2023年高考英語一輪復習Unit4Earthquakes（講）（含解析）新人教版必修1PAGE18Unit4Earthquakes單元知識預覽工程單詞及其詞性變化〔語法填空必備〕重點單詞1．burstvi.爆裂；爆發n．突然破裂，爆發2．eventn．事件；大事3．nationn．民族；國家；國民→nationaladj.國家的，民族的→nationalityn．國籍4．ruinn．廢墟；消滅vt.消滅；使破產5．sufferingn．苦難；痛苦→sufferv．受苦，遭受6．extremeadj.極度的→extremelyadv.7．injurevt.損害；傷害→injuredadj.受傷的→injuryn．傷害，損害8．destroyvt.破壞；毀壞；消滅9．uselessadj.無用的；無效的；無益的→useful(反義詞)→usev.&n．使用，利用10．shockvt.&vi.(使)震驚；震動n．休克；打擊；震驚11．rescuen.&vt.援救；營救12．trapvt.使陷入困境n．陷阱；困境13．electricityn．電；電流；電學→electricadj.用電的；帶電的；發電的→electricaladj.與電有關的；電學的14．disastern．災難；災禍15．buryvt.埋葬；掩埋；隱藏16．sheltern．掩蔽；掩蔽處；避身處17．damagen.&vt.損失；損害18．frightenvt.使驚嚇；嚇唬→frightenedadj.受驚的；受恐嚇的→frighteningadj.令人恐懼的19．judgen．裁判員；法官vt.斷定；判斷；判決→judgementn．判斷，判決20．expressvt.表示；表達n.快車；速遞→expressionn．表達→expressiveadj.有表現力的重點短語1．rightaway立刻2．atanend結束3．inruins成為廢墟4．digout掘出；發現5．a(great)numberof許多；大量的6．giveout分發；發出(氣味、熱等)7．thousandsof成千上萬8．thinklittleof不重視；不假思索9．blowaway吹走；刮走10．beproudof以……而自豪11．insteadof代替12．betrappedin陷入……之中13．beknownfor/as因為/作為……知名14．bringin引進；引來經典句型〔高考書面表達必備〕1．Inthefarmyards,thechickensandeventhepigsweretoonervoustoeat.在農家院子里，雞和豬都煩躁不安，以致不吃食。2．Itseemedasiftheworldwasatanend!世界似乎到了末日！3．Allhopewasnotlost.不是所有的希望都破滅了。4．Miceranoutofthefieldslookingforplacestohide.老鼠從田地里跑出來找地方藏身。5.Workersbuiltsheltersforsurvivorswhosehomeshadbeendestroyed.工人們為那些家園遭受破壞的幸存者建了住所。必備語法〔高級句型〕名詞性從句〔2〕晨讀范文背誦假設你是李津，與你以前的外籍教師MrsGreen一直保持聯系。近日她來信詢問你的近況，請根據以下提示給她回復一封郵件。1．簡要介紹自己的學習和生活；2．告知你已成為八月底在津舉辦的第十三屆全運會的志愿者，并介紹為此所做的準備(如深入了解天津等)；3．希望她有時機重訪天津。注意：1.詞數不少于100；2．可適當參加細節，使內容充實、行文連貫；3．開頭已給出，不計入總詞數。參考詞匯：第十三屆全運會the13thNationalGamesDearMrsGreen，I'msogladtohearfromyou._________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours，LiJinOnepossibleversion:DearMrsGreen,__I'msogladtohearfromyou.Inyourlastletter,youaskedmeaboutmystudyandlife.I'mverypleasedtotellyouthatIhavemadegreatprogressinmyspokenEnglishsinceyouleft.Asformylife,Itakeexerciseregularlyanddomoreoutdooractivities,whichbuildsupmybodyandcharacteraswell.IhavegoodnewstotellyouthatIhavebeenchosentobeavolunteerinthecoming13thNationalGamestobeheldinTianjinattheendofAugust.Tobeaqualifiedvolunteer,Imadesomepreparations.Iinterviewedmanypeoplefromallwalksoflife,whichimprovedanddeepenedmyunderstandingofTianjin.IhopeyoucanrevisitTianjinifyouhaveachance.Lookingforwardtoseeingyouagain.Yours，LiJin語言知識精析重點單詞精講考點1．burstvi.(burst,burst)爆裂；爆發n.突然破裂；爆發【教材原句】Inthecity,thewaterpipesinsomebuildingscrackedandburst.buttheonemillionpeopleofthecity,whothoughtlittleoftheseevents,wereasleepasusualthatnight.在市內，有些建筑物里的水管爆裂開來。但是，唐山市的一百萬居民幾乎都沒有把這些情況當一回事，當天晚上照常睡著了。【例句研讀】(1)Sheburstoutcryingforawhile,andburstintolaughterforanothermoment,whichmadeusataloss.她一會兒突然哭起來，一會兒又___________，這使我們一頭霧水。〔1〕突然笑起來(2)Weallthoughthisheartwouldburstwithhappiness.我們都認為他心中的快樂快要____________了。〔2〕爆發出來(3)Thepoliceburstinandarrestedthegang.警察______________逮捕了那幫人。〔3〕突然闖進來【歸納拓展】burstout迸發；突然發作；突然……起來burstinto闖入；突然出現；突然……起來；突然發作burstintotears/songs/laughter/angryspeech突然哭/唱/笑/吵起來burstoutcrying/singing/laughing突然哭起來/唱起來/笑起來burstin闖入burstwithanger/grief/joy勃然大怒/心痛欲絕/樂不可支beburstingtodo渴望，急著要做(某事)ata(one)burst一陣；一口氣；一舉；一下aburstofanger怒火的迸發【即時穩固】單項填空1.Oneminutesheburstinto____,andthenextsheburstout____.Wejustcouldn’tcatchhermoodatanymoment.A．crying;laughterB．tears;laughingC．tears;laughterD．crying;laughing2.Rose’shumorwas________makeeverystudent

