2020新人教版高二英語選修二課文與翻譯2020新人教版高二英語選修二課文與翻譯Unit1ReadingandThinking

JOHNSNOWDEFEATS“KINGCHOLERA”約輸?斯諾戰勝“霍亂王”Cholerausedtobeoneofthemostfeareddiseasesintheworld,untilaBritishdoctor.JohnSnow,showedhowitcouldbeovercome.Thisillnesscausesseverediarrhoea,dehydration,andevendeath.Intheearly19thwhenanoutbreakofcholerahitEurope,millionsofpeoplediedfromthedisease.Asayoungdoctor,JohnSnowbecamefrustratedbecausenooneknewhowtopreventortreatcholera.Intime,herosetobecomeafamousdoctor,andevenattendedtoQueenVictoriawhenshegavebirth.However,heneverlosthisdesiretodestroycholeraonceandfor?人喪?至沒有放棄徹底根除霍亂的愿望Indoctorsinthosedayshadtwocontradictorytheoriestoexplainhowcholeraspread.Onetheorywasthatbadaircausedthedisease.Anotherwasthatcholerawascausedbyaninfectionfromgermsinfoodorwater.Snowsubscribedtothesecondtheory.Itwascorrect,buthestillneededproof.Consequently,whenanoutbreakofcholerahitLondonin1854,Snowbegantoinvestigate.Hediscoveredthatintwoparticularstreetsthecholeraoutbreakwassoseverethatmorethan500peoplediedintendays.Hewasdeterminedtofindoutwhy.有兩種截然不同的看法。一種看法是空氣污染引發，另一種看法是食物或飲用水中的細菌感染導致霍亂。斯諾贊同因此，1854年倫敦暴發霍亂時，斯諾便開始調查。他發現霍亂疫情在兩條街道上尤為嚴重，十天內就有500查明原因。Snowbeganbymarkingonamaptheexactplaceswhereallthosewhodiedhadlived.ThereweremultipledeathsnearthewaterpumpinBroadStreet(especiallyhousenumbers16,37,38,and40).However,somehouseholds(suchas20and21BroadStreet,and8and9CambridgeStreet)hadhadnodeaths.Thesepeopleworkedinthepubat7CambridgeStreet.Theyhadbeengivenfreebeer,andsohadnotdrunkthewaterfromthepump.Snowsuspectedthatthewaterpumpwastoblame.Whatismore,inanotherpartofLondon,awomanandherdaughterhaddiedofcholeraaftermovingawayfromBroadStreet.Itseemedthatthewomanlikedthewaterfromthepumpsomuchthatshehaditdeliveredtoherhouseeveryday.Asaresultofthisevidence,JohnSnowwasabletoannouncethatthepumpwatercarriedcholeragerms.Accordingly,hehadthehandleofthepumpremovedsothatitcouldnotbeused.Throughthisintervention,thediseasewasstoppedinitstracks16373840)(202189卻無人死亡。這些幸存者在劍橋街7非常喜歡從讓人斯諾就能夠宣布水泵抽上來的了水泵的把手，這樣水泵就用不成了。這一干預舉措遏制了疾病的蔓１延。ThetruthwasthatthewaterfromtheBroadStreetpumphadbeeninfectedbywaste.Moreover,Snowwaslaterabletoshowa linkbetweenothercasesofcholeraandthedifferentwatercompaniesinLondon.SomecompaniessoldwaterfromtheRiverThamesthatwaspollutedbyrawwaste.Thepeoplewhodrankthiswaterweremuchmorelikelytogetcholerathanthosewhodrankpureorboiledwater染上霍亂。ThroughSnow’stirelesswatercompaniesbegantosellcleanwaterandthethreatofcholeraaroundtheworldsawasubstantial。However,choleraisstillaproblem.Eachyear,millionsofpeoplearoundtheworldgetcholeraandmanydiefromit.Fortunately,wenowknowhowtopreventcholera,thankstotheworkofJohnSnow.Moreover,inhisuseofmapsandSnowtransformedthewayscientistsstudydiseases.Forthisreason,Snowisconsideredthefatherofmodernepidemiology約翰斯諾的努力，我們現在知道了如何預防霍亂。此外，通過使用地圖和數據，斯諾改變了科學家研究疾病的方式。，斯諾被譽為現代流行病學之父。