簡單句、并列句和復(fù)合句講解高中英語簡單句、并列句和復(fù)合句考點(diǎn)復(fù)習(xí)突破學(xué)案（一）句子種類兩種分類法1、按句子的用途可分四種：1）陳述句（肯定、否定）：Heissixyearsold;Shedidn’thearofyoubefore.2）疑問句（一般、特殊、選擇、反意）：Dotheylikeskating?Howoldishe?Ishesixorsevenyearsold?Marycanswim,can’tshe?3）祈使句：Becareful,boys;Don’ttalkinclass4）感嘆句：Howclevertheboyis!2、按句子的結(jié)構(gòu)可分三種：1）簡單句：只有一個(gè)主語（或并列主語）和一個(gè)謂語（或并列謂語）。e.g.HeoftenreadsEnglishinthemorning.

TomandMikeareAmericanboys.

Shelikesdrawingandoftendrawspicturesforthewallnewspapers.2)并列句：由并列連詞（and,but,or等）或分號(hào)（；）把兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的簡單句連在一起構(gòu)成。e.g.Youhelphimandhehelpsyou.

Thefutureisbright;theroadistortuous.前途是光明的，道路是曲折的。3）復(fù)合句：含有一個(gè)或一個(gè)以上從句的句子。復(fù)合句包含：名詞性從句（主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句）、定語從句和狀語從句等。e.g.TheforeignvisitorstookalotofpictureswhentheywereattheGreatWall.（二）簡單句的五種基本句型1、主語+系動(dòng)詞+表語：e.g.Heisastudent.2、主語+不及物動(dòng)詞：e.g.Wework.3、主語+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語：e.g.Henryboughtadictionary.4、主語+及物動(dòng)詞+雙賓語（間接賓語+直接賓語）：e.g.Myfatherboughtmeacar.5、主語+及物動(dòng)詞+復(fù)合賓語（賓語+賓補(bǔ)）：e.g.Tommadethebabylaugh.注：其他各種句子都可由這一種基本句型擴(kuò)展、變化或省略而構(gòu)成。主語——?jiǎng)釉~——表語：在這一句型中，動(dòng)詞是系動(dòng)詞，劃線部分為表語。1.Mr.Brownisanengineer.(名詞作表語)2.Gradualyhebecamesilent.(形容詞作表語)3.Sheremainedstandingforahour.(現(xiàn)在分詞作表語)4.Thequestionremainedunsolved.(過去分詞作表語)5.Themachineisoutoforder.(介詞短語作表語)6.Thetelevisionwason.(副詞作表語)7.Hisplanistokeeptheaffairsecret.(動(dòng)詞不定式作表語)8.Myjobisrepairingcars.(動(dòng)名詞作表語)9.Thequestioniswhatyouwanttodo.(從句作表語，即：表語從句)注意：在下面的句子中，形容詞作表語，在表語的后面常常接不定式結(jié)構(gòu)。I’mhappytomeetyou.Theyarewillingtohelp.Wearedeterminedtofollowhisexample.主語——?jiǎng)釉~：在這一句型中，動(dòng)詞為不及物動(dòng)詞及不及物的動(dòng)詞詞組。在有的句子中，不及物動(dòng)詞可以有狀語修飾。1.Thesunisrising.2.I’lltry.3.Didyousleepwell？(well做狀語，修飾不及物動(dòng)詞sleep)4.Theenginebrokedown.注意：在此句型中，有少數(shù)不及物動(dòng)詞表達(dá)被動(dòng)含義，表達(dá)主語本身所具有的特性，不用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。1.Thebooksellswell.2.Thewindowwon’tshut.3.Thepenwritessmoothly.4.Cheesecutseasily.主語——?jiǎng)釉~——賓語：在此句型中，動(dòng)詞為及物動(dòng)詞，劃線部分為賓語。1.Doyouknowthesepeople(them)？(名詞或代詞作賓語)2.Ican’texpressmyselfinEnglish.(反身代詞作賓語)3.Hesmiledastrangesmile.(同源賓語)4.Wecan’taffordtopaysuchaprice.(不定式作賓語)5.Wouldyoumindwaitingafewminutes？(動(dòng)名詞作賓語)6.IhopethatIhavesaidnothingtopainyou.(從句作賓語，即：賓語從句)注意：并不是所有的及物動(dòng)詞都可以接上述各種情況作賓語，不同的動(dòng)詞有不同的用法，所以，在學(xué)習(xí)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，一定要掌握其用法。