英語(yǔ)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞講解概念：非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是指現(xiàn)在分詞,過(guò)去分詞、不定式三種形式，即：V-ing,V-ed,todo。當(dāng)然它們有各自不同的改變形式非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的特點(diǎn)：三種非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞都具有動(dòng)詞的特征，雖然它們沒(méi)有人稱和數(shù)的改變，但是它們都能帶自己的狀語(yǔ)或有時(shí)跟賓語(yǔ)。它們都有各自的特征：分詞具有形容詞和副詞的特征；動(dòng)名詞具出名詞的特征；不定式具出名詞、形容詞和副詞的特征。用法：非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞主語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)后置定語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)V-ing√√√√√√V-ed√√√todo√√√√√√動(dòng)詞不定式(todo)變形：todotobedoingtobedonetohavedonetohavebeendonea.明天要來(lái)的那個(gè)人是我的老師。Theperson(whois)tocometomorrowismyteacher.b.下個(gè)月要建的那座橋是由Mary設(shè)計(jì)的。Thebridge(whichis)tobebuiltisdesignedbyMary.c.媽媽進(jìn)來(lái)的時(shí)候他假裝睡著了。Hepretendedtohavealreadysleptwhenhismothercamein.Iamsorrytohavegivenyousomuchtrouble.d.房間好像已經(jīng)被打掃干凈了。Theroomseemedtohavebeencleaned.e.我給她打電話的時(shí)候，她正好在逛街。ShehappenedtobeshoppingwhenIcalledher.否定nottodo先看幾個(gè)例句，推斷不定式在句中的成分。1．Tolearnaforeignlanguageisdifficult.2．Hiswishistobeadriver.3．Tomwantedtohaveacupofbeer.4．Theteachertoldustodomorningexercises.5．Ihavenothingtosay.6．Theywenttoseetheiraunt.7．It’seasytoseetheiraunt.8．Idon’tknowwhattodonext.Iheardthemmakeanoise.1.動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)。a.表示一種目的，將要，要去做什么Eg.TolearnEnglishwellisnoteasy.Torealizeyourdreamisnoteasyifyoudon’tworkhard.b.it做形式主語(yǔ)，todo不定式作真正的主語(yǔ)itis\was+adj.(forsb.\ofsb.)todosth動(dòng)詞不定式邏輯主語(yǔ)是由for作為標(biāo)記的。但是有時(shí)用of.It’snecessaryforyoutostudyhard.It’sfoolishofhimtodoit.及of連用的形容詞有：good,kind,nice,wise,clever,foolish,right,wrong,careful,careless,polite,possible不定式作表語(yǔ)Mydreamistobecomeasinger.Thepurposeoftheprojectistoknowwhyhuman動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)后接不定式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：remain,want,hope,wish,like,begin,try,need,forget,agree,know,promise,teach,refuse,help,arrange,dare,decide,determine,fail,manage,offer,prepare,continue,ask,mean,choose,expectetc.須要賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞不能用動(dòng)詞不定式干脆做介詞的賓語(yǔ)，而要用it做形式賓語(yǔ)。sb+think\make\find\feel+it+adj.\n.+todosth.(easy\difficult\hard\necessary\right\wrong\possible\impossible\ashame\apity)Wethinkitimportanttoobeythelaws.4.不定式作定語(yǔ)，應(yīng)留意兩種關(guān)系：1）動(dòng)賓關(guān)系：Hehasalotofmeetingstoattend.Pleaselendmesomethingtowritewith.HeislookingforaroomtoliveHeislookingforaroomtolivein.Hehasnomoneyandnoplacetolive(in).Ithinkthebestwaytotravelisonfoot.Thereisnotimetothink(about).2）主謂關(guān)系：Sheisalwaysthelast(person)tospeakatthemeeting.----I’mgoingtothepostoffice,forIhavealettertopost.(邏輯主語(yǔ)是I)-------Thankyou.ButIhavenoletterstobepostednow.(邏輯主語(yǔ)不是I)a.明天要來(lái)的那個(gè)人是我的老師。Theperson(whois)tocometomorrowismyteacher.b.