名詞性從句（一）名詞性從句的種類在句子中起名詞作用的句子叫名詞性從句。名詞從句的功能相當于名詞詞組,它在復(fù)合句中能擔(dān)任主語、賓語、介詞賓語、表語、同位語等，因此根據(jù)它在句中不同的語法功能，名詞從句又可分別稱為主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。主語從句主語從句是在復(fù)合句中充當主語的從句Thatpricewillgoupiscertain.Whowillwritethepoemhasnotbeendecidedyet.Whenhewillbebackdependsontheweather.Howthepyramidswerebuiltwasstillamystery.Whoevercomeswillbewelcome.Whetherwegobytrainorbyboatmakesnodifference.Whatsurprisedusisthathelostinthegame.Wherewelivedoesn'tmatter.Wateverhedidisright.Whicheveryouwantisyours.還沒決定誰做這項工作。他們何時結(jié)婚依然不明。很遺憾你錯過了那場音樂會。Wehopethatyouwillenjoyyourstayhere.還沒決定誰做這項工作。他們何時結(jié)婚依然不明。很遺憾你錯過了那場音樂會。Wehopethatyouwillenjoyyourstayhere.Don'taskaboutwhatthemeetingisfor.動詞+it+從句（it沒有任何意義）Ihearditthathehadgoneabroad.主語+謂語+形式賓語it+賓補+賓語從句Tellmewhyyoudon'tlikeschool.Wearecertainthatthisistrue.Ihateitwhenpeoplespeakwiththeirmouthfull.名詞性從句作主語也常用先行詞it做形式主語，而將從句置于句末。例如：Itisnotyetdecidedwhowilldothatjob.Itremainsunknownwhentheyaregoingtogetmarried.Itisapitythatyoumissedtheconcert.賓語從句賓語從句就是在復(fù)合句中作賓語的名詞性從句（及物動詞，介詞和形容詞后）IfeelitaterriblethingthatIhavetogetupsoearly.Itookitforgrantedthatyouwouldstaywithus.表語從句表語從句是在復(fù)合句中作表語的名詞性從句，放在系動詞之后Thereasonwasthathedidn'tworkhard.NewYorkisnolongerwhatitwastenyearsago.Thatiswhyheturnedmedown.Thebookiswhereyouleftit.同位語從句同位語從句就是在復(fù)合句中作名詞的同位語的名詞性從句。Heacceptedthefactthatshewouldnevercomeback.Doyouhaveanyideaswherewecangetcheapersecondhandcar?（二）名詞性從句的連詞引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接詞；引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接詞可分為三類：連接詞：that,whether,if（不充當從句的任何成分）連接代詞：what,whatever,who,whoever,whom,whose,which連接副詞：when,where,how,whyI.名詞性that-從句1）由從屬連詞that引導(dǎo)的從句叫做名詞性that-從句。That只起連接主句和從句的作用，在從句中不擔(dān)任任何成分，本身也沒有詞義。名詞性that-從句在句中能充當主語、賓語、表語、同位語和形容詞賓語。例如：主語：Thatheisstillaliveissheerluck.他還活著全靠運氣。賓語：JohnsaidthathewasleavingforLondononWednesday.約翰說他星期三要到倫敦去。表語：Thefactisthathehasnotbeenseenrecently.事實是近來誰也沒有見過他。同位語：Thefactthathehasnotbeenseenrecentlydisturbseveryoneinhisoffice.近來誰也沒有見過他，這一情況令辦公室所有的人不安。形容詞賓語：Iamgladthatyouaresatisfiedwithyourjob.你對工作滿意我感到很高興。2）That-從句作主語通常用it作先行詞，而將that-從句置于句末。例如：Itisquiteclearthatthewholeprojectisdoomedtofailure.很清楚，整個計劃注定要失敗。It'sapitythatyoushouldhavetoleave.你非走不可真是件憾事。

