．Theunderlinedword“mournedthebird”inParagraph10means“__________”．A．werenotwillingtothrowthebirdaway B．showedsadnessforthelossof