下個(gè)月要建的那座橋是由Mary設(shè)計(jì)的。Thebridge(whichis)tobebuiltisdesignedbyMary.5.不定式作狀語(yǔ)，可以有以下幾種意義：1）緣由Heisluckytogethereontime.Iamgladtohelpyou.這種結(jié)構(gòu)中常用的形容詞有：happy,glad,delighted,pleased,sorry,eager,anxious.lucky,fortunate,proud,angrysurprised,frightened,disappointed,ready,clever,foolish,worthy2)目的Hecametohelpmewithmymaths.3)結(jié)果Ihurriedtogetthere,onlytofindhimout.Therainlastedaweek,causingseverefloodinalotofplaces.Thebookistoohardfortheboytoread.Heisoldenoughtogotoschool.6.不定式作補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)ask\tell\allow\permit\command\request\wishsb.todosthEg.Mymotherallowedmetobuyamobilephonefinally.Theyarebelievedtohavediscussedtheproblem.HeisbelievedtobelivinginMexico.能跟不帶to的不定式作補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：see,feel,hear,listento,lookat,watch,let,havemake,observe,noticeIsawhimplayinthestreetjustnow.注:當(dāng)這些詞為被動(dòng)式時(shí)，不定式要帶to,如：Hewasseentoplayinthestreetjustnow.7.“to”是不定式符號(hào)還是介詞，下列短語(yǔ)中的to都是介詞。agreetosth,objectto,becloseto,cometo(whenitcomestosth\doingsth),leadto,referto,beequalto,befamiliarto,pointto,thankto,bedevotedto,beaccustomedto,beaddictedto,nextto,belongto,beusedtodoing,lookforwardto9．帶to還是不帶toIhavenochoicebuttogiveinIcannotdoanythingbutgiveinIsawhimentertheclassroom.（但是：Hewasseentoentertheclassroom.）二．V-ing及V-ed形式1.變形：doingbeingdonehavingdonehavingbeendoneV-ed2.否定notdoingnotdoneLearningEnglishisverydifficult.學(xué)英語(yǔ)特別困難。Hisjobisdrivingabus.他的工作是開(kāi)車。Ienjoydancing.我喜愛(ài)跳舞。Ihavegotusedtolivinginthecountry.我已經(jīng)習(xí)慣了住農(nóng)村。Takesomesleepingtablets,andyouwillsoonfallasleep.吃點(diǎn)安眠藥，你很快就會(huì)入睡。1.做主語(yǔ)1)Seeingisbelieving.Beingabletousecomputersishelpfultoyourfindingajob.2)Itis/wasnouse/nogood\nofun\awasteoftime+doingsth.Eg.Itisnousecryingafteraterribleresult.在壞的結(jié)果前哭是沒(méi)有用的。2.做賓語(yǔ)只能跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞：appreciate,admit,avoid,advise,consider,delay,deny,enjoy,escape,fancy,finish,complete,forbid,imagine,mind,miss,permit.practise,require,suggest,risk,keep,lookforwardto,getdownto,feellike,can’thelp,can’tstand,beusedto,insiston,succeedin,setabout,★下列動(dòng)詞后跟不定式及跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)意義有區(qū)分，forgettodo…遺忘要做某事forgetdoing…遺忘做了某事remembertodo…記住要做某事rememberdoing…記著做了某事meantodo…有意要做某事meandoing…意味著做了某事regrettodo…對(duì)要做的事表示懊悔regretdoing…對(duì)做過(guò)去的事懊悔can’thelptodo…不能幫助做某事can’thelpdoing…不由自主做某事trytodo…盡力去做某事trydoing試著做某事learntodo…學(xué)著去做某事learndoing…學(xué)會(huì)做某事stoptodo…停下來(lái)去做（另一件事）stopdoing…停止做某事goontodo…接著做（另外一件事）goondoing…接著做某事usedtodo…過(guò)去做某事beusedtodoing…習(xí)慣做某事3.做表語(yǔ)Myjobisteaching.Thestoryisinteresting.區(qū)分Thestoryisinteresting.I’minterestedinit.這個(gè)故事有愛(ài)好，我對(duì)這個(gè)故事感愛(ài)好。V-ingVSV-edV-ing修飾物，令人……V-ed修飾人或者人的表情encouraging\encouragedsurprising\surprisedexciting\excitedpuzzling\puzzledfrightening\frightenedboring\boredanexcitingvoice令人興奮的聲音