主語——?jiǎng)釉~——賓語——賓語：在此句型中，動(dòng)詞可以稱作雙賓語動(dòng)詞，在英語中，這樣的動(dòng)詞并不多，在學(xué)習(xí)中遇到時(shí)，要牢記。后面的賓語為間接賓語和直接賓語，其中，間接賓語在前，一般表人，直接賓語在后，一般表物。這類句型有三種情況。第一種情況，間接賓語可以改為由to引導(dǎo)的短語。1.Hehandedmealetter.Hehandedalettertome.2.Shegavemehertelephonenumber.Shegavehertelephonenumbertome.第二種情況，間接賓語可以改為由for引導(dǎo)的短語。3.Shesangusafolksong.Shesangafolkforus.4.Shecookedusadeliciousmeal.Shecookedadeliciousmealforus.第三種情況，直接賓語可以由賓語從句充當(dāng)。5.TellhimI’mout.6.CanyouinformmewhereMissGreenlives？主語——?jiǎng)釉~——賓語——賓語補(bǔ)足語：在此句型中的動(dòng)詞，叫做可以跟復(fù)合賓語的動(dòng)詞，在英語中，這樣的動(dòng)詞也不多。后面的賓語補(bǔ)足語是說明賓語的情況的，賓語和賓語補(bǔ)足語一起被稱作復(fù)合賓語。這個(gè)句式是英語中比較復(fù)雜的一個(gè)句式，因?yàn)閺?fù)合賓語的構(gòu)成內(nèi)容較多。下面句子中劃線部分為賓語補(bǔ)足語。1.Hefoundhisnewjobboring.(形容詞作賓補(bǔ))2.ThecalledtheirdaughterMary.(名詞作賓補(bǔ))3.Thisplacedherinaverydifficultposition.(介詞短語作賓補(bǔ))4.Wewenttoherehousebutfoundherout.(副詞作賓補(bǔ))5.Whatdoyouadvisemetodo？(不定式作賓補(bǔ))6.Wethoughthimtobeanhonestman.(tobe作賓補(bǔ))7.Hebelievedthemtohavediscussedtheproblem.(不定式的完成式作賓補(bǔ))8.Hebelievedhertobetellingthetruth.(不定式的進(jìn)行式作賓補(bǔ))9.Didyounoticehimcomein？(不帶to的不定式作賓補(bǔ))10.IsawherchattingwithNancy.(現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ))11.Hewatchedthepianocarriedupstairs.(過去分詞作賓補(bǔ))注意：在這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)中，可以出現(xiàn)用it作形式上的賓語，把真正的賓語放在賓語補(bǔ)足語的后面。在此結(jié)構(gòu)中，賓語常常是動(dòng)詞不定式或賓語從句。1.Hefeltithisdutytomentionthistoher.分析：it是形式賓語，hisduty是賓語補(bǔ)足語，tomentionthistoher是真正的賓語。2.Ithinkitbestthatyoushouldstaywithus.分析：it是形式賓語，best是賓語補(bǔ)足語，thatyoushouldstaywithus是真正的賓語。3.therebe句型是一種特殊的句子，真正的主語在后面，含義為“有……”①謂語動(dòng)詞和主語保持一致：Thereisatelevisioninthesittingroom.②有兩個(gè)或更多的主語時(shí)，動(dòng)詞一般和最近的一個(gè)保持一致：Therearetwogirlsandaboydancinginthehall.③主語的后面有時(shí)有修飾語：Therearealotofdifficultiesfacingus.Thereweremanythingstobedone(此處也可以使用todo).④謂語動(dòng)詞be可以有時(shí)態(tài)的變化:Therewillbeaconcertintheparktonight.Therewaslittlechangeinhim.⑤謂語也可以有不定式構(gòu)成的復(fù)合謂語。Thereusedtobeacinemahere.Thereseemstobesomethingthematterwithher.Istheregoingtobeanyactivitytonight？⑥therebe句式變疑問句，把be提前；變反意疑問句也要借助there。Isthereanyhopeofgettingthejob？Thereisnothingwrongwithyourwatch，isthere？⑦therebe句型中也可以使用諸如：live，follow，come，stand，sit，exist等不及物動(dòng)詞：Onceuponatime，therelivedafishermanontheisland.Therecameaknockatthedoor.Atthetopofthehilltherestandsanoldtemple.