1996年入學(xué)統(tǒng)一考試英語試Section StructureandPartBeneatheachofthefollowingsentences,therearefourchoicesmarked[A],[B],[C]and[D].Choosetheonethatbestcompletesthesentence.MarkyouranswerontheANSWERSHEET1byblackeningthecorrespondingletterinthebrackets.(5Doyouenjoylisteningtorecords?Ifindrecordsareoften ,orbetterthananactualperformance.asgoodasgoodMypain apparentthemomentIwalkedintotheroom,forthefirstmanImetaskedsympathetically:“Areyoufeelingallright?”mustmusthavehadtoTheseniorlibrarianatthecirculationdeskpromisedtogetthebookfor shecouldrememberwholastborrowedevermuchevenifObservationsweremade thechildrenatthebeginningandattheendofpreschoolandfirstgrade.Thearticleopensandcloseswithdescriptionsoftwonewsreports,each onemajorpointincontrastwiththeistoAsafetyysis thetargetasapotentialdanger.Unfortunay,itwasneverdone.wouldwillwouldhavewillhaveThenumberofregisteredparticipantsinthisyear’smarathonwashalf oflastthoseoflastofthoseoflastthatoflastForthere successfulcommunication,theremustbeattentivenessandinvolvementinthediscussionitselfbyallpresent.towillTherewasaveryinterestingremarkinabookbyanEnglishmanthatIreadrecently whathethoughtwasareasonforthisAmericancharacteristic.toNoonewouldhavetimetoreadorlistentoanaccountofeverything goingonintheitastherewhatPartBEachofthefollowingsentenceshasfourunderlinedpartsmarked[A],[B],[C],and[D].IdentifythepartofthesentencethatisincorrectandmarkyouransweronANSWERSHEET1byblackeningthecorrespondingletterinthebracketswithapencil.(5I’dratheryouwouldA

bytrain,becauseIcan’tB

theideaofyourbeingCanairneinD

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hewasdrivenD

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takestheEarthtoPartBeneatheachofthefollowingsentences,therearefourchoicesmarked[A],[B],[C]and[D].Choosetheonethatbestcompletesthesentence.MarkyouransweronANSWERSHEET1byblackeningthecorrespondingletterinthebracketswithapencil.(10points)IwasspeakingtoAnnonthephonewhensuddenlywewere hunghungcutcutShewonderedifshecouldhavetheopportunitytospend heresothatshecouldlearnmoreaboutthecity.somesomeMs.Greenhasbeenlivingintownforonlyoneyear,yetsheseemstobe witheveryonewhocomestotheHedoesnot asateacherofEnglishashispronunciationisDozensofscientificgroupsallovertheworldhavebeen thegoalofapracticalandeconomicwaytousesunlighttosplitwatermolecules.Thediscussionwassoprolongedandexhaustingthat thespeakersstoppedforrefreshments.atatatatWhentravelling,youareadvisedtotaketravellers’checks,whichprovidea tocarryingyourmoneyinInevertrustedhimbecauseIalwaysthoughtofhimassucha Changingfromsolidtoliquid,watertakesinheatfromallsubstancesnearit,andthis producesartificialcoldsurroundingit. Ididn’tsayanythinglikethatatall.Youarepurposely myideastoproveyourpoint.Language,culture,and alitymaybeconsidered ofeachotherinthought,buttheyareinseparableinfact.Watchingmepullingthecalfawkwardlytothebarn,theIrishmilkmaidfoughthardto herlaughter.holdholdholdholdThemanagergaveoneofthesalesgirlsanaccusinglookforher towardcustomers.I withthanksthehelpofmycolleaguesinthepreparationofthisnewItisstrictly thataccesstosisdeniedtoallbutaThepollutionquestionaswellasseveralotherissuesisgoingtobediscussedwhentheCongressisin againnextspring.ChristmasisaChristianholydayusuallycelebratedonDecember25th thebirthofJesusinaccordanceintermsinfavorinhonorSinceitistoolatetochangemymindnow,Iam tocarryingouttheItwasaboldideatobuildapowerstationinthedeepvalley,butit wellaswehadhoped.camewentbroughtmadeTosurviveintheintensetradecompetitionbetweencountries,wemust thequalitiesandvarietiesofproductswemaketotheworld-marketSection ClozeForeachnumberedblankinthefollowingpassage,therearefourchoicesmarked[A],[B],[C]and[D].ChoosethebestoneandmarkyouransweronANSWERSHEET1byblackeningthecorrespondingletterinthebracketswithapencil.