夾具設計應符合以下基本要求（1）有適當?shù)木群统叽绶€(wěn)定性夾具體上的重要表面，如安裝定位元件的表面、安裝對刀和導向元件的表面以及夾具體的安裝基面（與機床相連接的表面）等，應有適當?shù)某叽绾托螤罹龋鼈冎g應有適當?shù)奈恢镁取槭箠A具體尺寸穩(wěn)定，鑄造夾具體要進行時效處理，焊接和鍛造夾具體要進行退火處理。（2）有足夠的強度和剛度。加工過程中，夾具體要承受較大的切削力和夾緊力。為保證夾具體不產(chǎn)生不允許的變形和振動，夾具體應有足夠的強度和剛度，因此夾具體需要有一定的壁厚。（3）結構工藝性好。夾具體應便于制造、裝配和檢驗。鑄造夾具體上安裝各種元件的表面應鑄出3～5mm高的凸面，以減少加工面積。鑄造夾具體壁厚要均勻，轉角外應有R3～R5mm的圓角。夾具體結構形式應便于工件的裝卸。（4）要有適當?shù)娜菪伎臻g和良好的排屑性能。對于切削時產(chǎn)生切削不多的夾具，可加大定位元件工作表面與夾具之間的距離或增設容屑溝槽，以增加容屑空間；對于加工時產(chǎn)生大量切屑的夾具，可設置排屑缺口或斜面，斜角可取。（5）在機床上安裝穩(wěn)定可靠。夾具在機床上的安裝都是通過夾具體上的安裝基面和機床上相應表面的接觸或配合實現(xiàn)的。當夾具在機床工作臺上安裝時，夾具的重心應盡量低，重心越高則支承面應越大；夾具底面四邊應凸出，使夾具體安裝基面與機床的工作臺面接觸良好。接觸邊或支腳的寬度應大于機床工作臺梯形槽的寬度，應一次加工出來，并保證一定的平面精度；當夾具在機床主軸上安裝時，夾具安裝基面與主軸相應表面應有較高的配合精度，并保證夾具體安裝穩(wěn)定可靠。（6）有較好的外觀。夾具體外觀造型要新穎，鋼質夾具體需要發(fā)藍處理或退磁，鑄件未加工部位必須清理，并涂油漆。在夾具適當位置用鋼印打出夾具編號，以便于工裝的管理。夾具的制造及工藝性（1）夾具的制造精度夾具通常是單件生產(chǎn)，且制造周期很短。為了保證工件的加工要求，很多夾具要有較高的制造精度。企業(yè)的工具車間有多種加工設備，例如加工孔系的坐標鏜床、加工復雜形面的萬能銑床、精密車床和各種磨床等，都有具有良好的加工性能和加工精度。夾具制造中，除了生產(chǎn)方式與一般產(chǎn)品不同外，在應用互換性原則方面也有一定的限制，以保證夾具的制造精度。（2）保證夾具制造精度的方法對于與工件加工尺寸直接有關的且精度較高的部位，在夾具制造時常用修配法和調整法來保證夾具精度。1）修配法的應用對于需要采用修配法的零件，可在其圖樣上注明“裝配時精加工”或“裝配時件配作”字樣等。支承板和支承釘裝配后，與夾具體合并加工定位面，以保證定位面對夾具體基面的平行度。車床夾具的誤差較大，對于同軸度要求較大的加工，即可在所使用的機床中加工出定位面來。如車床夾具的測量工藝孔和校正圓的加工，可通過過度盤和所使用的車床連接后直接加工出來，從而使這兩個加工面的中心線和車床主軸中心重合，獲得較精確的位置精度。鏜床夾具也常采用修配法。例如，將鏜套的內孔與使用的鏜桿的實際尺寸單配間隙在0.008～0.01mm之間，即可是鏜模具有較高的導向精度。夾具的修配方法都涉及到夾具體的基面，從而不致使各種誤差累積，能夠達到預期的精度要求。2）調整法的應用調整法與修配法相似，在夾具上通常可設置調整墊圈、調整墊板、調整套等元件來控制裝配尺寸。這種方法較簡易，調整件選擇得當即可補償其他元件的誤差，以提高夾具的制造精度。（3）結構工藝性夾具的結構工藝性主要表現(xiàn)為夾具零件制造、裝配、調試、測量、使用等方面的綜合性能。夾具零件的一般標準和鑄件的結構要素等，均可查閱有關手冊進行設計。以下就夾具部件的加工、維修、裝配、測量等工藝性進行分析。1）注意加工和維修的工藝性夾具主要元件的連接定位采用螺釘和銷釘。2）注意裝配的測量工藝性夾具的裝配測量是夾具制造的重要環(huán)節(jié)。無論是修配法裝配或調整法裝配，還是用檢具檢測夾具精度時，都應處理好基準問題。為了使夾具的裝配、測量具有良好的工藝性，我們應遵循基準統(tǒng)一原則，以夾具體的基面為統(tǒng)一的基準，以便于裝配、測量時保證夾具的制造精度。當夾具的基面不能滿足上述要求時，可設置工藝孔或工藝凸臺。Thefixturedesignshouldmeetthefollowingbasicrequirements

(1)theappropriateaccuracyanddimensionalstability

Folderoftheconcreteontheimportantsurfaces,suchastheinstallationofthesurfaceofthepositioningcomponents,installthesurfaceoftheknifeandorientedcomponents,aswellasthespecificfoldertoinstallthebasesurface(connectedtothemachinesurface)shouldbetheappropriatesizeandshapeaccuracy,theybetweenshouldbetheappropriatelocationaccuracy.

Thefolderofthestabilityofthespecificdimensions,castingfolderspecifictotheagingtreatment,weldingandforgingfolderspecificannealing.

(2)havesufficientstrengthandstiffness.