⑧用于非謂語的情況下，有時(shí)用不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)theretobe或動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)和獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)therebeing：Youwouldn’twanttheretobeanotherwar.(不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu))Theteacherwassatisfiedwiththerebeingnomistakesinhishomework.(動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu))Therebeingnothingelsetodo，wewenthome.(獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu))（三）并列句的分類并列句基本概念：并列復(fù)合句是由兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上并列而又獨(dú)立的簡單句構(gòu)成。兩個(gè)簡單句常由并列連接詞連在一起；但有時(shí)不用連接詞,只在兩個(gè)簡單句之間用一逗號(hào)或分號(hào)。1、表示連接兩個(gè)同等概念，常用and,notonly…butalso…,neither…nor…,then等連接。e.g.Theteacher’snameisSmith,andthestudent’snameisJohn.2、表示選擇，常用的連詞有or,either…or…,otherwise等。e.g.Hurryup,oryou’llmissthetrain.3、表示轉(zhuǎn)折，常用的連詞有but,still,however,yet,while,when等。e.g.Hewasalittlemanwiththickglasses,buthehadastrangewayofmakinghisclasseslivelyandinteresting.4、表示因果關(guān)系，常用的連詞有so,for,therefore等。e.g.Augustisthetimeoftheyearforriceharvest,soeverydayIworkfromdawnuntildark.主從復(fù)合句：1、概念：主從復(fù)合句由一個(gè)主句和一個(gè)或一個(gè)以上的從句構(gòu)成。主句為句子的主體,從句只用作句子的一個(gè)次要成分,不能獨(dú)立成為一個(gè)句子。從句通常由關(guān)聯(lián)詞引導(dǎo),并由關(guān)聯(lián)詞將從句和主句聯(lián)系在一起。2、分類：從句按其在復(fù)合句中的作用,分為主語從句、表語從句、賓語從句、同位語、定語從句和狀語從句等。（四）高考考點(diǎn)探討1、簡單句的五大句型是最基本的句型。雖然近幾年單純考查這種基礎(chǔ)句型的題不多，但是在閱讀中有時(shí)需借助于劃分句子成分去理解，在書面表達(dá)中，沒有最基本的遣詞造句的能力是不可能用地道的英語句子來表達(dá)清楚的。2、祈使句、反意疑問句和感嘆句是高考命題的熱點(diǎn)之一。有時(shí)把祈使句與反意疑問句結(jié)合于一體來考查。一個(gè)題目，幾個(gè)考點(diǎn)，是近幾年命題的發(fā)展趨勢。3、高考對(duì)簡單句、并列句和各種復(fù)合句的考查常表現(xiàn)在對(duì)連詞的選擇和使用上。如：and,but,or,while，以及其它連接名詞性從句、定語從句和狀語從句的連接詞、關(guān)聯(lián)詞。4、各種主從復(fù)合句的考查常常與動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)聯(lián)系在一起，以賓語從句與狀語從句最為明顯，時(shí)間從句與條件從句中，如果主句是將來時(shí)，從句則用一般式表將來，這一點(diǎn)在高考中經(jīng)?？疾?。如：Wewillgooutingifitdoesn’traintomorrow。判斷下列句子是簡單句、并列句還是復(fù)合句：1.WeoftenstudyChinesehistoryonFridayafternoon.2.TheboywhoofferedmehisseatiscalledTom.3.Thereisachairinthisroom,isn’tthere?4.MybrotherandIgotoschoolathalfpastseveninthemorningandcomebackhomeatsevenintheevening.5.HeisinClassOneandIaminClassTwo.6.Hewasfondofdrawingwhenhewasyetachild.7.Neitherhashechangedhismind,norwillhedoso.8.Whathesaidatthemeetingisveryimportant,isn’tit?9.Thefarmerisshowingtheboyhowtoplantatree.10.BothTomandJackenjoycountrymusic.【模擬試題】1.Idon’tsupposeanyonewillvolunteer,____?A.doI