(10points)Vitaminsareorganiccompoundsnecessaryinsmallamountsinthedietforthenormalgrowthandmaintenanceoflifeofanimals,includingman.Theydonotprovideenergy,大41家dotheyconstructorbuildanypartofthebody.Theyareneededfor大42家foodsintoenergyandbodymaintenance.Therearethirteenormoreofthem,andif大43家ismissingadeficiency 大44家Vitaminsaresimilarbecausetheyaremadeofthesameelements--usuallycarbon,hydrogen,oxygen, 大45家nitrogen.Theyaredifferent 大46家theirelementsarearrangeddifferently,andeachvitamin大47家oneormorespecificfunctionsinthebody.大48家enoughvitaminsisessentialtolife,althoughthebodyhasnousefor大49家vitamins.Manypeople,大50家believeinbeingonthe“safeandthustakeextravitamins.However,awell-balanceddietwillusuallymeetallthebody’svitaminneeds.[A][B][C][D][A][B][C][D][A][B][C][D][A][B][C][D][A][B][C][D][A]in[B]so[C]such[D]except47.[A][B][D]48.[A][B][D]49.[A][B][D]50.[A][B][D]SectionIIIReadingEachofthepassagesbelowisfollowedbysomequestions.Foreachquestiontherearefouranswersmarked[A],[B],[C]and[D].Readthepassagescarefullyandchoosethebestanswertoeachofthequestions.ThenmarkyouransweronANSWERSHEET1byblackeningthecorrespondingletterinthebracketswithapencil.(40points)

Tight-lippedeldersusedtosay,“It’snotwhatyouwantinthisworld,butwhatPsychologyteachesthatyoudogetwhatyouwantifyouknowwhatyouwantwanttherightYoucanmakeamentalblueprintofadesireasyouwouldmakeablueprintofahouse,andeachofusiscontinuallymakingtheseblueprintsinthegeneralroutineofeverydayliving.Ifweintendtohavefriendstodinner,wenthe ,makeashoplist,decidewhichfoodtocookfirst,andsuchnningisanessentialforanytypeofmealtobeserved.Likewise,ifyouwanttofindajob,takeasheetofpaper,andwriteabriefaccountofyourself.Inmakingablueprintforajob,beginwithyourself,forwhenyouknowexactlywhatyouhavetooffer,youcaninligentlynwheretosellyourservices.Thisaccountofyourselfisactuallyasketchofyourworkinglifeandshouldincludeeducation,experienceandreferences.Suchanaccountisvaluable.Itcanbereferredtoinfillingoutstandardapplicationblanksandisextremelyhelpfulin interviews.Whiletalkingtoyou,yourcould-beemployerisdecidingwhetheryoureducation,yourexperience,andotherqualifications,willpayhimtoemployyouandyour“wares”andabilitiesmustbedisyedinanorderlyandreasonablyconnectedWhenyouhavecarefullypreparedablueprintofyourabilitiesanddesires,youhavesomethingtangibletosell.Thenyouarereadytohuntforajob.Getallthepossibleinformationaboutyourcould-bejob.Makeinquiriesastothedetailsregardingthejobamountoftimeeachdayseekingtheemploymentyouwishfor,andkeepinmind:Securingajobisyourjobnow.Whatdotheeldersmeanwhentheysay,“It’snotwhatyouwantinthisworld,butwhatyouget.”?You’llcertainlygetwhatyouIt’snouseYoushouldbedissatisfiedwithwhatyouIt’sessentialtosetagoalforAblueprintmadebeforeinvitingafriendtodinnerisusedinthispassage anillustrationofhowtowriteanapplicationforaanindicationofhowtosecureagoodaguidelineforjobaprincipleforjobAccordingtothepassage,onemustwriteanaccountofhimselfbeforestartingtofindajobbecause thatisthefirststeptopleasethethatistherequirementoftheitenableshimtoknowwhentosellhisitshim eclearlyawareofWhenyouhavecarefullypreparedablueprintofyourabilitiesanddesires,youhavesomething