用it作形式主語的that-從句有以下四種不同的搭配關(guān)系：a.It+be+形容詞+that-從句Itisnecessarythat...Itisimportantthat.Itisobviousthat.b.It+be+-ed分詞+that-從句Itisbelievedthat.Itisknowntoallthat.Ithasbeendecidedthatc.It+be+名詞+that-從句Itiscommonknowledgethat.Itisasurprisethat.Itisafactthat.d.It+不及物動詞+that-分句Itappearsthat.Ithappensthat.Itoccurredtomethat.II.if,whether引導(dǎo)的名詞從句從屬連詞if,whether引導(dǎo)的名詞從句是由一般疑問句或選擇疑問轉(zhuǎn)化而來的，因此也分別被稱為yes-no型疑問句從句和選擇型疑問從句，其功能和wh-從句的功能相同。例如：主語：Whethertheplanisfeasibleremainstobeproved.這一計劃是否可行還有等證實。賓語：Letusknowwhether/ifyoucanfinishthearticlebeforeFriday.請讓我們知道你是否能在星期五以前把文章寫完。表語：Thepointiswhetherweshouldlendhimthemoney.問題在于我們是否應(yīng)該借錢給他。同位語：Theyareinvestigatingthequestionwhetherthemanistrustworthy.他們調(diào)查他是否值得信賴。形容詞賓語：She'sdoubtfulwhetherweshallbeabletocome.她懷疑我們是否能夠前來。介詞賓語：Iworryaboutwhetherhecanpassthroughthecrisisofhisillness.我擔(dān)心他是否能度過疾病的危險期。whatisneeded，從句可充當：需要的東西就是時間。這就是需要的東西我不知道需要什么。whathedid，從句可充當：他做的事情使所有的人都驚奇這就是他做的事情。我不知道他做的事情。whatwateris,從句可充當：水是什么是大家都知道的。III.名詞性wh-從句由wh-詞引導(dǎo)的名詞從句叫做名詞性wh-whatisneeded，從句可充當：需要的東西就是時間。這就是需要的東西我不知道需要什么。whathedid，從句可充當：他做的事情使所有的人都驚奇這就是他做的事情。我不知道他做的事情。whatwateris,從句可充當：水是什么是大家都知道的。1.what用法1)what是連詞，what在從句中充當主語，如：主語Whatisneededistime.表語Thisiswhatisneeded.賓語Idon'tknowwhatisneeded主語Whathedidsurprisedallofus.表語Thisiswhathedid.賓語Idon'主語Whathedidsurprisedallofus.表語Thisiswhathedid.賓語Idon'tknowwhathedid.what是連詞，what在從句中充當表語，如：主語Whatwaterisisknowntousall.表語Whatthelittleboywanttoknowiswhatwateris.小男孩想知道的是水是什么whobrokethewindow，從句可充當：誰打碎了窗戶該不知道呢。問題是誰打碎了窗戶。我不知道誰打碎了窗戶。從句可充當：他是誰正在被調(diào)查著。問題是他是誰。我不知道他是誰。賓語whobrokethewindow，從句可充當：誰打碎了窗戶該不知道呢。問題是誰打碎了窗戶。我不知道誰打碎了窗戶。從句可充當：他是誰正在被調(diào)查著。問題是他是誰。我不知道他是誰。2.who用法1)who是連詞，在從句中充當主語，如：主語Whobrokethewindowisnotknownyet.表語Theproblemiswhobrokethewindow.賓語Idon'tknowwhobrokethewindow.2)who是連詞，在從句中充當表語，如whoheis,Whoheisisbeinglookedinto.Theproblemiswhoheis.Idon'tknowwhoheis.Whoheisisbeinglookedinto.Theproblemiswhoheis.Idon'tknowwhoheis.3)who(whom)是連詞，在從句中充當賓語，如：who(whom)Iknow從句可充當：

主語WhoIknowhasnothingtodowithyou.我認識誰與你無關(guān)。表語Whatshewantstoknowiswho(m)Iknow.他想知道我認識誰。

賓語Shedoesn'twanttoknowwho(m)Iknow.她不想知道我認識誰。3.whose用法whose是連詞，在從句中充當定語，如whosepronunciationisthebest,從句可充當:主語Whosepronunciationisthebestisaopen.Secret.誰的語音最好是個公開的秘密。表語Theproblemiswhosepronunciationisthebest.問題是誰的語音最好。賓語Idon'tknowwhosepronunciationisthebest.我不知道誰的語音最好。主語表語賓語Whereheworkedisnotfarfromhere.他曾經(jīng)工作的地方離這兒不遠。Thisiswhereheworked.這就是他曾經(jīng)工作的地方。Iknowwhereheworked.我知道他曾經(jīng)在哪兒工作。5.when用法when是連詞，when在從句中充當時間狀語，如whenhecamehere從句可充當:他什么時間來的我們都不知道。問題是他什么時間來的。我知道他他什么時間來的。主語Whenhecameisnotknowntousall.表語Theproblemiswhenhecamehere.主語表語賓語Whereheworkedisnotfarfromhere.他曾經(jīng)工作的地方離這兒不遠。Thisiswhereheworked.這就是他曾經(jīng)工作的地方。Iknowwhereheworked.我知道他曾經(jīng)在哪兒工作。5.when用法when是連詞，when在從句中充當時間狀語，如whenhecamehere從句可充當:他什么時間來的我們都不知道。問題是他什么時間來的。我知道他他什么時間來的。主語Whenhecameisnotknowntousall.表語Theproblemiswhenhecamehere.賓語Iknowwhenhecamehere.(其余連詞用法與上述方法相同)Exercises1．