Unit4GlobalwarmingSectionⅢ—Grammar課后篇鞏固提升一、對畫線部分進行強調1.Hebeganhismedicalresearchafterhegotfinancialhelp.

答案Itwasafterhegotfinancialhelpthathebeganhismedicalresearch.2.Hedidn’tmentionhisownplanuntiltheendoftheletter.

答案Itwasnotuntiltheendoftheletterthathementionedhisownplan.3.Whydidn’tyouattendthebirthdaypartyofyourbestfriend?

答案Whywasitthatyoudidn’tattendthebirthdaypartyofyourbestfriend?4.Theculture,ratherthanthelanguage,madeithardforhimtoadapttothenewenvironmentabroad.

答案Itwastheculture,ratherthanthelanguage,thatmadeithardforhimtoadapttothenewenvironmentabroad.二、閱讀理解Findingfishisgoingtogetharderasclimatechangecontinuestoheattheworld’soceans.Anewstudyfindsthatwarmingseasoverthepast80yearshavereducedthesustainablecatchof124speciesoffishandshellfish.Asustainablecatchreferstotheamountthatcanbeharvestedwithoutdoinglong-termdamagetothehealthofpopulationsofsomespecies.Overfishinghasmadethatdeclineworse,researcherssay.Overfishingreferstocatchingsomanyfishthatthesizeofthepopulationfalls.Insomepartsoftheworld,suchastheheavilyfishedSeaofJapan,thedecreaseisashighas35percent.That’salossofmorethanoneineverythreefish.Researchersexaminedchangesin235populationsoffishandshellfishbetween1930and2010.Thosefishpopulationsspreadfarapartacross38oceanregions.Temperaturechangesvaryfromoneoceansitetoanother.Butonaverageoverthattime,Earth’ssea-surfacetemperatureshaverisenbyabouthalfadegreeCelsius.Onaverage,thatwarminghascausedthesustainablecatchtodropby4.1percent,thestudyfound.About8percentofthefishandshellfishpopulationstheteamstudiedsawlossesasaresultoftheoceanwarming.However,about4percentofsomepopulationsincreased.That’sbecausecertainspecieshavethrivedinwarmerwaters.Oneexampleisakindofblackseafish.ItlivesalongthenortheasternL.S.coast.Aswarmingcontinues,thesefishwillreproducefasteruntiltheyreachtheirlimit.About3.2billionpeopleworldwiderelyonseafoodasasourceoffood.Thatmeansit’surgentforcommercialfishingfleetsandregulatorstoconsiderhowclimatechangeisaffectingthehealthofallofthosefishinthesea.1.Whatdoesthenewstudydiscover?A.Overfishingistoblameforfishhealth.B.Warmingseascausefewerfishandshellfish.C.Seafoodmatterstopeople’shealthworldwide.D.Thelivingregionsoffishandshellfisharedifferent.答案B解析細節理解題。根據第一段第二句“Anewstudyfindsthatwarmingseasoverthepast80yearshavereducedthesustainablecatchof124speciesoffishandshellfish.”可知,新的研究發現,海水升溫導致魚類和水生有殼動物減少。故選B項。2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“thrived”inParagraph4probablymean?A.Survivednarrowly. B.Disappearedsoon.C.Decreasedsharply. D.Developedquickly.答案D解析詞義猜測題。根據畫線詞下文“Oneexample...Aswarmingcontinues,thesefishwillreproducefasteruntiltheyreachtheirlimit.”可知,隨著升溫繼續,這些魚將快速繁殖直到它們的極限,據此可推知,畫線詞的含義與“reproducefaster”相近,故選D項。3.Whatdoweknowaboutspeciesoffishandshellfish?A.About8percentofthemsufferedfromagreatloss.B.About35percentofthemsurvivedintheSeaofJapan.C.About3.2billionspecieshavebeensaveduptonow.D.About80specieshavediedoutbecauseofwarmingseas.答案A解析細節理解題。根據第四段第二句“About8percentofthefishandshellfishpopulationstheteamstudiedsawlossesasaresultoftheoceanwarming.”可知,大約8%的魚類和水生有殼動物數量上遭受了重大損失。故選A項。根據第二段第三句“Insomeparts...thedecreaseisashighas35percent.”可知,B項表述錯誤;根據第五段第一句“About3.2billionpeopleworldwiderelyonseafoodasasourceoffood.”可知,C項表述錯誤;文章沒有提到D項所表述的內容。4.Fromwhichisthetextprobablytaken?A.Acookingguide. B.Asciencemagazine.C.Anewsreview. D.Ahealthbrochure.答案B解析推理判斷題。通讀全文可知,一項最新研究顯示,隨著海洋變暖,魚類和水生有殼動物的數量正在減少。這在一定程度上影響了漁業的產量和這些生物的健康。由此可推知,本文屬于科學類文章。故選B項。三、七選五閱讀理解WorldEnvironmentDay:Eco-friendlyfashiontipsJune5sawanotherWorldEnvironmentDay.Yetenvironmentalprotectionoughttobeaneverydayactivity.Itshouldn’tbesomethingonlyrememberedasaslogan.Savingwaterandusingpublictransportationcanhelpbenefitourfuturegenerationsinthelongrun.1Followthesetips:

BuylessManypeopletakeshopping,orbuyingthingsthatarenotnecessary,asawaytoreleasepressure.Andnowadays,almosteveryonebuysmoreclothesthanneeded.2Unnecessaryshoppingcouldbecomeanothersourceofpressuretobothyourfinancesandtheenvironment.