burst

into_______.A．soamusedasto…laughter B．soamusingasto…laughterC．suchthat…laughing D．sothat…laughing【答案】B【解析】這題考查so+adj+asto“如此…以至于〞，第二空考查burstintolaughter“突然笑起來〞。句意是：羅斯的幽默是如此的好笑以至于學生都笑起來了。選B。完成句子3.Afterthat,he______________________(突然大哭起來)．4.Therecame_______________________(一陣笑聲)．5.Heblewtheballoon________________(直到它爆裂為止)．考點2．ruinn.毀壞；消滅，崩潰(pl.)廢墟，遺跡v.(使)破產，(使)墮落，消滅【教材原句】Infifteenterriblesecondsalargecitylayinruins.在可怕的15秒鐘內，一座大城市就沉淪在一片廢墟之中。【例句研讀】(1)Drinkwashisfather'sruinanditwillbetheruinofhimtoo.酗酒是他父親________的原因，他也將遭同樣的__________。〔1〕失敗;厄運(2)Yearsoffightinghavelefttheareainruins.多年的戰事已經使得這個地區__________。〔2〕一片廢墟(3)Alargenumberofchurchesfelltoruinaftertherevolution.革命過后，許多教堂________。〔3〕都毀了(4)Theheavyrainruinedourholiday.大雨把我們的假期徹底__________。〔4〕搞糟了(5)Ifyougoonlikethis,you'llruinyourself.如果你繼續這樣下去，你會自己___________。〔5〕毀了自己【歸納拓展】inruins成為廢墟；破敗不堪betheruinof成為……消滅(墮落)的原因come/falltoruin消滅，滅亡；崩潰；破壞掉bringsb.toruin使某人失敗；使傾家蕩產bringruinupononeself自取滅亡ruinoneself自取滅亡ruinone'shealth/fame毀壞某人的健康/名譽【即時穩固】根據漢語提示完成句子(1)Anearthquake________________________(使全城到處是頹垣斷壁)．(leave)(2)Somepre－warconstructionswereabandonedandeventually________________(成了廢墟)．(3)Thatonemistake________(毀壞)hischancesofgettingthejob.【答案】(1)leftthewholecityinruins(2)fell/cametoruin(3)ruined〔4〕Hisfuturelies__________becausehewascaughtstealingintheshopandputintoprison.A．asusual B．inruinsC．bymistake D．onpurpose【答案】B考點：考查介詞短語辨析考點3．injurevt.損害，傷害【教材原句】Thenumberofpeoplewhowerekilledorinjuredreachedmorethan400,000.死傷的人數到達40多萬。【例句研讀】(1)Theboyinjuredhisleg.這個男孩把腿_____________。〔1〕弄傷了(2)Yourremarkmayinjureherpride.你的話也許會___________。〔2〕傷她的自尊(3)Ididn'tmeantodoheraninjury.我并未打算_________她。〔3〕傷害【歸納拓展】injuryn.傷，傷口；傷害injuredadj.受傷的，受委屈的doaninjurytosb.