anexcitedvoice興奮的聲音apuzzlinglook令人迷惑不解的表情

apuzzledlook困惑的表情4.作定語(yǔ)1)drinkingwater,walkingstickrunningwater,sleepingboy,fallingleaves,boilingwaterfallenleaves,boiledwater2)修飾的n及從句動(dòng)作之間是主動(dòng)或者正在進(jìn)行的關(guān)系；被動(dòng)或完成的關(guān)系。Thegirl(whois)talkingwiththeteacherisanewcomer.Theproblembeingdiscussedisquitepuzzling.Theroomcleanedyesterdayisdirtynow.★不定式被動(dòng)式、分詞的被動(dòng)式和過(guò)去分詞的區(qū)分：Ihaveaproblemtobediscussedatthemeetingtomorrow.(將來(lái))ThebuildingbeingbuiltontheriveristheScienceMuseum.（正在進(jìn)行）Thebuildingcompletedthreeyearsagoisnowinbadconditions.（過(guò)去）5.做狀語(yǔ)V-ing,V-ed★分詞作狀語(yǔ)的基本原則分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)必需及句子的主語(yǔ)保持一樣。分詞作狀語(yǔ)必需和句中主語(yǔ)含有邏輯上的主謂或動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，否則不能運(yùn)用分詞作狀語(yǔ)。選擇哪個(gè)分詞由邏輯主語(yǔ)及從句動(dòng)作的關(guān)系來(lái)確定，主動(dòng)V-ing，被動(dòng)V-ed分詞做狀語(yǔ)表示時(shí)間、緣由、讓步、條件、方式、伴隨等Havingfinishedthehomework,Iwenthome.（時(shí)間）從句動(dòng)作發(fā)生于主句動(dòng)作之前，明顯先后關(guān)系BeingaPartymember,Ishouldworkhard.（緣由）Givenmoretime,Icandomyworkbetter.（條件）Heranoutoftheclassroom,shoutingattheboy.（伴隨）Thecupdroppedtotheground,breakingintopieces.(結(jié)果)Havingbeentoldmanytimes,hestillrepeatedthesamemistake.(讓步)Iwon’tgotothepartyevenif(Iam)invited.練習(xí)：1.Mostofthepeople_____tothepartywerefamousscientists.A.invitedB.toinviteC.beinginvitedD.inviting2.______manytimes,buthestillcouldn’tunderstandit.A.HavingbeingtoldB.ThoughhadbeentoldC.HewastoldD.Havingtold3.TheOlympicGames,_____in776B.C.,didnotincludewomenplaysuntil1912.A.firstplayingB.tobefirstplayedC.firstplayedD.tobefirstplaying4.OnSaturdayafternoon,Mr.Greenwenttothemarket,________somebananasandvisitedhercousin.

A.bought

B.buying

C.tobuy

D.buy6.獨(dú)立成分作狀語(yǔ)有些分詞短語(yǔ)，其形式的選擇不受上下文的影響，稱作獨(dú)立成分。常見(jiàn)的有：Generallyspeaking…一般說(shuō)來(lái)

