英語非謂語動詞講解概念：非謂語動詞是指現在分詞,過去分詞、不定式三種形式，即：V-ing,V-ed,todo。當然它們有各自不同的改變形式非謂語動詞的特點：三種非謂語動詞都具有動詞的特征，雖然它們沒有人稱和數的改變，但是它們都能帶自己的狀語或有時跟賓語。它們都有各自的特征：分詞具有形容詞和副詞的特征；動名詞具出名詞的特征；不定式具出名詞、形容詞和副詞的特征。用法：非謂語動詞主語賓語表語后置定語賓語補足語狀語V-ing√√√√√√V-ed√√√todo√√√√√√動詞不定式(todo)變形：todotobedoingtobedonetohavedonetohavebeendonea.明天要來的那個人是我的老師。Theperson(whois)tocometomorrowismyteacher.b.下個月要建的那座橋是由Mary設計的。Thebridge(whichis)tobebuiltisdesignedbyMary.c.媽媽進來的時候他假裝睡著了。Hepretendedtohavealreadysleptwhenhismothercamein.Iamsorrytohavegivenyousomuchtrouble.d.房間好像已經被打掃干凈了。Theroomseemedtohavebeencleaned.e.我給她打電話的時候，她正好在逛街。ShehappenedtobeshoppingwhenIcalledher.否定nottodo先看幾個例句，推斷不定式在句中的成分。1．Tolearnaforeignlanguageisdifficult.2．Hiswishistobeadriver.3．Tomwantedtohaveacupofbeer.4．Theteachertoldustodomorningexercises.5．Ihavenothingtosay.6．Theywenttoseetheiraunt.7．It’seasytoseetheiraunt.8．Idon’tknowwhattodonext.Iheardthemmakeanoise.1.動詞不定式作主語。a.表示一種目的，將要，要去做什么Eg.TolearnEnglishwellisnoteasy.Torealizeyourdreamisnoteasyifyoudon’tworkhard.b.it做形式主語，todo不定式作真正的主語itis\was+adj.(forsb.\ofsb.)todosth動詞不定式邏輯主語是由for作為標記的。但是有時用of.It’snecessaryforyoutostudyhard.It’sfoolishofhimtodoit.及of連用的形容詞有：good,kind,nice,wise,clever,foolish,right,wrong,careful,careless,polite,possible不定式作表語Mydreamistobecomeasinger.Thepurposeoftheprojectistoknowwhyhuman動詞不定式作賓語后接不定式作賓語的動詞有：remain,want,hope,wish,like,begin,try,need,forget,agree,know,promise,teach,refuse,help,arrange,dare,decide,determine,fail,manage,offer,prepare,continue,ask,mean,choose,expectetc.須要賓語補足語的動詞不能用動詞不定式干脆做介詞的賓語，而要用it做形式賓語。sb+think\make\find\feel+it+adj.\n.+todosth.(easy\difficult\hard\necessary\right\wrong\possible\impossible\ashame\apity)Wethinkitimportanttoobeythelaws.4.不定式作定語，應留意兩種關系：1）動賓關系：Hehasalotofmeetingstoattend.Pleaselendmesomethingtowritewith.HeislookingforaroomtoliveHeislookingforaroomtolivein.Hehasnomoneyandnoplacetolive(in).Ithinkthebestwaytotravelisonfoot.Thereisnotimetothink(about).2）主謂關系：Sheisalwaysthelast(person)tospeakatthemeeting.----I’mgoingtothepostoffice,forIhavealettertopost.(邏輯主語是I)-------Thankyou.ButIhavenoletterstobepostednow.(邏輯主語不是I)a.明天要來的那個人是我的老師。Theperson(whois)tocometomorrowismyteacher.b.下個月要建的那座橋是由Mary設計的。Thebridge(whichis)tobebuiltisdesignedbyMary.5.不定式作狀語，可以有以下幾種意義：1）緣由Heisluckytogethereontime.Iamgladtohelpyou.這種結構中常用的形容詞有：happy,glad,delighted,pleased,sorry,eager,anxious.lucky,fortunate,proud,angrysurprised,frightened,disappointed,ready,clever,foolish,worthy2)目的Hecametohelpmewithmymaths.3)結果Ihurriedtogetthere,onlytofindhimout.Therainlastedaweek,causingseverefloodinalotofplaces.Thebookistoohardfortheboytoread.Heisoldenoughtogotoschool.6.不定式作補足語ask\tell\allow\permit\command\request\wishsb.todosthEg.Mymotherallowedmetobuyamobilephonefinally.Theyarebelievedtohavediscussedtheproblem.HeisbelievedtobelivinginMexico.能跟不帶to的不定式作補足語的動詞有：see,feel,hear,listento,lookat,watch,let,havemake,observe,noticeIsawhimplayinthestreetjustnow.注:當這些詞為被動式時，不定式要帶to,如：Hewasseentoplayinthestreetjustnow.7.“to”是不定式符號還是介詞，下列短語中的to都是介詞。agreetosth,objectto,becloseto,cometo(whenitcomestosth\doingsth),leadto,referto,beequalto,befamiliarto,pointto,thankto,bedevotedto,beaccustomedto,beaddictedto,nextto,belongto,beusedtodoing,lookforwardto9．帶to還是不帶toIhavenochoicebuttogiveinIcannotdoanythingbutgiveinIsawhimentertheclassroom.（但是：Hewasseentoentertheclassroom.）二．V-ing及V-ed形式1.變形：doingbeingdonehavingdonehavingbeendoneV-ed2.否定notdoingnotdoneLearningEnglishisverydifficult.學英語特別困難。Hisjobisdrivingabus.他的工作是開車。Ienjoydancing.我喜愛跳舞。Ihavegotusedtolivinginthecountry.我已經習慣了住農村。Takesomesleepingtablets,andyouwillsoonfallasleep.吃點安眠藥，你很快就會入睡。1.做主語1)Seeingisbelieving.Beingabletousecomputersishelpfultoyourfindingajob.2)Itis/wasnouse/nogood\nofun\awasteoftime+doingsth.Eg.Itisnousecryingafteraterribleresult.在壞的結果前哭是沒有用的。2.做賓語只能跟動名詞作賓語的動詞：appreciate,admit,avoid,advise,consider,delay,deny,enjoy,escape,fancy,finish,complete,forbid,imagine,mind,miss,permit.practise,require,suggest,risk,keep,lookforwardto,getdownto,feellike,can’thelp,can’tstand,beusedto,insiston,succeedin,setabout,★下列動詞后跟不定式及跟動名詞作賓語意義有區分，forgettodo…遺忘要做某事forgetdoing…遺忘做了某事remembertodo…記住要做某事rememberdoing…記著做了某事meantodo…有意要做某事meandoing…意味著做了某事regrettodo…對要做的事表示懊悔regretdoing…對做過去的事懊悔can’thelptodo…不能幫助做某事can’thelpdoing…不由自主做某事trytodo…盡力去做某事trydoing試著做某事learntodo…學著去做某事learndoing…學會做某事stoptodo…停下來去做（另一件事）stopdoing…停止做某事goontodo…接著做（另外一件事）goondoing…接著做某事usedtodo…過去做某事beusedtodoing…習慣做某事3.做表語Myjobisteaching.Thestoryisinteresting.區分Thestoryisinteresting.I’minterestedinit.這個故事有愛好，我對這個故事感愛好。V-ingVSV-edV-ing修飾物，令人……V-ed修飾人或者人的表情encouraging\encouragedsurprising\surprisedexciting\excitedpuzzling\puzzledfrightening\frightenedboring\boredanexcitingvoice令人興奮的聲音