傷害某人theinjured傷員aninjuredlook/expression委屈的樣子/表情injuredpride/feelings受到傷害的自尊/情感【即時穩固】用wound,hurt或injure的適當形式填空(1)Hiscoldbehaviour________herdeeply.(2)Thebullet________himintheshoulder.(3)Hewas________intheaccident.(4)Whenthegirllearnedthatherboyfriendwas________intheearthquake,she________．A．injured;burstintearB．killed;burstouttearsC．stillalive;burstintotearsD．missing;burstintolaughter考點4．shockn.打擊；震驚；震動；休克vt.使震驚，使驚愕【教材原句】Peoplewereshocked.人們驚呆了。【例句研讀】(1)Thenewsofhiswife'sdeathwasaterribleshocktohim.他妻子去世的消息_________________。〔1〕對他打擊太大了(2)Hewasshockedathersmoking.看到她在吸煙，他很______________。〔2〕吃驚(3)Itshockedmetoseehowmyneighbourstreatedtheirchildren.看到鄰居們如何對待孩子，我感到________。〔3〕震驚【歸納拓展】beshockedat/by(doing)sth.被震驚beshockedtodosth.懼怕做某事Itshockedsb.tosee/hear...看見/聽到……使某人震驚。(be)ashocktosb.對某人來說是個打擊提示：shockedadj.感到驚奇的，驚訝的(主語多為人)shockingadj.令人氣憤的，令人驚訝的(主語多為物)【即時穩固】(1)____________________thesight.這情景使我大為震驚。(2)Ifyoutouchalivewire,__________________．如果你摸帶電的線，就會觸電。(3)Themessage__________________________．這條消息使他震驚。(4)The________newsmadeallthepeoplepresent________.A．shocking;shockingB．shocking;shockedC．shocked;shockingD．shocked;shocked〔5〕—Haveyouheardof________deathofStevenJobs?

—Yes.Itmustbe________

shock

toApplefans.A．the;the B．a;the C．the;a D．a;/考點5．buryvt.埋葬；掩埋；隱藏【教材原句】Thearmyorganizedteamstodigoutthosewhoweretrappedandtoburythedead.部隊人員組成小分隊，將受困的人們挖出來，將死者掩埋。【例句研讀】(1)Hewassittingwithhisheadburiedinabook.他坐著__________。〔1〕埋頭看書(2)Hewalkedslowly,hishandsburiedinhispockets.他走得很慢，兩手_________。〔2〕插在衣袋里(3)Afterthedivorce,sheburiedherselfinherwork.離婚后，她____________。〔3〕埋頭于工作【歸納拓展】buryoneselfinstudy埋頭研究buryoneselfin(doing)sth.專心致力于(做)某事beburiedinthoughts沉思buryone'sfaceinone'shands雙手掩面beburiedalive被活埋；隱居提示：表示“專心于，致力于〞意義的短語還有：bedevotedto,beaddictedto,beabsorbedin等。【即時穩固】1._______inthought,Ididn’tnoticewhatwashappening.A．Having