Toraisenewquestions,newpossibilities,toregardoldproblemsfromanewanglerequirescreativeimaginationandmarksrealadvanceinscience.----AlbertEinstein&LeopoldInfeld譯文：提出新的問題，發現新的可能，從新的角度審視已存在的問題，這些需要創造性的想象力，并標志著科學的真正進步。UsingLanguageERFS中國航天之父PerhapsnootherscientisthashadagreaterimpactonChina’saerospacesciencethanQianXuesen.DescribedbytheauthorsoftheStoryofQianXuesenasamanwith"greatscientificthoughtandscientificspirit"whowaspatrioticandservedhishomelandwitheffort,achievement,anddevotion,Qianwasanextremelywell-respectedman.“”獻成就斐然。BorninHangzhouin1911,QianattendedschoolsinBeijingandthenenteredShanghaiJiaoTongUniversitytostudyRailwayMechanicalEngineering.aftertheSonghuBattlebrokeoutin1932，QianmadethedecisiontoswitchhismajortoaviationbecauseherealisedthatChinaneededitsownpowerfulairforcetoprotectanddefendthecountry.錢學森1911年生于杭州，在北京上學，后來考入上海交通大學，學習鐵道機械工程。不過，1932年２淞滬會戰爆發后，錢學森意識到中國需要建設強大的空軍來保衛國家，因此決定改學航空專業。QianwenttotheUnitedStatesin1935topursuehisgraduatestudies.Overthecourseofthe1930sand1940s,QianbecameapioneerinAmericanjetandrockettechnology.Asagraduate assistantattheCaliforniainstituteofTechnologyduringthe1930s,Qianhelpedconductimportantresearchintorocketpropulsion,andinthe1940s,heandseveralotherpeoplefoundedtheJetPropulsionLaboratory,nowoneofNASA'Sleadingspace-explorationcentres.1935先的太空探索研究中心。AfterovercomingsomedifficultiesduringhisfinalfewyearsintheUSQianreturnedtoChinain1955.Hereceivedahero’swelcomefromhishomelandandwasputinchargeofnotonlydevelopingChina’srocketsciencebutalsoitsspaceandmissileprogramme.Atthattime,Chinawaspooranditsrocketsciencewasundeveloped.NoinstituteoruniversityinChinaofferedrocketscienceasamajor,andtherewerenotalentsorexpertsinthisfieldinChina.Nevertheless,Qiandidnotletthat discouragehimfromtakingonthechallenge.Whenasked"CanweChinesepossiblymakemissiles?”hisreplywasadetermined"Whynot?WeChineseareabletomakethesamethingsthatotherpeople留學美國的最后幾年，錢學森克服困難，于1955年回到中國。他受到了祖國英雄般的歡迎，受命發:“:“有什么不能的，外國人能造出來的，我們中國”UnderQiansleadership,ChinadevelopedtheDongfengmissiles,followedbythefirstgenerationofLongMarchrockets.In1970,Chinasuccessfullauncheditsfirstman -madesatellite,DongFangHongI,fromaLongMarchrocket.BecausemuchofthetechnologybehindtheShenzhourocketscanalsobetracedbacktoQian'sresearch,Qianearnedthenameof"thefatherofChinas東風“”1970年，中國使用“長征”火箭成功發射本國第一顆人造衛星“”。由于“神舟”系列火箭的大部分技術也可追中國航天之父”Qianreadalotandwasextremelyknowledgeable,especiallyintheareaoffrontierscienceresearch.However,whatmighthavemadehimsuchanoutstandingandcreativescientistwasprobablyhisstronginterestinotherthings,suchasmusicanddrawing.Hisdeepappreciationforartoftengavehiminspirationinhisscientificresearch.作帶來靈感。On31October2009,thewholecountrywassaddenedbyQiansdeath,andpeoplehonouredandrememberedhimindifferentways.20091031日，錢學森逝世，舉國哀痛，人們以各種方式紀念他緬懷他。