Franklyspeaking…坦白地說(shuō)Judgingfrom…依據(jù)……來(lái)推斷

Considering…考慮到……Totellyouthetruth…說(shuō)實(shí)話7.做賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)1）感官動(dòng)詞see\hear\watch\find\noticesb.+do\doing\V-ed2)make+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)makesbdosthmakesbdonemakeyourselfunderstood\heard\known3)leave\keep\havesbdoingsth.讓某人保持……狀態(tài)4）留意的四種結(jié)構(gòu)：havesomethingtodo有某事要做havesomethingdone使某事被做havesomebodydosomething使某人做某事havesomethingdoing讓某事始終做著1.Thespeakerraisedhisvoice,buthestillcouldn’tmakehimself________.A.hearB.tohearC.hearingD.heard2.Theboywasseen__________ontheriverbankthistimeyesterday.A.toplayB.playedC.playingD.play3.Iwillgototheshoptohavemycomputer______________.A.repairB.repairedC.repairingD.torepair8.須要跟反身代詞作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞：seat,prepare,hide,dress如：Iseatedmyselfonthechair.Iwasseatedonthechair.9.動(dòng)名詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)：動(dòng)名詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)為代詞或名詞的全部格形式。動(dòng)名詞的邏輯賓語(yǔ)為代詞或名詞賓格形式例如：His\Tom’scomingmadeusveryhappy.Theteacherwasangryforhis\himnotcomingtoschooltoday.1._______areply,hedecidedtowriteagain.A.NotreceivingB.ReceivingnotC.NothavingreceivedD.Havingnotreceived2.Iwouldappreciate____backthisafternoon.

A.youtocall

B.youcall

C.yourcalling

D.you'recalling10.動(dòng)名詞主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)的狀況：need\want\requiredoing\tobedone例如：Thisroomneedspainting\tobepainted.這個(gè)房間須要粉刷11．There’ssomedifficulty(in)doing…在此句型中,difficulty可以由以下單詞替換:trouble,problem,fun,pleasure,agoodtime,ahardtime1、 Weoftenprovideourchildrenwithtoys,footballsorbasketball,______thatallchildrenlikethesethings.AthinkingBthinkCtothinkDthought2、 Therehavebeenseveralnewevents______totheprogramforthe2008BeijingOlympicGames.AaddBtoaddCaddingDadded3、 Ican’tstand______withJaneinthesameoffice.Shejustrefuses______talkingwhilesheworks.Aworking;stoppingBtowork;stoppingCworking;tostopDtowork;tostop4、 Agoodstorydoesnotnecessarilyhavetohaveahappyending,butthereadermustnotbeleft______.AunsatisfiedBunsatisfyingCtobesatisfyingDbeingsatisfied5、 Nomatterhowfrequently______,theworksofBeethovenstillattractpeopleallovertheworld.AperformedBperformingCtobeperformedDbeingperformed6、 ______thiscake,you’llneed2eggs,175gsugarand175gflour.AHavingmadeBMakeCTomakeDMaking7、 Ifyouthinkthattreatingawomanwellmeansalways______herpermissionforthings,thinkagain.AgetsBgotCtogetDgetting8、 Asthetwentiethcenturycametoaclose,therawmaterialsforagreatnationalliteraturewereathand,waiting______AtouseBtobeusedCtohaveusedDtobeusing9、 Ittookalongtimefortheconnectionbetweenbodytemperatureandillness______.AtomakeBtobemadeCmakingDbeingmade10、 TheChineseareproudofthe29thOlympicGames______inBeijingin2008.AholdBholdingCheldDtobeheld11、 ______withsomuchtrouble,wefailedtocompletethetaskontime.AFacedBFaceCFacingDToface12、 AIDSissaid______thebiggesthealthchallengetobothmenandwomeninthatareaoverthepastfewyears.AthatitisBtobeCthatithasbeenDtohavebeen13、 Don’tsitthere______nothing.Comeandhelpmewiththistable.AdoBtodoCdoingDanddoing14、 Facedwithabillfor$10,000,______.AJohnhastakenanextrajobBthebosshasgivenJohnanextrajobCanextrajobhasbeentakenDanextrajobhasbeengiventoJohn15、 Hehurriedtothebookingofficeonly______thatalltheticketshadbeensoldout.AtotellBtobetoldCtellingDtold16、 Fivepeoplewonthe“China’sGreenFigure”award,atitle______toordinarypeoplefortheircontributionstoenvironmentalprotection.AbeinggivenBisgivenCgivenDwasgiven17、 Policearenowsearchingforawomanwhoisreportedto______sincethefloodhitthearealastFriday.AhavebeenmissingBhavegotlostCbemissingDgetlost18、 Thebirdflu______throughAsiahasjumpedfrombirdstohumansatleast20timessofar,______16.Asweeps;killedBswept;killingCsweeping;tokillDsweeping;killing19、 Theman______ofshooting6schoolchildrenwascaughtbyBeijingpolice,theXinhuaNewsAg