buried B．Burying C．Buried D．Tobe

buried【答案】C考點：考查形容詞用法2.________deepdownintheearthforthousandsofyears,thedeadforesthasrottedawayandbecomecoal．A．Having

buried B．Being

buriedC．Buried D．Tobe

buried【答案】C【解析】

試題分析：句意：被埋在了泥土中數萬年，死亡的森林已經腐爛變成了煤。動作bury與其邏輯主語thedeadforest是被動關系，故用過去分詞作原因狀語，選C。

考點：考查過去分詞的用法3.Afterstartingwork,Caospenthisevenings_____inhisbooksandwaseventuallyadmittedtoasecondarytechnicalschool.A．burying B．buriedC．being

buried D．having

buried【答案】B考點:考查非謂語動詞考點6．judgev.斷定；判斷；判決n.裁判員；法官；評判員【教材原句】Yourspeechwasheardbyagroupoffivejudges,allofwhomagreedthatitwasthebestonethisyear.評委會的五位評委聽了你的演講，他們都認為你的演講是今年最好的。【例句研讀】(1)Don'tjudgeabookbyitscover.勿________取人。〔1〕以貌(2)Judgingfrom/byhisaccent,hemustbeasoutherner.根據他的口音_________，他一定是個南方人。〔2〕判斷(3)Hewasjudgedtobethebestactorofthisyear.他____________今年的最正確男演員。〔3〕被評為【歸納拓展】judgmentn.判斷，審判，意見，判斷力judgingby/from從……上看，根據……判斷judgesb./sth.from/by...從……來判斷judgebetweenrightandwrong判斷是非asfarasIcanjudge據我判斷，我認為inone'sjudgement依某人看來，按某人的看法【即時穩固】1.________fromwhatshesaidatthemeeting,shemusthaveliedtoallofus.A．Judged B．Judging C．To

judge D．Judge【答案】B【解析】

試題分析：考查評述性狀語：句意：根據她在開會的時候說的話，她一定對我們所有的人撒謊了。Judgingby/from是評述性狀語“根據…來判斷〞，不需要考慮和后面的主語的關系，選B。

2.ItwassodarkinthecinemathatIcouldhardly______myfriend.

A．ignore B．judge C．recognize D．realize【答案】C【解析】動詞辨析。A無視，不理睬；B判斷；C認出；D意識到。句意：電影院里如此黑，以至于我幾乎不能認出我的朋友來。根據句意說明C正確。3.

tobethebestoneinthegroup,shehadanopportunitytoenterforthefinalcompetition.A．Judging B．To

