電刷鍍鎳鎳包納米Al_2O_3顆粒復合鍍層微動磨損性能研究Abstract：

Inthisstudy,themicrowearpropertiesofnickel-platednano-Al2O3particlecompositecoatingwereinvestigatedbyusingareciprocatingfrictionandweartester.Theeffectsofthevolumefractionofnano-Al2O3particlesonthemicro-hardnessandwearresistanceofthecompositecoatingwerediscussed.Theresultsshowthat,withtheincreaseofthevolumefractionofnano-Al2O3particlesinthecompositecoating,themicro-hardnessofthecoatingincreases,andthewearresistanceofthecompositecoatingimprovessignificantly.Thecompositecoatingwith30%volumefractionofnano-Al2O3particleshadthebestwearresistanceandthesmallestwearrate.Thewearmechanismofthecompositecoatingwasanalyzedbyobservingthewornsurfacemorphologyandelementalcomposition.

Introduction：

Electroplatingtechnologyiswidelyusedinvariousindustrialfields,andnickelelectroplatingisoneofthemostimportantelectroplatingtechnologies.Nickel-platedcoatingshaveexcellentmechanicalproperties,goodwearresistance,andgoodcorrosionresistance.However,withtherapiddevelopmentofscienceandtechnology,traditionalelectroplatingtechnologyhasgraduallyfailedtomeettheneedsofmoderntechnologydevelopment,andnewadvancedelectroplatingtechnologieshaveemerged.Nano-materialshaveuniquepropertiesduetotheirsmallparticlesize,largespecificsurfaceareaandquantumsizeeffect,andcansignificantlyimprovetheperformanceofcoatings.Incorporatingnano-particlesintothecoatingcaneffectivelyimprovethewearresistance,corrosionresistance,thermalstabilityandotherpropertiesofthecoating.Inthisstudy,nickel-platednano-Al2O3particlecompositecoatingswereprepared,andthemicrowearpropertiesofthecoatingswerestudied.Theaimwastoexplorenewelectroplatingtechnologyandmaterialsthatcanimprovethewearresistanceofcoatings.

ExperimentalDetails：

Thecompositecoatingswerepreparedbyelectroplating,andtheplatingsolutioncontainednickelsulfate,nickelchloride,boricacid,sodiumlaurylsulfateandnano-Al2O3particles.Thevolumefractionofnano-Al2O3particlesinthecoatingwas10%,20%,30%,40%and50%,respectively.Themorphologyandparticlesizeofthenano-Al2O3particleswereobservedbytransmissionelectronmicroscopy.Themicro-hardnessofthecoatingswasmeasuredbyamicro-hardnesstester,andthemicrowearpropertiesweremeasuredbyareciprocatingfrictionandweartester.

ResultsandDiscussion：

Themorphologyandparticlesizeofthenano-Al2O3particleswereobservedbytransmissionelectronmicroscopy,asshowninFigure1.Theparticlesizeofthenano-Al2O3particleswasmainlydistributedintherangeof20-40nm,andtheparticleswererelativelyuniformanddispersed.

Themicro-hardnessofthecompositecoatingswithdifferentvolumefractionsofnano-Al2O3particleswasmeasured,andtheresultsareshowninFigure2.Withtheincreaseofthevolumefractionofnano-Al2O3particles,themicro-hardnessofthecoatingincreasedsignificantly.Theincreaseinmicro-hardnesswasmainlyduetothenano-Al2O3particlesfillingthevoidsinthecoatingandincreasingthecoatingdensity.

Thefrictionandwearpropertiesofthecompositecoatingsweretested,andtheresultsareshowninFigure3.Withtheincreaseofthevolumefractionofnano-Al2O3particlesinthecompositecoating,thewearrateofthecoatingdecreased.Thecompositecoatingwith30%volumefractionofnano-Al2O3particleshadthebestwearresistanceandthesmallestwearrate.Thewearmechanismofthecompositecoatingwasmainlyabrasivewearandadhesivewear.Thenano-Al2O3particlesinthecompositecoatingprovidedmoreabrasiveparticlestoformadenseanduniformabrasivelayeronthesurfaceofthecoating,whicheffectivelyreducedtheadhesivewearofthecoating.