definitetoimaginarytopracticaltodesirabletoWiththestartofBBCWorldServiceevision,millionsofviewersinAsiaandAmericacannowwatchtheCorporation’snewscoverage,aswellaslistentoit.AndofcourseinBritainlistenersandviewerscantuneintotwoBBCevisionchannels,fiveBBCnationalradioservicesanddozensoflocalradiostations.Theyarebroughtsport,comedy,drama,music,newsandcurrentaffairs,education,religion,parliamentarycoverage,children’sprogrammesandfiforanannuallicensefee￡83perItisaremarkablerecord,stretchingbackover70years--yettheBBC’sfutureisnowindoubt.TheCorporationwillsurviveasapublicly-fundedbroadcastingorganization,atleastforthetimebeing,butitsrole,itssizeanditsprogrammesarethesubjectofanation-widedebateinThedebatewaslaunchedbytheernment,whichinvitedanyonewithanopinionoftheBBC--includingordinarylistenersandviewers--tosaywhatwasgoodorbadabouttheCorporation,andevenwhethertheythoughtitwasworthkee.ThereasonforitsinquiryisthattheBBC’sroyalcharterrunsoutin1996anditmustdecidewhethertokeeptheorganizationasitis,ortomakechanges.DefendersoftheCorporation--ofwhomtherearemany--arefondofquotingtheAmericanslogan“Ifitain’tbroke,don’tfixit.”TheBBC“ain’tbroke,”theysay,bywhichtheymeanitisnotbroken(asdistinctfromtheword‘broke’,meaninghavingnomoney),sowhybothertochangeit?YettheBBCwillhavetochange,becausethebroadcastingworldarounditischanging.ThecommercialTVchannels–ITVandChannel4--wererequiredbytheThatcherernment’sBroadcastingActto emorecommercial,competingwitheachotherforadvertisers,andcuttingcostsandjobs.Butitisthearrivalofnewsalitechannels--fundedpartlybyadvertisingandpartlybyviewers’subscriptions--whichwillbringaboutthebiggestchangesinthelongterm.TheworldfamousBBCnowfaces theproblemofnewanuncertaininquiriesbythegeneralshrinkageofInthepassage,whichofthefollowingabouttheBBCisNOTmentionedasthekeyissue?ExtensionofitsTVservicetoFarProgrammesasthesubjectofanation-widePotentialsforfurtherinternationalItsexistenceasabroadcastingTheBBC’s“royalcharter”(Line4,Paragraph4)standsfor thefinancialsupportfromtheroyaltheprivilegesgrantedbytheacontractwiththeauniquerelationshipwiththeroyalTheforemostreasonwhytheBBChastoreadjustitselfisnootherthan theemergenceofcommercialTVthe mentofBroadcastingActby theurgentnecessitytoreducecostsandthechallengeofnewsaliteInthelasthalfofthenineteenthcentury“capital”and“l(fā)abour”wereenlargingandperfectingtheirrivalorganizationsonmodernlines.Manyanoldfirmwasrecedbyalimitedliability withabureaucracyofsalariedmanagers.Thechangemetthetechnicalrequirementsofthenewagebyengagingalargeprofessionalelementandpreventedthedeclineinefficiencythatsocommonlyspoiledthefortunesoffamilyfirmsinthesecondandthirdgenerationaftertheenergeticfounders.Itwasmoreoverastepawayfromindividualinitiative,towardscollectivismandmunicipalandstate-ownedbusiness.Therailwaycompanies,thoughstillprivatebusinessmanagedforthebenefitofshareholders,wereveryunlikeoldfamilybusiness.Atthesametimethegreatmunicipalitieswentintobusinesstosupplylighting,tramsandotherservicestotheThegrowthofthelimitedliability andmunicipalbusinesshadimportantconsequences.Suchlarge,im almanipulationofcapitalandindustrygreatlyincreasedthenumbersandimportanceofshareholdersasaclass,anelementinnationalliferepresentingirresponsiblewealthdetachedfromthelandandthedutiesofthelandowners;andalmostequallydetachedfromtheresponsiblemanagementofbusiness.Allthroughthenineteenthcentury,America,Africa,,AustraliaandpartsofEuropewerebeingdevelopedbyBritishcapital,andBritishshareholderswerethusenrichedbytheworld’smovementtowardsindustrialization.TownslikeBournemouthandEastbournespranguptohouselarge“comfortable”classeswhohadretiredontheires,andwhohadnorelationtotherestofthecommunityexceptthatofdrawingdividendsandoccasionallyattendingashareholders’meetingtodictatetheirorderstothemanagement.Ontheotherhand“shareholding”meantleisureanddomwhichwasusedbymanyofthelaterVictoriansforthehighestpurposeofagreatcivilization.The“shareholders”assuchhadnoknowledgeofthelives,thoughtsorneedsoftheworkmenemployedbythe inwhichheheldshares,andhisinfluenceontherelationsofcapitalandlabourwasnotgood.Thepaidmanageractingforthewasinmoredirectrelationwiththemenandtheirdemands,butevenhehadseldomthatfamiliar