B.don’tI

C.willthey

D.won’tthey2.____helpifyoucan,andourcountrywillimprovemorequicklyandbetter.A.Giving

B.Give

C.Given

D.Togive3.——Lucy,youwashthedishes,____?

——Morn,can’tLilydoit?It’sherturntodoit.A.don’tyou

B.canyou

C.shallyou

D.willyou4.——Iwillnottakeanumbrellawithmetoday.

——____itrainslateronintheday?A.How

B.What

C.Howabout

D.Whatif5.——Yououghttostayuplatetonight,____you?

——Yes.I’vegottoomuchhomework.A.can’t

B.shouldn’t

C.mustn’t

D.won’t6.Nothingcanstopusfromservingthepeopleheartandsoul,____?A.canit

B.can’tit

C.canthey

D.can’tthey7.Thereusedtobeachurchinthesmalltown,____?A.usedthere

B.usedn’tthere

C.usedit

D.usedn’tit8.——Sheisn’tyourneighbour,isshe?

——____.A.Yes,sheisn’t

B.No,sheisC.Yes,sheis

D.No,isn’tshe9.——____tobeaPLAsoldierwhenIwasyoung.

——Andnowyouare.A.HowIwanted

B.HowdidIwantC.WhatIwanted

D.WhatdidIwant10.RecentlyIboughtanancientChinesevase,____wasveryreasonable.A.whichprice

B.thepriceofwhichC.itsprice

D.thepriceofthat11.Aftertenyears,shechangedalotandlookeddifferentfrom____sheusedtobe.A.that

B.whom

C.what

D.who12.____isknowntoeveryone,themoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth.A.It

B.As

C.That

D.What13.He’sgothimselfintoadangeroussituation____heislikelytolosecontrolovertheplane.A.where

B.which

C.while

D.why14.Informationhasbeenputforward____moremiddleschoolgraduateswillbeadmittedintouniversities.A.while

B.that

C.when

D.as15.Whatthedoctorsreallydoubtis____mymotherwillrecoverfromtheseriousdiseasesoon.A.when

B.how

C.whether

D.what16.Thestudentsofthemusicschoolstudy____.A.musicbutalsosomeothersubjects

B.someothersubjectsaswellasmusicC.musicaswellassomeothersubjectsD.someothersubjectsandmusic17.____airistoman,soiswatertofish.A.Since

B.Just

C.Like

D.As18.Thereisplentyofraininthesouth____thereislittleinthenorth.A.while

B.as

C.when

D.so19.____severaltimesaboutit,buthecouldnotgivethecorrectanswer.A.Beingasked

B.HavingbeenaskedC.Hewouldask

D.Hehadbeenasked20.——Idon’tlikechicken____fish.

——Idon’tlikechicken,____Ilikefishverymuch.A.and;and

B.and;but

C.or;but

D.or;and21.____thedayswenton,thesituationtheregotworse.A.With

B.Since

C.While

D.As22.____everybodyishere,let’ssetoutrightaway.A.Nowthat

B.Because

C.For

D.After23.Thescienceofmedicine,____progresshasbeenveryrapidlately,isperhapsthemostimportantofallthesciences.A.towhich

B.inwhich

C.which

D.withwhich24.Wemustdotheexperimentcarefully____MissLiutoldus.A.what

B.since

C.as

D.while25.Tonywillneverforgetthesedays____shelivedinChinawithhermother,hasagreateffectonherlife.A.that;which

B.when;whichC.which;that

D.when;that26.____Iknow,theywillgotoBeijingtowatchtheOlympicGamesin2023.A.Since

B.Sofaras

C.Incase

D.Asif27.Whodoyouthinkthedoctorwillhave____first,JohnorKate?A.examine

B.toexamine

C.examiningD.examined28.——Whatareyouanxiousabout?

——_________.A.Whetherwecansucceed

B.IfwesucceedC.Dowesucceed

D.Thatwecansucceed29.Youshouldputthedictionary____youcanfinditeasily.A.where

B.theplace

C.theplaceonwhich

D.what30.Shesaidtome,“I’lltellyoutheresultofthetest____Iknowit.”A.because

B.themoment

C.after

D.though31.Grandpausedtotellussomethingaboutthe“CulturalRevolution”__hehadtimetospare.A.assoonas

B.as

C.sothat

D.whenever32.LiFangisverybusy,____she’salwayshelpingotherswiththeirlessons.A.but

B.although

C.so

D.for33.Gettingarightjobcanbedifficult____thestudents____preparedtodealwiththejobinterview.A.if;won’t

B.unless;will

C.unless;are

D.if;are34.Everythingdependson____theywillsupportyouaboutit.A.if

B.which

C.whether

D.that35.Shewonthefirstprizeinthespeechcontestand____surprisedus.A.which

B.it

C.as

D.who36.TheOscarisoneofthefilmprizes____offeredtoanyChineseactororactresssofar.A.whichisnot

B.thathavenotbeenC.thathasnot

D.thathasnotbeen37.Hemadeanotherwonderfuldiscovery,____ofgreatimportancetoscience.A.whichIthinkis

B.whichIthinkitisC.whichIthinkit

D.Ithinkis38.It’sreallyverydangerous.Onemorestep,____thebabywillfallintothewell.A.or

B.so

C.but

D.and39.SheisAmerican,____sheknowslittleaboutAmericanhistory.A.so

B.yet

C.and

D.therefore40.Informationtechnologyistaughtinmostschools,____wehaveenteredtheinformationsociety.A.so

B.while

C.still

D.for41.——Helenmustobeyherparents.

——Oh,shemust,____?A.mustshe

B.mustn’tshe

C.shouldn’tshe

D.shouldshe42.Johnmustbeinthechemistrylab,____?A.mustn’the

B.needn’the

C.isn’the

D.shouldn’the43.