Judge C．Having

judged D．Judged【答案】D考點：考查分詞做狀語重點短語精講考點1．rightaway立刻，馬上【教材原句】Imagineyourhomebeginstoshakeandyoumustleaveitrightaway設想你們家開始搖晃，你必須馬上離開。【例句研讀】(1)Iwantittobesentrightaway.馬上把它發出去。(2)Hecleanedtheroomrightaway.他立即開始清掃房間。(3)He’snotintheofficerightnow.他現在不在辦公室。【歸納拓展】(1)表示“立刻，馬上〞的短語withoutdelay/rightnow/immediately/atonce/innotime/rightoff(2)比擬rightaway/rightnowrightaway“立刻，馬上〞，相當于atonce,innotime。rightnow“立即，馬上；此時此刻〞，后一意義比now的語氣強，相當于atthisverymoment。【即時穩固】考點2．atanend終止；結束【教材原句】Itseemedasiftheworldwasatanend!世界似乎到了末日！【例句研讀】(1)Theyearisatanend.這一年已到___________了。〔1〕年終(2)Themeetingcametoanend.會議_____________了。〔2〕結束(3)Gostraightandyou’llfindthehospitalattheendoftheroad.一直往前走，你會在_______________找到這家醫院。〔3〕這條路的盡頭(4)Theyarguedfortwohoursonend.他們____________辯論了兩個小時。〔4〕一連【歸納拓展】bring...toanend(使)結束，終止cometoanend結束，終止attheendof在……盡頭(末)bytheendof到……末為止(常與完成時態連用)intheend最后，終于(后不加of短語)onend一連，連續totheend到底withoutend沒完沒了makeendsmeet收支相抵【即時穩固】英漢互譯(1)Hedidn'tansweritrightaway.________________________________________________________________________(2)立刻給他打。(rightaway)________________________________________________________________________(3)Wewilltakecareofthisrightaway.________________________________________________________________________(4)此刻我們不能談論這個問題。(rightnow)________________________________________________________________________考點3．a(great)numberof許多；大量的【教材原句】Suchagreatnumberofpeoplediedbecausethequakehappenedwhiletheyweresleeping.【例句研讀】(1)There______(be)agreatnumberofbooksintheshelves.(2)Thenumberofguestsinvited______(be)50,butanumberofthem______(be)absentfortheheavyrain.(3)Quantitiesofwater______(be)pollutednow.(4)Agreatdealofoil______(be)pouredintotheseaanddidgreatharmtocreaturesinthewater.(5)Manyafamouswriter______(be)analumnus(撰搞人)ofalocalnewspaper.【答案】〔1〕are〔2〕was；were〔3〕are〔4〕was〔5〕is【歸納拓展】alarge/great/goodnumberof;agreat/goodmany;agoodfew;quiteafew＋可數名詞復數manya/morethanone＋單數可數名詞＋單數謂語動詞agreat/gooddealof;agreat/largeamountof;quitealittle＋不可數名詞alot/lotsof;agreat/largequantityof;largequantitiesof;plentyof＋可數名詞復數或不可數名詞提示：(1)anumberof是“許多，大量〞的意思，后接可數名詞復數，謂語動詞用復數。thenumberof是“……的數目〞的意思，謂語動詞用單數。(2)largequantitiesof＋(pl.)/做主語，謂語動詞用復數。largeamountsof＋n．做主語，謂語動詞用復數。【即時穩固】(1)____________________(許多學生)findithardtofindanacceptablejobaftergraduation.(number)(2)Agreatnumberofnewfactories____________________________(被建立)inmyhometownsince1987.(3)____________(大量的金錢已被花)onthenewhospitalsince1980.(4)Alargenumberofstudentsinourschool________fromthecountryside;thenumber________growingtheseyears.A．is;hasbeenB．are;hasbeenC．is;havebeenD．are;havebeen考點4.asusual【教材原句】WangWeirodeinfrontofmeasusual.SheisveryreliableandIknewIdidn’tneedtoencourageher.像往常一樣，王薇在我的前面，她很可靠，我知道我用不著給她鼓勁兒。【例句研讀】Lilygotupat6o’clock________〔像往常一樣〕，butsherealizeditwasSundayassoonasshepreparedherschoolbag.Lily像往常一樣六點鐘起床，但當她準備書包時才意識到那是星期天。【答案】asusual【歸納拓展】usualadj.通常的；平常的usuallyadv.通常地；平常地…thanusual比平常……【即時穩固】1.Lilygotupat6:00o'clock

_______

butsherealizeditwasSundaysoon.A．asusual B．aspossible C．atpresent D．atlast【答案】A【解析】

試題分析：詞義辨析。A和通常一樣；B盡可能；C目前；現在；D最后，終于；句意：Lily和往常一樣在六點就起床了。但是她很快就發現是周日。根據句意說明A正確。

考點：考查詞義辨析

2.—Howoftendoyoueatout?