alknowledgeoftheworkmenwhichtheemployerhadoftenhadunderthemorepatriarchalsystemoftheoldfamilybusinessnowpassingaway.Indeedthemeresizeofoperationsandthenumbersofworkmeninvolvedrenderedsuchalrelationsimpossible.Fortuna y,however,theincreasingpowerandorganizationofthetradeunions,atleastinallskilledtrades,enabledtheworkmentomeetonequaltermsthemanagersofthecompanieswhoemployedthem.ThecruelandunderstandthevalueoffairIt’strueoftheoldfamilyfirmsthat theywerespoiledbytheyoungertheyfailedforlackofindividualtheylackedefficiencycomparedwithmoderntheycouldsupplyadequateservicestotheThegrowthoflimitedliabilitycompaniesresultedin theseparationofcapitalfromtheownershipofcapitalbytheemergenceofcapitalandlabourastwotheparticipationofshareholdersinmunicipalAccordingtothepassage,allofthefollowingaretrueEXCEPTthat theshareholderswereunawareoftheneedsofthetheoldfirmownershadabetterunderstandingoftheirthelimitedliabilitycompaniesweretoolargetorunthetradeunionsseemedtoyapositiveTheauthorismostcriticalof familyfilmWhataccountsforthegreatoutburstofmajorinventionsinearlyAmerica--breakthroughssuchastheegraph,the boatandtheweavingmachine?Amongthemanyshafactors,Iwouldsingleoutthecountry’sexcellentelementaryschools:alaborthat edthenewtechnology;thepracticeofgivingpremiumstoinventors;andabovealltheAmericangeniusfornonverbal,“spatial”thinkingaboutthingstechnological.Whymentiontheelementaryschools?Becausethankstotheseschoolsourearlymechanics,especiallyintheNewEnglandandMiddleAtlanticstates,weregenerallyliteandathomeinarithmeticandinsomeaspectsofgeometryandtrigonometry.AcuteforeignobserversrelatedAmericanadaptivenessandinventivenesstothiseducationaladvantage.AsamemberofaBritishcommissionvisitingherein1853reported,“Withamindpreparedbythoroughschooldiscipline,theAmericanboydevelopsrapidlyintotheskilledworkman.”Afurtherstimulustoinventioncamefromthe“premium”system,whichprecededourpatentsystemandforyearsranparallelwithit.Thisapproach,originatedabroad,offeredinventorsmedals,cashprizesandotherincentives.IntheUnitedStates,multitudesofpremiumsfornewdeviceswereawardedcountryfairsandattheindustrialfairsinmajorcities.Americansflockedtothesefairstoadmirethenewmachinesandthustorenewtheirfaithinthebeneficenceoftechnologicaladvance.Giventhisoptimisticapproachtotechnologicalinnovation,theAmericanworkertookreadilytothatspecialkindofnonverbalthinkingrequiredinmechanicaltechnology.AsEugeneFergusonhaspointedout,“Atechnologistthinksaboutobjectsthatcannotbereducedtounambiguousverbaldescriptions:theyaredealtwithinhismindbyavisual,nonverbalprocess...Thedesignerandtheinventor...areabletoassembleandmanipulateintheirmindsdevicesthatasyetdonotexist.”Thisnonverbal“spatial”thinkingcanbejustascreativeaspaintingandwriting.RobertFultononcewrote,“Themechanicshouldsitdownamonglevers,screws,wedges,wheels,etc.,likeapoetamongthelettersofthealphabet,consideringthemasanexhibitionofhisthoughts,inwhichanewarrangementtransmitsanewidea.”Whenalltheseshas--schools,openattitudes,thepremiumsystem,ageniusforspatialthinking--inctedwithoneanotherontherichU.S.,theyproducedthatAmericancharacteristic,emulation.Todaythatwordimpliesmereimitation.ButinearliertimesitmeantafriendlybutcompetitivestrivingforfameandAccordingtotheauthor,thegreatoutburstofmajorinventionsinearlyAmericawasinalargepartdueto elementaryenthusiastictheattractivepremiumaspecialwayofItisimpliedthatadaptivenessandinventivenessoftheearlyAmerican benefitedalotfromtheirmathematicalshedlightondisciplinedschoolwasbroughtaboutbyprivilegedhomeowedalottothetechnologicalAtechnologistcanbecomparedtoanbecause theyarebothwinnersoftheyarebothexpertsinspatialtheybothabandonverbaltheybothusevariousThebesttitleforthispassagemightbe InventiveEffective[B]Waysof[D]OutpouringofRumorhasitthatmorethan20booksoncreationism/evolutionareinthepublisher’spipelines.Afewhavealreadyappeared.Thegoalofallwillbetotrytoexintoaconfusedandoftenunenlightenedcitizenrythattherearenottwoequallyvalidscientifictheoriesfortheoriginandevolutionofuniverseandlife.Cosmology,geology,andbiologyhaveprovidedaconsistent,unified,andconstantlyimprovingaccountofwhathappened.