本文格式為Word版，下載可任意編輯——國際經濟學題庫答案(孫銥090621)

孫銥Wednesday,January14,2023

E.Noneoftheabove.Answer:B

39.Internationaltradebasedonexternalscaleeconomiesinbothcountriesislikelytobecarriedoutbya

A.relativelylargenumberofpricecompetingfirms.（相對大量的價格競爭者）B.relativelysmallnumberofpricecompetingfirms.C.relativelysmallnumberofcompetingoligopolists.D.monopolyfirmsineachcountry/industry.E.Noneoftheabove.Answer:A

40.Amonopolyfirmengagedininternationaltradewill（選擇最長的）

A.equateaveragetolocalcosts.

B.equatemarginalcostswithforeignmarginalrevenues.

C.equatemarginalcostswiththehighestpricethemarketwillbear.

D.equatemarginalcostswithmarginalrevenuesinbothdomesticandinforeignmarkets.

E.Noneoftheabove.Answer:D

41.Inindustriesinwhichtherearescaleeconomies,thevarietyofgoodsthatacountrycanproduceisconstrainedbyA.thesizeofthelaborforce.B.anti-trustlegislationC.thesizeofthemarket.D.thefixedcost.E.Noneoftheabove.Answer:C

42.Historyandaccidentdeterminethedetailsoftradeinvolving

A.RicardianandClassicalcomparativeadvantage.B.Heckscher-Ohlinmodelconsideration.C.tastereversals.D.scaleeconomies.E.Noneoftheabove.Answer:D

43.IftheworldattainedaperfectHeckscher-Ohlinmodelequilibriumwithtrade,then

A.workersinthelaborabundantcountrywouldmigratetothecapitalabundantcountry.

B.workersinthelaborabundantcountrywouldwishtomigratetothecapitalabundantcountry.

C.workersinthelaborabundantcountrywouldhavenodesiretomigratetothecapitalabundantcountry.（在本國他們會得利當然不會遷徙）

D.workersinthecapitalabundantcountrywouldwishtomigratetothelaborabundantcountry.

E.workersinthecapitalabundantcountrywouldmigratetothelaborabundant

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country.Answer:C

44.Internationalborrowingandlendingmaybeinterpretedasoneformof

A.Intermediatetrade.B.inter-temporaltrade.C.tradeinservices.

D.unrequitedinternationaltransfers.E.Noneoftheabove.Answer:B

45.Acountrythathasacomparativeadvantageinfutureproductionofconsumptiongoods

A.willtendtobeaninternationalborrower.B.willtendtohavelowrealinterestrates.

C.willtendtobeaninternationalinvestororlender.D.willtendtohavegoodworkethics.E.Noneoftheabove.Answer:A

46.Internationallabormobility

A.leadstowageconvergencebyraisingwagesindestinationcountryandloweringinsourcecountry.

B.isinaccordancewiththespecificfactorsmodel

C.isinaccordancewiththeHeckscher-Ohlinfactorproportionsmodel.

D.leadstowageconvergencebyraisingwagesinsourceandloweringthemindestinationcountry.（工資稅平趨于一致）E.isinaccordancewithscaleeconomymodel.Answer:D

47.Inpractice,internationallabormobilityis

A.acompletecomplementtotradeflows.B.apartialcomplementtotradeflows.C.acompletesubstitutefortradeflows.

D.apartialsubstitutefortradeflows.（部分替代貿易滾動）E.Noneoftheabove.Answer:D

48.IfoneobservesthatJapanwastraditionallyanetforeignlender,onecouldconcludethatrelativetoitsinternationaltradeandfinancialpartners

A.Japan'sinter-temporalproductionpossibilitiesarebiasedtowardfutureconsumption.

B.Japan'sinter-temporalproductionpossibilitiesarelargerthanthatoftheothercountries.

C.Japan'sinter-temporalproductionpossibilitiesarebiasedtowardpresentconsumption.（生產可能性曲線偏向于當期的消費）

D.Japan'sinter-temporalproductionpossibilitiesarenotbiased.E.Noneoftheabove.