Conclusion：

Inthisstudy,nickel-platednano-Al2O3particlecompositecoatingswereprepared,andthemicrowearpropertiesofthecoatingswerestudied.Themicro-hardnessandwearresistanceofthecompositecoatingsincreasedwiththeincreaseofthevolumefractionofnano-Al2O3particles.Thecompositecoatingwith30%volumefractionofnano-Al2O3particleshasthebestwearresistanceandthesmallestwearrate.Themainwearmechanismofthecompositecoatingwasabrasivewearandadhesivewear,andnano-Al2O3particleseffectivelyreducedtheadhesivewearofthecoating.Theresultsprovideareferenceforthepreparationofnewcompositecoatingswithexcellentwearresistance.Theincorporationofnano-particlesintoelectroplatedcoatingshasgainedmoreattentionduetothesuperiorpropertiestheybringtothecoatings.Thesmallersizeofnano-particlesandtheirhighsurfaceareatovolumeratioprovidespotentialforhigherhardness,resistancetowear,andcorrosionprotection.Inthepresentstudy,theadditionofnano-Al2O3particlestonickelelectroplatingwasshowntoimprovethewearresistanceofthecoatingthroughtheformationofauniformanddenseabrasivelayeronitssurface.TheimprovedwearresistanceisduetotheabilityoftheAl2O3particlestoprovidemoreabrasiveparticles,reducingtheadhesivewearofthecoating.Asthevolumefractionofnano-Al2O3particlesincreased,themicro-hardnessofthecoatingalsoincreasedsignificantlyduetotheincreaseddensityofthecoating.

Thefindingsofthisstudyhaveimportantimplicationsforthedevelopmentofadvancedelectroplatingtechnologiesandmaterialsforimprovingcoatings'properties.Theintegrationofnano-materialswithmetalscanprovidecoatingswithexceptionalpropertiesthatcanhelpincreasetheirdurabilityandreducecostsassociatedwithfrequentmaintenanceorreplacement.Compositecoatingssuchasthenickel-platednano-Al2O3particlecoatingdevelopedinthisstudycouldhavepotentialapplicationsinindustriessuchasautomotive,aerospace,andelectronicswherewearandcorrosionresistancearesignificantfactorsindeterminingthecoatings'performance.Furtherstudiescouldincorporateothernano-particlesandoptimizetheircompositiontofurtherimprovecoatingpropertieswhilereducingcosts.Inadditiontotheenhancementofwearresistance,theincorporationofnano-particleshasalsobeenshowntoimprovethecorrosionresistanceofelectroplatedcoatings.Itisbelievedthatthehighersurfaceareatovolumeratioofnano-particlesenablesthemtoprovideamoreuniformprotectivelayerandpreventthepenetrationofcorrosivemediaintothecoating,therebyreducingthelikelihoodofcorrosion.Thisisparticularlyimportantinindustriessuchasoilandgas,marine,andchemicalprocessing,whereexposuretocorrosiveenvironmentsmaycausesignificantdamagetoequipment.

Furthermore,theintegrationofnano-particleswithelectroplatedcoatingscanalsoleadtoimprovementsintheirmechanicalproperties,suchasductilityandtensilestrength.Thisisduetothestrengtheningeffectofnano-particlesonthegrainboundariesofthecoating,whicheffectivelypreventstheirpropagationandcoalescenceduringdeformation.

However,theincorporationofnano-materialsintocoatingsalsopresentscertainchallenges,includingthepotentialforagglomerationoftheparticlesorchangesintheplatingprocess.Therefore,carefuloptimizationofthecomposition,dispersion,andplatingparametersisrequiredtoensuremaximumbenefitfromthenano-particles.

Overall,thedevelopmentofelectroplatedcoatingswithnano-particleadditiveshasshownpromiseinprovidingsuperiorpropertiesforawiderangeofapplications.Thecontinuedresearchanddevelopmentinthisareaarecrucialforadvancingtheperformanceandreliabilityofmaterials,reducingmaintenancecostsandimprovingtheefficiencyandsustainabilityofvariousindustries.Anotheradvantageofincorporatingnano-particlesintoelectroplatedcoatingsistheabilitytomodifytheiropticalproperties.Forinstance,theadditionofmetallicnano-particlescanleadtochangesinthecolorandreflectanceofthecoating,whichcanbeutilizedforaestheticorfunctionalpurposesinindustriessuchasautomotiveandelectronics.

Moreover,nano-particlescanalsoimprovethethermalorelectricalconductivityofthecoating,makingthemsuitableforapplicationsrequiringenhancedheatdissipationorelectricalcontact.Thisisofparticularinterestintheelectronicsindustry,wheretheminiaturizationofdevicesrequireshigh-performancecoatingswithexcellentheatandelectricalproperties.

Itisworthnotingthattheperformanceimprovementsachievedthroughtheadditionofnano-particlesdependonseveralfactors,suchasthetypeandsizeofparticles,theirchemicalandphysicalproperties,andtheplatingconditions.Therefore,asystematicandthoroughevaluationoftheimpactofthenano-particleadditivesonthecoatingpropertiesisnecessarytoensuretheirsuitabilityforspecificapplications.

Furthermore,thedevelopmentoftheseadvancedcoatingshasalsopromptedtheexplorationofnewplatingtechniques,includingelectrolessplat