anexcitedvoice興奮的聲音apuzzlinglook令人迷惑不解的表情

apuzzledlook困惑的表情4.作定語1)drinkingwater,walkingstickrunningwater,sleepingboy,fallingleaves,boilingwaterfallenleaves,boiledwater2)修飾的n及從句動作之間是主動或者正在進行的關系；被動或完成的關系。Thegirl(whois)talkingwiththeteacherisanewcomer.Theproblembeingdiscussedisquitepuzzling.Theroomcleanedyesterdayisdirtynow.★不定式被動式、分詞的被動式和過去分詞的區分：Ihaveaproblemtobediscussedatthemeetingtomorrow.(將來)ThebuildingbeingbuiltontheriveristheScienceMuseum.（正在進行）Thebuildingcompletedthreeyearsagoisnowinbadconditions.（過去）5.做狀語V-ing,V-ed★分詞作狀語的基本原則分詞作狀語時，分詞的邏輯主語必需及句子的主語保持一樣。分詞作狀語必需和句中主語含有邏輯上的主謂或動賓關系，否則不能運用分詞作狀語。選擇哪個分詞由邏輯主語及從句動作的關系來確定，主動V-ing，被動V-ed分詞做狀語表示時間、緣由、讓步、條件、方式、伴隨等Havingfinishedthehomework,Iwenthome.（時間）從句動作發生于主句動作之前，明顯先后關系BeingaPartymember,Ishouldworkhard.（緣由）Givenmoretime,Icandomyworkbetter.（條件）Heranoutoftheclassroom,shoutingattheboy.（伴隨）Thecupdroppedtotheground,breakingintopieces.(結果)Havingbeentoldmanytimes,hestillrepeatedthesamemistake.(讓步)Iwon’tgotothepartyevenif(Iam)invited.練習：1.Mostofthepeople_____tothepartywerefamousscientists.A.invitedB.toinviteC.beinginvitedD.inviting2.______manytimes,buthestillcouldn’tunderstandit.A.HavingbeingtoldB.ThoughhadbeentoldC.HewastoldD.Havingtold3.TheOlympicGames,_____in776B.C.,didnotincludewomenplaysuntil1912.A.firstplayingB.tobefirstplayedC.firstplayedD.tobefirstplaying4.OnSaturdayafternoon,Mr.Greenwenttothemarket,________somebananasandvisitedhercousin.