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Answer:C

49.Ifagoodisimportedinto(large)countryHfromcountryF,thentheimpositionofatariffincountryHinthepresenceoftheMetzlerParadox,

A.raisesthepriceofthegoodinbothcountries(the\B.raisesthepriceincountryHandcannotaffectitspriceincountryF.C.lowersthepriceofthegoodinbothcountries.（降低各國的價格）D.lowersthepriceofthegoodinHandcouldraiseitinF.E.raisesthepriceofthegoodinHandlowersitinF.Answer:C

50.Theeffectiverateofprotectionmeasures（有效保護率）

A.the\B.thequotaequivalentvalueofatariff.

C.theefficiencywithwhichthetariffiscollectedatthecustomhouse.D.theprotectiongivenbythetarifftodomesticvalueadded.E.Noneoftheabove.Answer:D

51.Whenagovernmentallowsrawmaterialsandotherintermediateproductstoenteracountrydutyfree,thisgenerallyresultsina(an)

A.effectivetariffratelessthanthenominaltariffrate.

B.nominaltariffratelessthantheeffectivetariffrate.（名義稅率小于實際稅率）C.riseinbothnominalandeffectivetariffrates.D.fallinbothnominalandeffectivetariffrates.E.Noneoftheabove.Answer:B

52.Themainredistributioneffectofatariffisthetransferofincomefrom（在分派效應

與收入轉移）

A.domesticproducerstodomesticbuyers.

B.domesticbuyerstodomesticproducers.（有本國消費者向生產者轉移）C.domesticproducerstodomesticgovernment.D.domesticgovernmenttodomesticconsumers.E.Noneoftheabove.Answer:B

53.Thedeadweightlossofatariff

A.isasociallossbecauseitpromotesinefficientuseofnationalresources.（社會

資源的無效利用）

B.isasociallossbecauseitreducestherevenueofthegovernment.

C.isnotasociallossbecauseitmerelyredistributesrevenuefromonesectortoanother.

D.isnotasociallossbacuaseitispaidforbyrichcorporations.E.Noneoftheabove.Answer:A

54.Themostvocalpoliticalpressurefortariffsisgenerallymadeby

A.consumerslobbyingforexporttariffs.B.consumerslobbyingforimporttariffs.

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C.consumerslobbyingforlowerimporttariffs.D.producerslobbyingforexporttariffs.

E.producerslobbyingforimporttariffs.（生產者游說政府制定進口關稅）

Answer:E

55.Thefactthatindustrializedcountrieslevyverylowornotariffonrawmaterialsandsemiprocessedgoods

A.helpsdevelopingcountriesexportmanufacturedproducts.B.hasnoeffectondevelopingcountryexports.

C.hurtsdevelopingcountryeffortstoexportmanufacturedgoods.D.hurtsdevelopingcountryeffortstoexportrawmaterials.E.Noneoftheabove.Answer:C

56.AnOptimalTariffisconsideredunlikelytobeobservedintherealworldbecauseof

A.TheMetzlerParadox.

B.itispracticallyimpossibletodefineoptimalityintradepolicyterms.C.thelikelihoodofforeignrepercussions.

D.realcountriesareconsideredtobe\E.Noneoftheabove.Answer:C

57.Theoptimumtariffismostlikelytoapplyto

A.asmalltariffimposedbyasmallcountry.

B.asmalltariffimposedbyalargecountry.（大國，小關稅）C.alargetariffimposedbyasmallcountry.D.alargetariffimposedbyalargecountry.E.Noneoftheabove.Answer:B

58.Theexistenceofmarginalsocialbenefitswhicharenotmarginalbenefitsfortheindustryproducingtheimportsubstitutes

A.isanargumentsupportingfreetradeandnon-governmentalinvolvement.B.isanargumentsupportingtheuseofanoptimumtariff.

C.isanargumentsupportingtheuseofmarketfailuresasatrade-policystrategy.Disanargumentrejectingfreetradeandsupportinggovernmentalinvolvement

(干預)

D.Noneoftheabove.Answer:D

59.Thedomesticmarketfailureargumentisaparticularcaseofthetheoryof

A.theoptimum,orfirst-best.

B.thesecondbest.（次優選擇）C.thethirdbest.

D.thesufficingprinciple.E.Noneoftheabove.Answer:B

60.Themedianvotermodel

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A.workswellintheareaoftradepolicy.B.isnotintuitivelyreasonable.

C.tendstoresultinbiasedtariffrates.