３AWORLDOFPURETHOUGHT一個純思維的世界StephenHawkingwasoneofthemostfamousandgiftedscientistsinphysics.Mostpeoplearefamiliarwithimagesofhiminhiswheelchairunabletomoveandusingacomputertotalk.Sincehecamedownwithadiseasewhichcausedhimtolosetheuseofmostofhismuscleshisworldbecameoneofabstractthought.?世界Hawkingfirstachievedfamewhenhewasstillhealthyenoughtowalk,asagraduatestudentinphysicsatCambridgeUniversityin1964.Ingeneralthereweretwomaintheoriesontheoriginoftheuniverse.Thefirstwasthesteadystatetheory,whichholdsthattheuniversehasnobeginningorend.Theotherwasthebigbangtheory,whichholdsthattheuniverse beganatasinglepointintimeandspace.ThebiggestchampionofthesteadystateconceptwasFredHoyle,aprofessoratCambridge.DuringthequestionandanswerperiodafteroneofHoyle’slectures,Hawkingstoodupand pointedoutthatHoylehadmadeamistakeinhismaths.Oncethemathswascorrected,itshowedthatthebigbangnotthesteadystatetrue.ownworkonthebigbangtheorywassoonprovenbyastronomerswithtelescopes.Astarwas。霍金最早成名于1964年，當時他身體健康，行動自如，是劍橋大學物理學研究生。總的來說，宇宙起源有兩大理論:第一個是穩恒態理論，認為宇宙無始無終;另一個是大爆炸理論，認為宇宙始于時空中的霍伊爾教授。在霍伊爾的一次講座中，霍金在問久，天文學家用望遠鏡觀察宇宙，驗證了霍金對大爆炸理論的研究。一位明星就此誕生。So,whatmadeStephenHawkingagenius?Besidesbeingbrilliant,hewasbrave,thoughsometimescarelessinwhathesaidordid.Hewaswillingtosaywhatotherswereafraidtosay,andtodreamofwhatotherswereafraidtodreamabout.Furthermore,hewasquitedetermined.Thishadhelpedhimasascientist,andhadhelpedhimevenmoreinhisfightagainsthisdisease.Aboveall,Hawkingwaswillingtoadmithisfaults.Thisoddcombinationofcharacteristicshadmadehimoneofthegreatestthinkersofthe20thand21stcenturies.那么，是什么使史蒂芬?霍金成為一名天オ呢?除了才華橫溢之外，他還是一個勇敢的人，盡管有時的奇特組合使得他成為二十世紀與二十一世紀最偉大的思想家之一。ReadingandWriting(Workbook)1Readthepassageandchoosethecorrectanswertocompletethestatement.AlANDHUMANBEINGSIsitpossibletomakemachinesthinklikehumans?ThisisonequestioninresearchinthefieldofArtificialIntelligence,or"AI”.Tothinklikeahuman,itinvolvesfeelings,morality,hopes,anddreams,Humansarecapableofmakingdecisionsbythemselveswithoutinputfromothers,andtheycanlearnfromexperience.４有沒有可能讓機器像人類一樣思考？這是人工智能，即"AI".Inaddition,humansareabletocreatethingsfromtheirowninspirationfortheirownpleasure.Thequestioniswhethermachinescaneverreallythinkinalltheseaspects.行思考。Theideaofacomputerthatisall-powerfulandcanthinkandmakedecisionsforitselfterrifiesmanypeople.Insomefilms,Alevendecidesthatallhumansmustbekilled.ManypeoplearealsoconcernedthatAIwillbeusedtoreplacehumans.必須殺死所有的人類。很多人還擔心人工智能會被用來取代人類。YetothersarecomfortedbythethoughtofAl,MaybewithAl,robotscanbemadetoreplacelovedoneswhohavedied.Today,thecreationofanall-powerfulcomputercapableofhumanthoughtisstillinprogress.Wehavecompanionrobots,anditislikelythattheywillgrowmoreimportantinourlivesastimegoesby.However,theneedforsuchrobotsdoesnotseemtobeascriticalasourheadforintelligentmachinesthatcansolveproblemsbylearningfromtheirobservationsandexperience.Al，它們在們需要的是能夠通過觀察和經驗的學習來解決問題的智能機器。