指出下列句子中的名詞性從句，并說出連詞的句法功能:1.Whowillwritethepoemhasnotbeendecidedyet.2.Don'taskaboutwhatthemeetingisfor3.Ihearditthathehadgoneabroad.4.Whatsurprisedusisthathelostinthegame.5.Wateverhedidisright6.Whatheleftuswasalargesumofmoney.Theykeptitquietthathewasdead.8.Tellmewhyyoudon'tlikeschool.Hehadafeelingthatshemightnotapproveoftheplan.10.Whoevercomeswillbewelcome.11.Hewasn'tsurewhetherheoughttolaughorcry.11.Hewasn'tsurewhetherheoughttolaughorcry.Itookitforgrantedthatyouwouldstaywithus.Wehopethatyouwillenjoyyourstayhere.Itookitforgrantedthatyouwouldstaywithus.Wehopethatyouwillenjoyyourstayhere.15.Whenhewillbebackdependsontheweather.16.Wearecertainthatthisistrue.17.Heacceptedthefactthatshewouldnevercomeback.18.Wherewelivedoesn'tmatter.19.Ihavenodoubtthatyouweretellingthetruth.15.Whenhewillbebackdependsontheweather.16.Wearecertainthatthisistrue.17.Heacceptedthefactthatshewouldnevercomeback.18.Wherewelivedoesn'tmatter.19.Ihavenodoubtthatyouweretellingthetruth.20.Thatiswhyheturnedmedown21.IfeelitaterriblethingthatIhavetogetupsoearly.22.Thereasonwasthathedidn'tworkhard.23.NewYorkisnolongerwhatitwastenyearsago.24.Thisiswhereyouarewrong.25.Ihateitwhenpeoplespeakwiththeirmouthfull.25.Ihateitwhenpeoplespeakwiththeirmouthfull.26.That'swhatmakeshimanexcellentconductor.27.Shecametotheconclusionthatshemustactatonceappreciateditverymuchthathehaddonemeafavor.29.Oursuccessdependson/uponhowwellwecancooperatewithoneanother30.Nobodycanexplainthemysterywhyhesuddenlydisappeared.II.單項選擇題Hissuccesswasbecauseofhehadbeenworkinghard.thatB.thefactwhichC.thefactthatD.thefact"IsMaryfromNewYorkCity?""Idon'tknow."fromwhatcitydoesshecomefromB.fromwhatcityshecomeC.whatcitydoesshecomefromD.whatcityshecomesfromTomlikedtoeatwasdifferentfrom.A.That...thatyouhadexpectedC.That...whatyouhadexpectedB.What.thatyouhadexpectedD.What.whatyouhadexpectedThereasonwhyIdidn'tgotoShanghaiwasanewjob.AIgotB.becauseofgettingC.becauseIgotD.thatIgotItworriedherabitherhairwasturninggrey.whileB.thatC.ifD.forHenrykilledthedog.I'llaskhimwhy.D.hehasdonesodidhedothatB.hedidthatC.hedidD.hehasdonesoHaveyouseenHenrylately?MybosswantstoknowA.howheisgettingalongC.whatheisgettingalonghowishegettingalongD.whatishegettingalongB.whatweexpectedD.whatweexpectB.whatweexpectedD.whatweexpectB.whatwrongwasD.whattroubleitisC.ofthatD.thatwhatC.hasnotknownD.havenotbeeB.didthewatchcostD.thewatchcostsC.afraidthatD.afraidforThesecomputersaredifferentfromA.thatweexpectedwhichwehaveexpectedHeaskedmewithme.A.whatisthetroubleC.whatwasthematterIamsurehesaidistrue.A.thatB.aboutthatWhenandwhyhecamehereyet.A.isnotknownB.arenotknownwonderhowmuch.A.doesthewatchcostC.thewatchcostedMaryissomeonemightrecognizeher.A.afraidofB.afraidaboutisnoreasonfordismissingher.A.BecauseshewasafewminuteslateB.OwingtoafewminuteslateC.ThefactthatshewasafewminuteslateD.BeingafewminuteslateTheycametotheconclusionbyacomputer.A.thatnotallthingscanbedoneB.becauseofnotallthingsbedoneC.beingnotallthingscanbedoneD.becausenotallthingscanbedoneWhytheexplosionoccurredwasthelaboratoryattendanthadbeencareless.A.forB.becauseC.sinceD.thatIdon'tdoubthe'llcome.C.whatD.whetherA.thatB.if

C.whatD.whether"Whydidyougotothewrongclass,Mr.Wang?""Well,IforgetIwassupposedtogoto."A.whichtheroomB.whichroomC.whatwastheroomD.whatroomwasitOutputisnowsixtimesitwasbeforeliberation.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.ofwhichMary:Helenisamerewasherwoman,yetshe'snowbuyingabighouse.Carol:Yes.Becauseshe'salwayssaved.A.whatlittlesheearnsB.howlittlesheearnsC.forlittlesheearnsD.withlittlesheearnssurprisedmemostwassuchalittleboyofsevencouldplaytheviolinsowell.A.That...whatB.What...thatC.That...whichD.What...whichDoyouknow?A.whatisthisusedforB.whatthisisusedforC.whichthisisusedD.thatthisisusedforSheispleasedwithwhatyouhavegivenhimandyouhavetoldhim.A.thatB.whichA.thatB.whichExcuseme,wouldyoupleasetellme?A.whenthesportsmeetistakenplaceC.whenisthesportsmeettobeginDoyouhappentoknow?A.whatsizeshoeshewearsC.whatisthesizeofhisshoesC.allwhatD.allthatwhenisthesportsmeetgoingtobeheldwhenthesportsmeetistotakeplacehowbigshoeshewearsD.whatnumbershoesarehisThisbookwillshowyoucanbeusedinothercontexts.A.howyouhaveobservedB.howwhatyouhaveobservedthatyouhaveobservedD.howthatyouhaveobservedWheredoyouthink?A.hashegoneB.hashebeenC.he'sgoneD.washeDoyouknow?A.howmanypopulationsthereareintheworld?B.howmuchpopulationthereisintheworldhowmanythepopulationoftheworldisD.whatthepopulationoftheworldisWouldyougoandseeoutside?A.whattotakeplaceB.whatTomhashappenedC.whatishappeningD.whatthematterhadbeenLastSundayhepromisedtoday,buthehasn'tappearedyet.A.thathewouldcomeC.hewillcometoseeme?IthinkheisCharles.A.WhodoyouthinkheisC.WhomdoyouthinkheisHedidn'tknowwhichroomA.theylivedA.thathewouldcomeC.hewillcometoseeme?IthinkheisCharles.A.WhodoyouthinkheisC.WhomdoyouthinkheisHedidn'tknowwhichroomA.theylivedThelittleboyateA.thatThecityisnolongerA.whatitisMyparentsusedA.whichB.thatitusedtobethathewillcomewhetherhewouldcomeB.DoyouthinkwhoheisDoyouthinkwhoheisC.didtheyliveD.didtheyliveinC.whateverD.nomatterwhatC.whichitwasD.whatitusedtobeB.theylivedinhismothergavehim.B.whichtheyhadtogetanewcarforme.B.thatC.whatwegoswimmingeverydayusalotofgood.A.If...doB.That...doC.If...doesD.allwhatD.That...doeswastheideathewifethoughtof?A.What...thatB.ThatA.What...thatB.That...whatHow...whyWhy...howWethinkitpossiblethelocalgovernmentwillbeabletosolvethehousingproblem.A.forB.thatC.whenD.how39.Oneofthemenheldtheviewthebooksaidwasright.D.whichthat.whatthatB.thatwhatC.thatwhichD.whichthat40.Ihavenoideaornothehasfinishedthework.A.ifB.thatC.whetherD.whichIII.