A.bought

B.buying

C.tobuy

D.buy6.獨立成分作狀語有些分詞短語，其形式的選擇不受上下文的影響，稱作獨立成分。常見的有：Generallyspeaking…一般說來

Franklyspeaking…坦白地說Judgingfrom…依據……來推斷

Considering…考慮到……Totellyouthetruth…說實話7.做賓語補足語1）感官動詞see\hear\watch\find\noticesb.+do\doing\V-ed2)make+賓語+賓語補足語makesbdosthmakesbdonemakeyourselfunderstood\heard\known3)leave\keep\havesbdoingsth.讓某人保持……狀態4）留意的四種結構：havesomethingtodo有某事要做havesomethingdone使某事被做havesomebodydosomething使某人做某事havesomethingdoing讓某事始終做著1.Thespeakerraisedhisvoice,buthestillcouldn’tmakehimself________.A.hearB.tohearC.hearingD.heard2.Theboywasseen__________ontheriverbankthistimeyesterday.A.toplayB.playedC.playingD.play3.Iwillgototheshoptohavemycomputer______________.A.repairB.repairedC.repairingD.torepair8.須要跟反身代詞作賓語的動詞：seat,prepare,hide,dress如：Iseatedmyselfonthechair.Iwasseatedonthechair.9.動名詞的邏輯主語：動名詞的邏輯主語為代詞或名詞的全部格形式。動名詞的邏輯賓語為代詞或名詞賓格形式例如：His\Tom’scomingmadeusveryhappy.Theteacherwasangryforhis\himnotcomingtoschooltoday.1._______areply,hedecidedtowriteagain.A.NotreceivingB.ReceivingnotC.NothavingreceivedD.Havingnotreceived2.Iwouldappreciate____backthisafternoon.

A.youtocall

B.youcall

C.yourcalling

D.you'recalling10.動名詞主動形式表被動的狀況：need\want\requiredoing\tobedone例如：Thisroomneedspainting\tobepainted.這個房間須要粉刷11．There’ssomedifficulty(in)doing…在此句型中,difficulty可以由以下單詞替換:trouble,problem,fun,pleasure,agoodtime,ahardtime1、 Weoftenprovideourchildrenwithtoys,footballsorbasketball,______thatallchildrenlikethesethings.AthinkingBthinkCtothinkDthought2、 Therehavebeenseveralnewevents______totheprogramforthe2008BeijingOlympicGames.AaddBtoaddCaddingDadded3、 Ican’tstand______withJaneinthesameoffice.Shejustrefuses______talkingwhilesheworks.Aworking;stoppingBtowork;stoppingCworking;tostopDtowork;tostop4、 Agoodstorydoesnotnecessarilyhavetohaveahappyending,butthereadermustnotbeleft______.AunsatisfiedBunsatisfyingCtobesatisfyingDbeingsatisfied5、 Nomatterhowfrequently______,theworksofBeethovenstillattractpeopleallovertheworld.AperformedBperformingCtobeperformedDbeingperformed6、 ______thiscake,you’llneed2eggs,175gsugarand175gflour.AHavingmadeBMakeCTomakeDMaking7、 Ifyouthinkthattreatingawomanwellmeansalways______herpermissionforthings,thinkagain.AgetsBgotCtogetDgetting8、 Asthetwentiethcenturycametoaclose,therawmaterialsforagreatnationalliteraturewereathand,waiting______AtouseBtobeusedCtohaveusedDtobeusing9、 Ittookalongtimefortheconnectionbetweenbodytemperatureandillness______.AtomakeBtobemadeCmakingDbeingmade10、 TheChineseareproudofthe29thOlympicGames______inBeijingin2008.AholdBholdingCheldDtobeheld11、 ______withsomuchtrouble,wefailedtocompletethetaskontime.AFacedBFaceCFacingDToface12、 AIDSissaid______thebiggesthealthchallengetobothmenandwomeninthatareaoverthepastfewyears.AthatitisBtobeCthatithasbeenDtohavebeen13、 Don’tsitthere______nothing.Comeandhelpmewiththistable.AdoBtodoCdoingDanddoing14、 Facedwithabillfor$10,000,______.AJohnhastakenanextrajobBthebosshasgivenJohnanextrajobCanextrajobhasbeentakenDanextrajobhasbeengiventoJohn15、 Hehurriedtothebookingofficeonly______thatalltheticketshadbeensoldout.AtotellBtobetoldCtellingDtold16、 Fivepeoplewonthe“China’sGreenFigure”award,atitle______toordinarypeoplefortheircontributionstoenvironmentalprotection.AbeinggivenBisgivenCgivenDwasgiven17、 Policearenowsearchingforawomanwhoisreportedto______sincethefloodhitthearealastFriday.AhavebeenmissingBhavegotlostCbemissingDgetlost18、 Thebirdflu______throughAsiahasjumpedfrombirdstohumansatleast20timessofar,______16.Asweeps;killedBswept;killingCsweeping;tokillDsweeping;killing19、 Theman______ofshooting6schoolchildrenwascaughtbyBeijingpolice,theXinhuaNewsAg