ForAlisalreadybeingusedwithgreatsuccessinInternetsearchenginesandasapersonalassistantinoursmartphones.Itlearnsfromourhabitstohelpusfindwhatwewantandlike.Alisalsousedtodiagnoseproblemsandsuggestsolutions.ResearchersarealsoexperimentingwiththeuseofAlindriverlesscarswhichcansensetheirsurroundingsanddecideonthebestwaytoreachadestination.Itisalsobeingusedineducation,particularlyinonlinecourses.Furthermore,industriesthatuserobotsforrepetitiveordangerousworkoftenturntoAltomanagetheseelectronicworkers. Inaddition,virtualassistantsarealsobeingusedinsomehomestoday.Inthenearfuture,itislikelythatAlwillbeusedtomanagesmarthomesandhandleanevengreatervarietyoftaskssuchassettingoutfavouriteclothesandhelpinguswithourpersonalgrooming.Al還被用來診斷問題并提出解決方案。研究人員還在嘗試將AlAl來管理這些電子工很有可能被用來管理智能家居，并處理更多種類的任務，比如擺放喜歡的衣服，幫助我們進行個人修飾。５TheAloftodayhasalreadyprovenitssuperioritytohumansinmanyareas.Doyouthinkthatwecancreatearobotthatthinkslikeahumanoronethatisevenmoreintelligent?Ifso,istheretrulyadifferencebetweenAIandahuman?如今的Al已經在很多方面證明了它對人類的優越性器人，或者是一個更加智能的機器人嗎？如果可以，人工智能和人類真的有區別嗎？Iamnotthesame,havingseenthemoonshineontheothersideoftheworld.----MaryAnneRadmacher在世界的另一端看過月光閃耀，我就不會是同樣的自己了。Unit2.BRIDGINGCULTUREReadingandThinkingWELCOME，XIELEIBUSINESSSTUDENTBUILDINGBRIDGES“歡迎你，謝蕾!”商科學生搭建文化交流的橋梁Sixmonthsago，19-year-oldXieLeisaidgoodbyetoherfamilyandfriendsandboardedaplaneforLondon.ItwasthefirsttimethatshehadleftChina. “Iwasveryexcitedbutalsoquitenervous.Ididn’tknowwhattoexpect,”XieLeirecalled.”謝蕾回憶道。XieLeiisstudyingforabusinessqualificationatauniversityinChinaandhascometoouruniversityonayear-longexchangeprogramme."IchosetheexchangeprogrammebecauseIwantedtolearnaboutglobalbusinessandimprovemyEnglish.MyambitionistosetupabusinessinChinaaftergraduation,"sheexplained.謝蕾在中國一所大學攻讀商科，來我校參加為期一年的交流項目。“”她解釋道。Atfirst,XieLeihadtoadapttolifeinadifferentcountry.“Youhavetogetusedtoawholenewshesaid.IhadtoearnhowtousepublictransportandhowtoaskforthingsIdidn’tknowtheEnglishnamesfor.WhenIgotlost,Ihadtoaskpassers-byforhelp,butpeopleherespeakfastandusewordsI’mnotfamiliarwith.Iaskthemtorepeatthemselvesa起初，謝蕾不得不去適應習慣!”Althoughsomeforeignstudentsliveincampusaccommodation,XieLeichosetolivewithahostfamily ，６whocanhelpwithheradaptationtothenewculture.WhenImisshome,Ifeelcomfortedtohaveasecondfamily，XieLeisaid“Whenthere’ssomethingIdon’tknoworunderstandIcanaskthem.TheyarealsokeentolearnaboutChina.Laura,thedaughterofmyhostfamily,wantstostudyinChinainthefuture.Wetaketurnstocookeachevening.Theyreallylovemystir-friedtomatoesandeggs!Laurasaysshealwaysfeelshungrywhenshesmellsit,soItaughtherhowtocookit,too.雖然一些留學生住在學校里，但是謝蕾選擇住在寄宿家庭有助于她適應異國文化。“有第二個家，想家時我會得到些安慰輪流!勞拉說，每次聞到香味，她就感到饑腸轆轆，于是我教她做這道菜。