3

Naturalmaterialisgoodfornotonlytheenvironment,butalsothemindandbody.Thefeelingofwearingapolyester(聚酯纖維)shirtandanorganiccottonshirtistotallydifferent,especiallyinthehotsummer.UsenaturalcleanserWashingpowderwillpollutethewaterandharmyourclothes.Tryanaturalcleanser.Itcancleanyourclothesthoroughlywithoutdoinganyharmtoeithertheenvironmentoryourskin.4

Drycleaningwillcausealotofdamagetotheenvironment.Babyshampoocancleanthesedelicatetextilesaswell.Smartshopping5It’strueespeciallyforthoseyouonlywearonspecialoccasions.Andthereareservicesforrentingclothes,whichcanalsohelpyousavemoneyandprotecttheenvironment.

A.Choosenaturallydyedproducts.B.Choosenaturalandorganicmaterial.C.Secondhandclothescanbeasmarterchoice.D.Findabetterandhealthierwaytoreleasepressure.E.Reducethetimesyoudry-cleanpurewoolenandsilkitems.F.Yourwardrobecouldalsobemoreenvironmentallyfriendlytoo.G.Ifyoustillcan’tchangeoldshoppinghabits,trytobuylessfurproducts.答案1~5FDBEC四、完形填空(2019全國Ⅰ)Everyyearabout40,000peopleattempttoclimbKilimanjaro,thehighestmountaininAfrica.They1withthemlotsofwaste.The2mightdamagethebeautyoftheplace.Theglaciers(冰川)aredisappearing,changingthe3ofKilimanjaro.

Hearingthesestories,I’m4abouttheplace—otherdestinationsaredescribedas“purer”naturalexperiences.

However,Isoon5thatmuchhaschangedsincethedaysofdisturbingreportsof6amongtonsofrubbish.Ifinda7mountain,withtoiletsatcampsandalongthepaths.Theenvironmentalchallengesare8buttheeffortsmadebytheTanzaniaNationalParkAuthorityseemtobe9.

ThebestofaKilimanjaro10,inmyopinion,isn’treachingthetop.Mountainsare11asspiritualplacesbymanycultures.This12isespeciallyevidentonKilimanjaroas13gothroughfiveecosystems(生態系統)inthespaceofafewkilometers.Atthebaseisarainforest.Itendsabruptlyat3,000meters,14landsoflowgrowingplants.Furtherup,theweather15—lowcloudsenvelopethemountainsides,whicharecoveredwiththickgrass.I16twelveshadesofgreenfromwhereIstand.Above4,000metersisthehighland17:gravel(礫石),stonesandrocks.18youclimbintoanarctic-likezonewith19snowandtheglaciersthatmaysoondisappear.

DoesKilimanjaro20itsreputationasacrowdedmountainwithlinesoftouristsruiningtheatmosphereofpeace?Ifoundtheoppositetobetrue.