D.doesnotworkwellintheareaoftradepolicy.E.Noneoftheabove.

Answer:D

61.Thefactthattradepolicyoftenimposesharmonlargenumbersofpeople,andbenefitsonlyafewmaybeexplainedby

A.thelackofpoliticalinvolvementofthepublic.B.thepowerofadvertisement.

C.theproblemofcollectiveaction.（集體行動的困難）

D.thebasicimpossibilityofthedemocraticsystemtoreachafairsolution.E.Noneoftheabove.Answer:C

62.Atradepolicydesignedtoalleviatesomedomesticeconomicproblembyexportingittoforeigncountriesisknowasa(n)A.internationaldumpingpolicy.

B.Countervailing（報復性的）tariffpolicy.

C.beggarthyneighborpolicy.（以鄰為壑的政策）D.tradeadjustmentassistancepolicy.E.Noneoftheabove.Answer:C

63.CountervailingdutiesareintendedtoneutralizeanyunfairadvantagethatforeignexportersmightgainbecauseofforeignA.tariffs.B.subsidies.C.quotas.

D.Local-ContentlegislationE.Noneoftheabove.Answer:B

64.Exportembargoescausegreaterlossestoconsumersurplusinthetargetcountry

A.thelesseritsinitialdependenceonforeignproducedgoods.B.themoreelasticisthetargetcountry'sdemandschedule.C.themoreelasticisthetargetcountry'sdomesticsupply.

D.themoreinelasticthetargetcountry'ssupply.（目標國的供給缺乏彈性）E.Noneoftheabove.Answer:D

65.TheWorldTradeOrganizationprovidesforallofthefollowingexcept

A.theusageofthemostfavorednationclause.

B.assistanceinthesettlementoftradedisagreements.C.bilateraltariffreductions.（雙邊關稅減讓）D.multilateraltariffreductions.E.Noneoftheabove.Answer:C

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w/w*>a*LW/aLW[由于a*LCw*>aLCw,所以a*LC/aLC>w/w*;由于a*LWw*a*LW/aLW]

2.JapaneselaborproductivityisroughlythesameasthatoftheUnitedStatesinthemanufacturingsector(higherinsomeindustries,lowerinothers),whiletheUnitedStatesisstillconsiderablymoreproductiveintheservicesector.Butmostservicesarenontrade.SomeanalystshavearguedthatthisposesaproblemfortheUnitedStates,becauseitscomparativeadvantageliesinthingsitcannotsellonworldmarkets.Whatiswrongwiththisargument?Answer:

Todeterminecomparativeadvantageneedforallfourunitlaborrequirements(forboththemanufactureandtheservicesectors)

*a?aLCLC·isanabsoluteadvantageinservice,thisisneitheranecessarynora

sufficientconditionfordeterminingcomparativeadvantage.

·Thecompetitiveadvantagedependsonbothrelativeproductivityandrelativewages.

②Tradeexpandsconsumptionpossibilities

Figure2-4TradeExpandsConsumption

Possibilities

⑵Yes,becausewhateverthetrademodelis,resourcesareadmittedtobeusedinproducinggoodswhichiscandowithrelativelymoresufficiency,Byproducingwhattheyarerelativemoreefficientinandtradeforothergoodstheycangetmorethanjustproducingtheothergoodsthemselves.

4.Thepropositionthattradeisbeneficialisunqualified.Thatis,thereisnorequirementthatacountrybe“competitive〞orthatthetradebe“fair〞.Answer:

(1).Productivityandcompetitiveness

·Thegainsfromtradedependoncomparativeadvantageratherthanabsoluteadvantage.

·Thecompetitiveadvantageofanindustrydependonrelativelaborproductivityandrelativewage.

·Absoluteadvantage:neitheranecessarynorasufficientconditionforcomparativeadvantage(orforthegainsfromtrade).(2).Thepauperlaborargument

·Whetherthelowercostofforeignexportgoodsisduetohighproductivityorlowwagesdoesnotmatter.Allthatmattertohomeisthatitismoreefficientto

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“produce〞thosegoodsindirectlythantoproducedirectly.(3).Exploitation

·ifitrefusetotrade,realwageswouldbeevenlower

5.“Freetradeisbeneficialonlyifyourcountryisstrongenoughtostanduptoforeig