AnotherchallengeforXieLeiistheacademicrequirements.Thefirsttimethatshehadtowriteanessay,hertutorexplainedthatshemustacknowledgewhatotherpeoplehadsaidifshecitedtheirideas,butthathemainlywantedtoknowwhatshethought!XieLeiwasconfusedbecauseshethoughtsheknewlessthanotherpeople.HertutoradvisedhertoreadlotsofinformationinordertoformawiseopinionofherownXieLeialsofoundmanycoursesincludedstudents’participationinclassaspartofthefinalresult.Studentsneedtogenerateideas,offerexamples,applyconcepts,andraisequestions,aswellasgivepresentations.Atfirst,XieLeihadnoideawhatsheshouldsay,butwhatsurprisedherwasthatshefoundherself speakingupinclassafterjustafewweeks.“MypresentationontraditionalChineseartwasagreatsuccess,whichboostedmyconfidence,”shesaid.“I’llusetheseskillsbackhomeforpresentations.They'llhelpmebuildastrongbusinessinthefuture.”間后，我會將這些技能運用到展示中，幫助我未來打造一家強大的企業Nowhalfwaythroughherexchangeyear,XieLeifeelsmuchmoreathomeintheUK.Whatseemedstrangebeforenowappearsquitenormaltoher."EngaginginBritishculturehashelped,shesaid."Aswellasstudyinghard,I'vebeeninvolvedinsocialactivities.Britishpeoplearefascinatedbyourcultureandeagertolearnmoreaboutit,soI’mkeentosharemyculturewiththem.WhileI‘mlearningaboutbusinessI'malsoactingasaculturalmessengerbuildingabridgebetween。年的交換生生涯現已過半，謝蕾感覺在英國過得輕松自如多了。以前看似奇怪的事情現在對她來說顯得十分平常。融入英國文化使我受益匪淺使者的角色，在中外文化之間架起一座橋梁。７elwessnr,trwehralle我們會在隨后的幾期中跟蹤報道謝蕾的進展情況，但現在我們祝她一切順利UsingLanguage

STUDYINGABROADISITAGOODORABADIDEA?留學:好主意，還是壞主意?DearEditor尊敬的編輯:Inthepastfewdecades,therehasbeenadramaticincreaseinthenumberofpeoplestudyingabroad.Althoughstudyingabroadcanbringgreatbenefits,Ithinkthedisadvantagesforyoungpeoplearegreater.過去幾十年里，留學人數急劇增長。盡管留學大有裨益但我認為，留學對年輕人來說是弊大于利Tobeginwith,manystudentswhostudyabroadfacegreateconomicpressure.Thatmeansstudyingabroadisjustnotpossibleforeveryone.Tuitionfeesandlivingexpensesaremuchmoreexpensivethanathomeandcouldendupcostingmostfamiliesanarmandaleg.StudyinginChinaismuchmoreconvenientandcanhelpsavemoney首先可能要花費一大筆錢。而在中國讀書則更加方便，還能省錢。Anotherimportantfactortoconsideristhetremendouspressurethatcomeswithstudyingabroad.Studentsmustlearnhowtoliveinanunfamiliarenvironmentwithlimitedlanguageskills.Somemaystruggleandsufferfromcultureshockwhenlearninghowtobehaveinnewsurroundings.Otherstudentsarenotmatureenoughtohandlethechallengesbythemselvesandmaybecomedepressed.Somestudentsmightevenencounterproblemswithpersonalsafety.Inaddition,differentapproachestoteachingandlearningmaycomeasashocktomanystudents文化沖擊的折磨，另一此外，不同的教和學的方式對很多學生來說也是一種沖擊。Afinalpointtoconsideristhatwhilestudyingabroaddoeshavepotentialbenefits,youngpeoplewhostudyinChinaalsohaveagreatfutureto lookforwardto!AsChinahasboomedtheeducationalenvironmenthasimprovedsignificantly,withmanygreatuniversitiesnowavailable.Theyhavegreatfacilitiesandoutstandingprofessors,helpingtoeducateyoungpeoplewhowillcontributetotheeconomyandfurtherstrengthenourcountry.最后要考慮的一點是:盡管留學有諸多潛在的益處，但是在中國讀書的年輕人同樣未來可期!隨著中國８養為經濟作貢獻、進步增強我國實力的年輕人。Tosumup,onecannotdenythefactthatstudyingabroadhasitsdisadvantages,sowhenyouthinkaboutstudyingabroadyoushouldconsiderthesemanyfactors綜上所述，我們無法否認的事實是:留學有其弊端。因此當你想要海外求學時，應當考慮上述諸多因素。