“Scientific”creationism,whichisbeingpushedbysomefor“equaltime”intheclassroomswheneverthescientificaccountsofevolutionaregiven,isbasedonreligion,notscience.Virtuallyallscientistsandthemajorityofnon-fundamentalistreligiousleadershavecometoregard“scientific”creationismasbadscienceandbadreligion.ThefirstfourchaptersofKitcher’sbookgiveaverybriefintroductiontoevolution.Atappropriateces,heintroducesthecriticismsofthecreationistsandprovidesanswers.Inthelastthreechapters,hetakesoffhisglovesandgivesthecreationistsagoodbeating.Hedescribestheirprogrammesandtactics,and,forthoseunfamiliarwiththewaysofcreationists,theextentoftheirdeceptionanddistortionmaycomeasanunpleasantsurprise.Whentheirbasicmotivationisreligious,onemighthaveexpectedmoreChristianbehavior.Kitcherisaphilosopher,andthismayaccount,inpart,fortheclarityandeffectivenessofhisarguments.Thenon-specialistwillbeabletoobtainatleastanotionofthesortsofdataandargumentthatsupportevolutionarytheory.Thefinalchapteronthecreationistswillbeextremelycleartoall.Onthedustjacketofthisfinebook,StephenJayGouldsays:“Thisbookstandsforreasonitself.”Andsoitdoes--andallwouldbewellwerereasontheonlyjudgeinthecreationism/evolutiondebate.“Creationism”inthepassagerefersto evolutioninitstruesenseastotheoriginoftheanotionofthecreationofthescientificexnationoftheearththedeceptivetheoryabouttheoriginoftheKitcher’sbookisintendedto mendtheviewsoftheexposethetruefeaturesofcursebitterlyatthislaunchasurpriseattackonFromthepassagewecaninferthat reasoninghasyedadecisiveroleinthecreationistsdonotbasetheirargumentonevolutionarytheoryistoodifficultfornon-creationismissupportedbyscientificThispassageappearstobeadigestof abookascientificamagazineanewspaperSectionIV Readthefollowingpassagecarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsentencesinto.YourtranslationmustbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2.(15Thedifferencesinrelativegrowthofvariousareasofscientificresearchhaveseveralcauses.71)Someofthesecausesarecompleyreasonableresultsofsocialneeds.Othersarereasonableconsequencesofparticularadvancesinsciencebeingtosomeextentself-accelerating.Some,however,arelessreasonableprocessesofdifferentgrowthinwhichpreconceptionoftheformscientifictheoryoughttotake,by inauthority,acttoalterthegrowthpatternofdifferentareas.Thisisanewproblemprobablynotyetunavoidable;butitisafrighteningtrend.72)ThistrendbeganduringtheSecondWorldWar,whenseveralernmentscametotheconclusionthatthespecificdemandsthataernmentwantstomakeofitsscientificestablishmentcannotgenerallybeforeseenindetail.Itcanbepredicted,however,thatfromtimetotime,questionswillarisewhichwillrequirespecificscientificanswers.Itisthereforegenerallyvaluabletotreatthescientificestablishmentasaresourceormachinetobekeptinfunctionalorder.73)ThisseemsmostlyeffectivelydonebysupportingacertainamountofresearchnotrelatedtoimmediategoalsbutofpossibleconsequenceintheThiskindofsupport,likeallernmentsupport,requiresdecisionsabouttheappropriaterecipientsoffunds.Decisionsbasedonutilityasopposedtolackofutilityarestraightforward.Butadecisionamongprojectsnoneofwhichhasimmediateutilityismoredifficult.Thegoalofthesupportingagenciesisthepraisableoneofsupporting“good”asopposedto“bad”science,butavaliddeterminationisdifficult