1.A.keepB.mixC.connect D.bring答案D解析由上文“每年大約有四萬人試圖攀爬乞力馬扎羅山”和下文“或許會破壞它的美感”可知,眾多的登山者帶來了許多垃圾。bringwith“帶來”。故選D項。2.A.stories B.buildingsC.crowds D.reporters答案C解析由上文可知,每年約四萬人攀爬乞力馬扎羅山,擁擠的人群(及所帶來的垃圾)或許會影響它的美感。crowds“擁擠的人群”。故選C項。3.A.position B.ageC.face D.name答案C解析句意:冰川正在消融,改變著乞力馬扎羅山的面貌。face“面貌”;position“位置”;age“年齡”;name“名字”。故選C項。4.A.silent B.skepticalC.serious D.crazy答案B解析根據上文講述的乞力馬扎羅山的氣候環境變化和下文的“其他旅游景點被描述得更加純凈天然”可知,此處意為聽完這些故事,“我”對乞力馬扎羅山的自然美景持懷疑態度。skeptical“懷疑的”;silent“沉默的”;serious“嚴肅的”;crazy“瘋狂的”。故選B項。5.A.discover B.argueC.decide D.advocate答案A解析根據句首However表示轉折可知,與前面的描述不同,作者不久發現了乞力馬扎羅山的美,故選A項。discover“發現”;argue“爭論”;decide“決定”;advocate“擁護”。6.A.equipment B.grassC.camps D.stones答案C解析此處指的是自從乞力馬扎羅山上營地周圍成噸垃圾的報道后,情況發生了許多變化。下文又接著講述作者在營地和道路上看到了廁所,由此推知,上文中提到的報道指的是以前的營地是坐落在垃圾堆中的,現在干凈了許多。camp“營地”;equipment“裝備”;grass“草”;stone“石頭”。故選C項。7.A.remote B.quietC.tall D.clean答案D解析本句提到作者在營地和道路旁邊看到了許多廁所,與在報道中出現的垃圾堆中的營地截然不同,干凈衛生。故選D項。8.A.new B.specialC.significant D.necessary答案C解析前文提到了作者擔心乞力馬扎羅山面臨的嚴峻的環境問題會毀壞它在人們心目中的美的形象。此處指的是面臨的環境考驗是很重要的(significant)。故選C項。9.A.payingoff B.spreadingoutC.blowingup D.fadingaway答案A解析本句but表示轉折關系,雖然環境面臨著考驗,坦桑尼亞國家公園管理局做出的努力似乎挺奏效。payoff“成功;奏效;達到目的”;spreadout“展開;鋪開”;blowup“爆炸”;fadeaway“逐漸消失”。故選A項。10.A.atmosphere B.experienceC.experiment D.sight答案B解析由上文第二段中的“...otherdestinationsaredescribedas‘purer’naturalexperiences.”可知此空填experience。句意:在我看來,攀登乞力馬扎羅山的最佳體驗并不僅僅在于到達頂峰。11.A.studied B.observedC.explored D.regarded答案D解析由下文可知,乞力馬扎羅山的很多山脈被許多文化視為精神家園。beregardedas...“被視為……”。故選D項。12.A.view B.qualityC.reason D.purpose答案A解析本句進一步解釋上句內容,為什么乞力馬扎羅山的很多山脈被許多文化視為精神家園。隨著人們在幾千米的空間內穿過五種生態系統,這種“觀點”尤其明顯。故選A項。13.A.scientists B.climbersC.locals D.officials答案B解析此處指攀登者可以在幾千米的空間內穿過五種生態系統。climber“攀登者”;scientist“科學家”;local“當地人,本地人”;official“官員”。故選B項。14.A.holdingonto B.goingbacktoC.livingupto D.givingwayto答案D解析上文講到山腳處是雨林,它在3000米的地方突然結束。“讓位”給矮生植物。givewayto“給……讓位”;holdonto“堅持”;gobackto“返回”;liveupto“達到”。故選D項。15.A.changes B.clearsC.improves D.permits答案A解析由上文可知,有五種生態系統,所以再往上氣候又有變化。故選A項。16.A.match B.imagineC.count D.add答案C解析由上文可知,低云壓山,茂密的草叢覆蓋著山腰,本句則為從作者所站之處望去可以數到12種濃淡深淺的綠色。故選C項。17.A.village B.desertC.road D.lake答案B解析此處指的是4000米以上為高原沙漠環境。根據下文的礫石、石頭和巖石可知為類沙漠環境的描述。desert“沙漠”;village“村莊”;road“道路”;lake“湖泊”。故選B項。18.A.Obviously B.EasilyC.Consequently D.Finally答案D解析由上文可知,作者已經講了四種生態系統:rainforest,lowgrowingplants,thickgrass,highlanddesert,還有最后的也是最冷的arctic-likezone(類北極地帶),故選D項。19.A.permanent B.littleC.fresh D.artificial答案A解析本句意為“類北極地帶上方有永久的積雪和冰川,但它們可能不久后會融化”。permanent“永久的”;little“小的”;fresh“新鮮的”;artificial“人造的”。故選A項。20.A.enjoy B.deserveC.save D.acquire答案B解析文章最后作者發出感慨:一個人滿為患,破壞了原有寧靜的乞力馬扎羅山還能名副其實嗎?“我”發現恰恰相反。故選B項。五、語篇填空HouseholdgarbagesortingandrecyclinghavebecomeahottopicinShanghaibecauseofChina’sfirstcompulsorygarbage-separationlaw1everyhouseholdandinstitutionshallclassifywasteintofour2(category).Thosewhofailtosortgarbagemay3(fine)upto200yuan.

Previously,everythingwentintoonebin,sothischangehasmademanypeoplevery4(worry),whosaidtheywerestrugglingtomasterthedetailsquickly.

Nowthankstotheeffortsof5numberofyoungprogrammers,discoveringtheproperclassificationforeachpieceofhouseholdwastehasbecomeassimpleastakingaphoto6callingsomeoneusingyoursmartphone.

Theyhaveappliedspeechandimagerecognitiontechnologies7