Process,thespecificfolderyouwanttobearagreatercuttingforceandclampingforce.Toensurethatthefolderdoesnotproducedoesnotallowdeformationandvibrationfoldershouldhavesufficientspecificstrengthandstiffness,sothefolderthespecificneedsofacertainwallthickness.

(3)thestructureoftechnologyisgood.

Specificfoldershouldbeeasytomanufacture,assemblyandtest.Castingfolderthesurfaceoftheconcreteontheinstallationofvariouscomponentsshouldbecastoutof3~5mmconvexinordertoreducetheprocessingarea.Castingfolderconcretewallthicknessshouldbeuniform,corneroutsidethedueR3~R5mm,roundedcorners.Specificfolderstructureshouldfacilitatetheloadingandunloadingoftheworkpiece.

(4)tohavetheappropriatechipspaceandgoodchipevacuation.

CuttinglittlejigforcuttingcanincreasethedistancebetweentheworksurfaceandfixturepositioningcomponentsoradditionofChipgroovesinordertoincreasethechipspace;forprocessingalargenumberofchipfixture,youcansettheBTAgaporbevel,beveldesirable.

(5)installedonthemachinestableandreliable.

Theinstallationofthefixtureonthemachinethroughthefolderofthespecificsoftheinstallationofthebasesurfaceandthecorrespondingsurfaceonthemachinecontactorincombinationtoachieve.Whenthefixtureisinstalledinthemachinetable,thecenterofgravityofthefixtureshouldbeaslowaspossible,thecenterofgravitythehigherthebearingsurfaceshallbethegreater;fixtureundersideofthefoursidesshouldbeprotruding,sothatgoodcontactfolderoftheinstallationofthebasesurfaceandthemachinetable.Contactedgeorthewidthofthefootshouldbegreaterthanthewidthofthemachinetable,trapezoidalslot,shouldbeaprocessingandtoguaranteeacertainplaneaccuracy;Whenthefixtureisinstalledonthemachinespindle,fixtureinstallationbasesurfacewiththecorrespondingspindlesurfaceshouldbehigherwithprecision,andtoensurestableandreliablespecificfoldertoinstall.

(6)haveagoodlook.

Specificfolderappearancenovel,steelfoldertothespecificneedsofblueingordemagnetization,rawcastingpartsmustbecleanandpaint.

(7)Stampsplaythefixturenumbertotheappropriatelocationinthefixturetoolingmanagement.

fixturemanufacturingandprocess

(1)fixturemanufacturingprecision

Fixtureisusuallyasinglepieceproduction,andmanufacturingcycleisveryshort.Inordertoensurethattheworkpieceprocessingrequirements,manyfixtureshaveahighmanufacturingprecision.Thetoolshophasavarietyofprocessingequipment,suchastheprocessingoftheholesinthejigborer,processingofcomplex-shapedsurfaceoftheuniversalmillingmachines,precisionlathesandavarietyofgrinders,havegoodprocessingpropertiesandprocessingaccuracy.Fixturemanufacturing,inadditiontothedifferentproductionmethodsandproductsingeneral,intheapplicationoftheinterchangeabilityprincipleundercertainrestrictionstoensurethatthemanufacturingprecisionofthefixture.

(2)guaranteetheaccuracyofthemethodoffixturemanufacturing

Directlyrelatedtotheworkpiecesizeandhighprecisionparts,repairmethodcommonlyusedinthefixturemanufactureandadjustmenttoensurethatthefixtureaccuracy.

1)ApplicationoftheMethodofRepair

Partsneedtousetherepairmethod,initspattern,marked"assemblyfinishingassembly"or"worthy"words.Assemblyofthebearingplateandthesupportingnailpositioningsurface,withthespecificfoldermergeprocessingtoensurethatpositioningthefaceofthefolderconcretebasesurfaceparallelism.

Lathefixtureerrors,andrequiresgreaterprocessingcanbeusedinmachinetools,processingpositioningsurfaceforconcentricity.Suchasthemeasurementprocesslathefixtureholeroundofprocessingandcorrection,byexcessivediskandusethelathetoconnectdirectlyprocessed,sothatthesetwoprocessingsideofthecenterlineofthelathespindlecenteroverlap,toobtainmoreaccuratepositionalaccuracy.

Boringjigisoftenusedrepairmethod.Forexample,boringsetsofholesandtheuseoftheactualsizeoftheboringbarwithasinglegapinbetween0.008~0.01mmcanbeboringmoldhighguidingaccuracy.

Fixturerepairmethodsarerelatedtoaspecificfolderofthebasesurface,whichdoesnotresultinavarietyoferroraccumulation,andtoachievethedesiredaccuracyrequirements.

2)AdjustmentActapplications

AdjustmentActandtheMethodofRepair,usuallyinthefixturecanbesettoadjustthewasher,adjusttheplate,adjustthesetofcomponentstocontroltheassemblysize.Thismethodisrelativelyeasytoadjusttherightchoicestoothercomponentsofthecompensationerror,inordertoimprovethemanufacturingprecisionofthefixture.

(3)structuraltechnical

Structuraltechnicalperformanceofthefixtureforfixturepartsmanufacturing,assembly,commissioning,measurement,andusetheperformance.Structuralelementsofthegeneralstandardofthefixturepartsandcastings,andsoon,canaccesstothemanualdesign.Fixturecomponentsoftheprocessing,maintenance,assemblyandmeasurementprocess.

1)Notethattheprocessingandmaintenanceprocess

Fixtureconnectionofthemaincomponentsofpositioningscrewsandpins.InFigure1.2(a)ofthepinholeismadethrough-hole,sothatmaintenancecanpinpressout;showninFigure1.2(b)pin,thepinholeatthebottomofthehorizontalholedemolition;Fig