—___,butusuallyonceaweek.A．Ihavenoidea B．ItdependsC．Asusual D．Generallyspeaking【答案】B考點：考查情景交際的用法。經典句型剖析考點1.Itseemedasif【教材原句】Itseemedasiftheworldwasatanend!世界似乎到了末日！【句法分析】Itseems(tosb.)that...(對某人來說)似乎……＝Sb.seemstodo/tobedoing/tohavedone...Itseemsasif/though...“似乎(好似)……〞，可接虛擬語氣。seem＋(tobe)＋n./adj.似乎是……Thereseemstobe...好似有……Itseemsso.(＝Soitseems.)似乎是那樣。【例句研讀】①Itseemedthathehadknownthetruth.＝Heseemedtohaveknownthetruth.他好似知道了真相。②Hisfatherseems(tobe)strict.他父親似乎很嚴厲。③Thereseemedtobeavoiceinthedistance.似乎遠處有人說話。④Italwaysseemedasthougheverythinginmychildhoodhadjusthappened.我童年的一切仿佛剛剛發生一樣。【拓展歸納】seem/look/appear(1)seem暗含有一定的根據，往往是接近實際的判斷，后可接介詞、形容詞、不定式或從句。(2)look著重由視覺而得出的印象，可與like連用，但不能與不定式連用。可接asif從句，不接that從句。(3)appear強調外表給人的印象，而且事實往往并非如此。可接that從句，不接asif從句。【考點聚焦】考查seem的用法。【即時穩固】1.Todaywehavechatrooms,textmessaging,emailing…butwe

seem

______theartofcommunicatingface-to-face.A．losing B．tobelosingC．tobelost D．havinglost【答案】B【解析】

考查固定結構。seemtodosth好似要做某事；再根據時間狀語Today，應指我們似乎正在失去面對面的交流藝術。所以選B。2._______,nobodywasinjuredintheaccident．A．Asitmay

seem

strange B．Becauseitmay

seem

strangeC．Strangeasitmay

seem D．Strangeasmayit

seem【答案】C3.—Whatanoise!Icanhardlystandit.—It______asiftheyarehavingapartynextdoor.A．looks B．seemsC．appears D．happens【答案】B【解析】C、D項不接asif從句。A項不合題意。考查Itseemsasif...句式。考點2too...to...結構【教材原句】Inthefarmyards,thechickensandeventhepigsweretoonervoustoeat.在農家院子里，雞和豬都煩躁不安，以致不吃食。【句法分析】too...to...句型表示“太……以至于不能……(表否認)〞，可轉化為not...enoughto...和so...that...。提示：(1)當too后接easy,ready,happy,willing,eager或anxious時，to后的動詞表示肯定。例如：Thebookistooeasytounderstand.這本書太容易理解了。Hewastooanxioustoleave.他急于離開。(2)too...notto...句式表示肯定意思。例如：Heistoocarefulnottohavenoticedit.他那么細心，不會不注意到這一點的。(3)too...to...中too前面用了否認詞(如never)時，表示肯定。例如：Itisnevertoolatetomend.改正不嫌晚。(4)onlytoo...to...表示肯定，其中too后的形容詞多數是表示某種心情的，如glad,pleased,willing,thankful,delighted,determined等，也有描繪性的形容詞，如good,kind,true等。例如：Thegirlisonlytookindtohelpus.這姑娘非常樂于幫助我們。【例句研讀】Thechildistooyoungtodresshimself.Thechildisnotoldenoughtodresshimself.Thechildissoyoungthathecan'tdresshimself.這孩子太小，不能夠自己穿衣。【考點聚焦】考查too...to...結構【即時穩固】1.Jimisakindboy.Heis______willingtohelphisclassmates.A．so B．suchC．much D．too【答案】D2.Allenhadtocallataxibecausetheboxwas______tocarryallthewayhome.

Amuchtooheavy

Btoomuchheavy

Cheavytoomuch

Dtooheavymuch【答案】A【解析】考察toomuch和muchtoo用法。Muchtoo修飾形容詞或者副詞；toomuch修飾不可數名詞。結合句意可知A正確。句意：Allen不得不打的，因為盒子實在太重了不能一路上帶回家。3.—WhatdoyouthinkofthebookIlenttoyouyesterday?

—Oh,nottoobad.It’snottoodifficult_______.

A

reading

B.to