Kindregard謹致問候!WangLi(otheroftwingirls)王麗(一對雙胞胎女孩的母親)☆ ★ ☆ ★ ☆DearEditor尊敬的編輯Isstudyingabroadagoodideaornot?Therearecertainlydisadvantages,butinmyopinion,theadvantagesaremuchgreater.AsIalwaystellmyson,therearenogreatdifficultiesorapersonwhoisbrave,optimistic,andwillingtoworkhard!!Thefirstadvantageofstudyingabroadispersonalgrowth.Theeducationyougainandtheexperiencesyouhavewillchangeyouforthebetter.Forexample,youwillcertainlybecomemoreindependentbecauseyouwillhavetodealwithallkindsofdifficultiesbyyourself.Studyingabroadalsohelpsyoutogainaglobalperspectiveandimproveyourgeneralcompetence要獨自應對各種困難，你一定會變得更加獨立。留學還有助于你獲得全球視野，提升綜合能力。Anotheradvantageistheincreasedchanceforculturalexchange.Chinesestudentscanbeseenasculturalenvoypromotingfriendshipbetweennations.InternationalstudentsinChinaalsobringtheircolourfulcultureshere.Cooperatingwithpeoplefromdiverseculturalbackgroundshelpsusviewtheworldfromdifferentanglesandthusgivesusmoreinsightintoourownculture.留學的另一個好處是獲得更多文化交流的機會。中國留學生可被視為增進國際友誼的文化使者。在華進而讓我們對自己的文化有更深入的了解。Finally,studyingabroadprovidesagreatopportunitytocontributetothedevelopmentofourmotherland.sl,hshasetandd,sdsesacrosstheworld.Therefore,Chinaneedsmoretalentedyoungpeoplewithaglobalperspectivewhoarehighlycompetentwithlanguageshaveleadershipandorganisationalskills,andhavestrongculturalawareness.Studentswhostudyabroadwilldevelopsuchskillsandabilities,andtheseinturnwillprovidethemwithbettercareeropportunities９“倡議等項目的全球前景幫助我們與世界建立聯系。因此，中國需要更多有オ能、有國際視野、語言能力極強具有領導力和組織能力、擁有強烈文Allinall,studyingabroadhelpstobuildcharacterandincreaseunderstandingofculturaldiversitywhilestrengtheningChinaandbuildingasharedfutureforall.Ithinkthislife -changingexperienceiscertainlyworthwhileandIhopemychildwillstudyabroadinthefuture.打造一個共同的未來。我覺得這段改變人生的經歷肯定是值得的，我希望孩子將來能出國留學。Sincerelyyours此致敬禮ZhangYi(atherofoneboy)張毅(一個男孩的父親)你好，瓊姨ReadingandWriting(Workbook)Hithere,AuntJoan你好，瓊姨Howareyou?MumsaidyouaskedhowIwasdong,soletmetellyouaboutmylifehere.你還好嗎？媽媽說你問我怎么樣，所以讓我告訴你我在這里的生活。Asyouknow,beeninChinaforaroundamonthnow.IwanttostudyinalocaluniversitywhichiswhyItookthoseafter-schoolChineseclasses.IdecidedonChinabecauseit'sacountrywithtradelinksallovertheword.Studyingherecouldbeusefulinfindingagoodjobintradeorbusiness.What'smore,ChineseCultureisreallyinteresting,sochoosingtocomeherewasaforme!你也知道，我來到中國已經一個月了。我想在當地的大學里學習所以我參加了課后中文課。我之所找到一份好工作。而且，中國文化真的很有趣，所以選擇來這里對我來說是個不二之選。Havingsaidthat,Chinaisn’tlikeIthoughtitmightbe.Ithoughtitwouldbequiteoldandtraditionalbutinmanyways,thecitesarejustasmodemasbackhomeinVancouver,onlywithlotsmorepeople!There’ssomuchmorefoodtotrytoo,andit’salldelicious!EverywhereIgo,Iseerestaurantsandsnackstalls—itseemstobeabigpartoftheirculture.Foodhereisveryreasonablypricedsoit’sgreatformybudget.ThepeopleImeetareallverywelcomingtowardsmeasaforeigner,andIevenseemtobeapointofinterest!However,hardlyanyonespeaksEnglishinmyarea,soitcanbeabitoverwhelming attimes.ButIguessthat’swhyI’mhere-tolearn.