改錯1.It'suncertainthattheexperimentisworthdoing.Allwhatishardistodogoodallone'slifeandneverdoanythingbad.Whattheboydidn'ttakemedicinemadehismotherangry.Youcan'timaginehowexcitedweretheywhentheyreceivedtheseniceChristmaspresents.Thatwe'llgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather.Whathereallymeansiswhathedisagreeswithus.WhomisgoingtodothejobwillbedecidedbythePartycommittee.Whenwe'llfinishtranslatingthebookdependonthetime.Wherewillthehousebebuiltwillbediscussedattomorrow'smeeting.Ifyoucomeornotisuptoyou.Thatiswhathelikestheplacesomuch.ThatisthatLuXunoncelived.WethoughtstrangethatTomdidnotcomeyesterday.Thefactwhichshehadnotsaidanythingsurprisedallofus.Canyoutellmewhoisthatgentleman?Wholeavestheroomlastoughttoturnoffthelights.Theenergyisthatmakesthecellsabletodotheirwork.18Jackwassoontoldwhyhedidwasnotnecessary.Isthiswhatwemeteachothertwoyearsago?Someoneisringingthedoorbell.Goandseewhoheis..don'tcarewhethershehasnomoney.Icareifsheishonestornot.Thechildisalwayslying,sononeofuswillbelievenomatterwhathesays.Seetothatthechildrendon'tcatchcold.He,thatisplayinganimportantpart,whichiswell-knowntousall.Theboydivedintothewaterand,afteritseemedtobealongtime,hecameupagain.IV.根據(jù)漢語用英語完成句子wastrue.他偷了一部自行車是真的。Theimportantthingis,butnot.重要的是你做什么，而不是說什么。hasnotbeenfound.他出生在何時何地還不知道。Theproblemistothelittleboy.問題是他對那個小男孩做了些什么。Sheinsistedthecountryside.她堅持不被派到農(nóng)村去。TOC\o"1-5"\h\z6.Idon'tcareabout.我并不在意你是否有錢。7.Hehasmadehewillnotgivein.他清楚地表明他不會屈服。8.Wedon'tbelieve.我們相信他不會贏得這場比賽。9.Nobodyknows.沒有人知道他來自哪里10.Icouldn'tunderstand.我不能理解為什么被拒絕了。11.allthemuseumswillbereopenedsoon.據(jù)宣布所有的博物館將在不久重新開放Heinsistedthatheingoodhealthandtoworkthere.他堅持認為他身體健康，并且堅持要求被派到那兒去工作shoudturnoffthelights.無論誰最后離開房間都應(yīng)該關(guān)燈。Itisknowntousall,thereisharm.眾所周知，哪兒有污染，哪兒就有傷害。Theproblemis.問題在于這部電影是否值得一看。Keys

1．指出下列句子中的名詞性從句，并說出連詞的句法功能：1.Whowillwritethepoem是主語從句，who在從句中充當主語2.whatthemeetingisfor是賓語從句，what在從句中充當for的賓語thathehadgoneabroad.是賓語從句，that不充當任何成分4.Whatsurprisedus是主語從句，what在從句中充當主語thathelostinthegame.是表語從句，that不充當任何成分Wateverhedid是主語從句，whatever在從句中充當賓語Whatheleftus是主語從句，what在從句中充當賓語thathewasdead.是賓語從句，that不充當任何成分whyyoudon'tlikeschool是賓語從句，why在從句中充當原因狀語thatshemightnotapproveoftheplan.是同位語從句，that不充當任何成分Whoevercomes是主語從句，whoever在從句中充當主語whetherheoughttolaughorcry.是形容詞sure的賓語從句，whether不充當任何成分whereyouleftit.是表語從句，where在從句中充當?shù)攸c狀語thatyouwouldstaywithus.是賓語從句，that不充