０到餐館和小吃攤--這似乎是他們文化的重要組成部分。這里的食物價格非常合理，所以很適合我的預算。--學習。Rightnow,I’mstudyingeverydayformHSKexam(aChineselanguagequalification.ButIalsogetachancetoexplorethecity.IusuallygetupextraearlyeachmorningtoenjoyafreshlymadebreakfastonthestreetandthenIoftenvisitapark,I’mnotsureifyouknowbutI’mreallyinterestedintaichi,soIspendalotoftimeinthecityparkspractisingwiththelocals.alotoftraditionalculturestillaliveinChina.Theparkarefullofpeopleplayingtraditionalinstruments,playingChinesechess,andevenwritingcalligraphyonthegroundwithgiantpaintbrush.現在，我每天都在為HSK考試（一種中文資格考試）公園里有很多人在演奏傳統樂器，下中國象棋，甚至用巨大的畫筆在地上寫書法。Unit3.FOODANDCULTUREFoodbringspeopletogetheronmanydifferentlevels.It’snourishmentofthesoulandbody;it’strulylove. GiadaDeLaurentiis食物在許多不同的層面上把人們聚集在一起，它是心靈和身體的養料，是真正的愛。——吉婭達?德?勞倫蒂斯ReadingandThinkingCULTUREANDCUISINETheFrenchauthorJeanAnthelmeBrillat-Savarinoncewrote,“Tellmewhatyoueat,andIwilltellyouwhatyouare.”Putmoresimply,thismeans“Youarewhatyoueat.”Mostpeopletodayrelatethissayingtohealthyeating.However,Brillat-savarinwasactuallyreferringtoourpersonality,character,andculture.法國作家讓?安泰爾姆?布里亞-薩瓦蘭曾寫道:“告訴我你平時吃什么，我就可以說出你是個什么樣的-薩瓦蘭實際上指的是我們的個性、品格及文化。Certainly,inmanywaysthisseemstobetrue.Chinesecuisineisacaseinpoint.PriortocomingtoChina,myonlyexperiencewithChinesecookingwasinAmerica,withChinesefoodthathadbeenchangedtosuitAmericantastes.Forexample,America'smostpopularChinesedishisGeneralTso'schicken,which consistsoffriedchickencoveredinasweetsauce,favouredwithhotredpeppers.ThisisprobablynotanauthenticChineserecipe,however,soitcannottellusmuchabouttheChinese.Ontheotherhand,itdoestellusalotaboutAmericans.Ittellsus,forexample,thatAmericanslovebold,simplefavours.Andsincethedishwasalsoinventedrecently,ittellsusthatAmericansarenotafraidtotrynewfoods.當然，從很多方面來看，此話不假。中國菜就是個很好的例子。來中國之前，我只在美國接觸過中式１國人喜愛濃烈、簡單的口味。此外，由于這道菜也是新發明，說明美國人不懼怕嘗試新的菜品。Later,IhadachancetoexperienceauthenticChinesefoodbycomingtoChina.WhenmyfamilyandIhadjustarrivedinChina,wewentlookingforagoodplacetoeatinBeijing.ASichuanrestauranthadbeenrecommendedtousbyafriend,andfinally,wefoundit.Tired,hungry,andnotknowingawordofChinese,wehadnoideahowtoorder,sothechefjustbeganfillingourtablewiththebestfoodwehadevereaten.Withthis,wehadthepleasureofexperiencinganentirelynewtaste:Sichuanpeppercorns.Thefoodwaswonderfulanddifferent,butwhatwasevenmoreimportantwasthefriendshipofferedus.后來，我來到中國，有機會品嘗地道的中國食物。我與家人剛剛抵達中國，便在北京找一個好地方吃飯。一位朋友之前向我們推薦過一家川菜館，最終我們找到了這家餐館。我們疲憊不堪，饑腸轆轆，也不;:四川花椒。食物妙不可言、與眾不同，但更為重要的是我們所獲得的友誼。WesoonmovedtoShandongProvinceintheeasternpartofNorthChina.Myfavouritedishtherewasboileddumplingsservedwithvinegar.Iobservedthatfamilyisimportanttothepeoplethere.IthasbecomeafavouritetraditionaldishofthepeopleinNorthChina,wheremakingdumplingshasalwaysbeenafamilyaffairwitheveryone—fromtheyoungesttotheoldest—joiningintohelp.Later,IlearntthatthemostfamousfoodinShandongispancakerollsstuffedwithslicedChinesegreenonions.不久，我們到了位于華北東部的ft:ThenwemovedtonorthernXinjiang.SomeofourfriendswereKazakandInnerMongolian.Thesegroupstraditionallywanderedtheopenrangeonhorses.Asaresult,theirtraditionalfoodsarewhatyoucancookoveranopenfire—usuallyboiledorroastedmeat,suchaslambkebab.隨后，我們又到了新疆北部。我們的一些朋友是哈薩克族人和內蒙古人。傳統上，他們騎著馬在廣闊的草原上漫步因此，他們的傳統食物在篝火上烹制而成，通常是水煮肉或烤肉，例如羊肉串OurtravelsthentookustoSouthChina,andthenontocentralChina.Ineachplacewewent,weexperiencedwonderfullocaldishes,fromGuangdong'selegantdimsum—smallservingsoffoodinbamboosteamers—totheexceptionalstewednoodlesInHenan.Everywhere,thefoodwasasvariedasthepeople.However,onethingisalwaystrue:Throughfood,Chinesepeopleeverywhereshowfriendshipandkindness.而，有一件事始終不變:每個地方的中國人都通過食物展現友情與善意。２Ataminimum,thekindsoffoodlocalpeopleconsumetelluswhattheygrowintheirregion,whatkindsoflivestheylead,andwhattheylikeanddonotlike.Couldwealsosay,forexample,thatthosewholikeboldflavoursareboldthemselves?Or,thatthosewholikespicyfoodtendtohaveahottemper?Maybe.Maybenot.Whatwecansay,however,isthatcultureandhandinhand,andifyoudonotexperienceone,youcanneverreallyknowtheother.如，我們是否也能這樣推斷，喜歡重口味的人性格粗獷?抑或喜歡辛辣食物的人往往牌氣火暴也許是的，，如果你沒有體驗過其中的一個，你就永遠無法真正了解另一個。UsingLanguageHEALTHYEATINGThereismuchdebatenowadaysastowhatmakesupahealthydiet.Forexample,scientistshaveinsistedforyearsthatabigenemyofhealthisfattyfood.However,thereisincreasingevidencethattherealdriverofpoorhealthisnotsomuchfattyfood,asitissugar.HeartdiseaseisthenumberonekillerofAmericans.AndinAmerica,peoplewhoreceive25%ooftheirdaily caloriesormorethroughsugararetwiceaslikelytodiefromheartdiseasethanpeoplewhoreceivelessthan10%aday(JournaloftheAmericanMedicalAssociation,2014).Thisistrueregardlessofhowhealthytherestoftheirdietmightbe.Putmoresimply,whilepeoplecontinuetoargueoverwhetherornotfattyfoodisdangerous,wealreadyknowthatsugarisakiller.當下，何為健康飲食仍眾說紛紜。例如，多年來科學家一直認為健康的大敵是高脂肪食物。然而，越來越多的證據表明，導致不良健康的真正因素并非高脂肪食物，而是糖分。心臟病是美國人的頭號殺手。在美國，每天從糖分中攝取25％或更高卡路里的人死于心臟病的可能性是日攝取量少于10％的人的兩倍)Muchofthisextrasugarcomesfromsweetsandsweetdrinks.TheaverageAmericangets1/3ofhisorhersugarthroughsweetdrinksalone.TheAmericanHeartAssociationrecommendsthatwelimitourselvestolessthan100-150caloriesadayfromsugar,whichislessthanwhatisusuallycontainedinonecanofsweetdrinkorinasinglecandybar.Inotherwords,ifyouwanttobehealthy,youhavetocutdownondesserts,andcutoutsweetdrinksaltogether.心臟協會建議我們將每日糖攝入量限制在100150Beyondthis,youcankeephealthyby consumingdifferentcategoriesoffreshfoods,especiallyfruitandvegetables,whicharefullofvitaminsandfibre,ratherthanprocessedfoods.Processedfoodsoftencontainlessnutrition,andhavehigherquantitiesofsugar,salt,andfatthanfreshingredients.Besidesthis,itisalso３importanttohavesomemeat,beans,ordairyproductsinyourdiet,astheyprovidethenecessaryproteinforstro