名詞性從句（一）名詞性從句的種類在句子中起名詞作用的句子叫名詞性從句。名詞從句的功能相當于名詞詞組,它在復合句中能擔任主語、賓語、介詞賓語、表語、同位語等，因此根據它在句中不同的語法功能，名詞從句又可分別稱為主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。主語從句主語從句是在復合句中充當主語的從句Thatpricewillgoupiscertain.Whowillwritethepoemhasnotbeendecidedyet.Whenhewillbebackdependsontheweather.Howthepyramidswerebuiltwasstillamystery.Whoevercomeswillbewelcome.Whetherwegobytrainorbyboatmakesnodifference.Whatsurprisedusisthathelostinthegame.Wherewelivedoesn'tmatter.Wateverhedidisright.Whicheveryouwantisyours.還沒決定誰做這項工作。他們何時結婚依然不明。很遺憾你錯過了那場音樂會。Wehopethatyouwillenjoyyourstayhere.還沒決定誰做這項工作。他們何時結婚依然不明。很遺憾你錯過了那場音樂會。Wehopethatyouwillenjoyyourstayhere.Don'taskaboutwhatthemeetingisfor.動詞+it+從句（it沒有任何意義）Ihearditthathehadgoneabroad.主語+謂語+形式賓語it+賓補+賓語從句Tellmewhyyoudon'tlikeschool.Wearecertainthatthisistrue.Ihateitwhenpeoplespeakwiththeirmouthfull.名詞性從句作主語也常用先行詞it做形式主語，而將從句置于句末。例如：Itisnotyetdecidedwhowilldothatjob.Itremainsunknownwhentheyaregoingtogetmarried.Itisapitythatyoumissedtheconcert.賓語從句賓語從句就是在復合句中作賓語的名詞性從句（及物動詞，介詞和形容詞后）IfeelitaterriblethingthatIhavetogetupsoearly.Itookitforgrantedthatyouwouldstaywithus.表語從句表語從句是在復合句中作表語的名詞性從句，放在系動詞之后Thereasonwasthathedidn'tworkhard.NewYorkisnolongerwhatitwastenyearsago.Thatiswhyheturnedmedown.Thebookiswhereyouleftit.同位語從句同位語從句就是在復合句中作名詞的同位語的名詞性從句。Heacceptedthefactthatshewouldnevercomeback.Doyouhaveanyideaswherewecangetcheapersecondhandcar?（二）名詞性從句的連詞引導名詞性從句的連接詞；引導名詞性從句的連接詞可分為三類：連接詞：that,whether,if（不充當從句的任何成分）連接代詞：what,whatever,who,whoever,whom,whose,which連接副詞：when,where,how,whyI.名詞性that-從句1）由從屬連詞that引導的從句叫做名詞性that-從句。That只起連接主句和從句的作用，在從句中不擔任任何成分，本身也沒有詞義。名詞性that-從句在句中能充當主語、賓語、表語、同位語和形容詞賓語。例如：主語：Thatheisstillaliveissheerluck.他還活著全靠運氣。賓語：JohnsaidthathewasleavingforLondononWednesday.約翰說他星期三要到倫敦去。表語：Thefactisthathehasnotbeenseenrecently.事實是近來誰也沒有見過他。同位語：Thefactthathehasnotbeenseenrecentlydisturbseveryoneinhisoffice.近來誰也沒有見過他，這一情況令辦公室所有的人不安。形容詞賓語：Iamgladthatyouaresatisfiedwithyourjob.你對工作滿意我感到很高興。2）That-從句作主語通常用it作先行詞，而將that-從句置于句末。例如：Itisquiteclearthatthewholeprojectisdoomedtofailure.很清楚，整個計劃注定要失敗。It'sapitythatyoushouldhavetoleave.你非走不可真是件憾事。

用it作形式主語的that-從句有以下四種不同的搭配關系：a.It+be+形容詞+that-從句Itisnecessarythat...Itisimportantthat.Itisobviousthat.b.It+be+-ed分詞+that-從句Itisbelievedthat.Itisknowntoallthat.Ithasbeendecidedthatc.It+be+名詞+that-從句Itiscommonknowledgethat.Itisasurprisethat.Itisafactthat.d.It+不及物動詞+that-分句Itappearsthat.Ithappensthat.Itoccurredtomethat.II.if,whether引導的名詞從句從屬連詞if,whether引導的名詞從句是由一般疑問句或選擇疑問轉化而來的，因此也分別被稱為yes-no型疑問句從句和選擇型疑問從句，其功能和wh-從句的功能相同。例如：主語：Whethertheplanisfeasibleremainstobeproved.這一計劃是否可行還有等證實。賓語：Letusknowwhether/ifyoucanfinishthearticlebeforeFriday.請讓我們知道你是否能在星期五以前把文章寫完。表語：Thepointiswhetherweshouldlendhimthemoney.問題在于我們是否應該借錢給他。同位語：Theyareinvestigatingthequestionwhetherthemanistrustworthy.他們調查他是否值得信賴。形容詞賓語：She'sdoubtfulwhetherweshallbeabletocome.她懷疑我們是否能夠前來。介詞賓語：Iworryaboutwhetherhecanpassthroughthecrisisofhisillness.我擔心他是否能度過疾病的危險期。whatisneeded，從句可充當：需要的東西就是時間。這就是需要的東西我不知道需要什么。whathedid，從句可充當：他做的事情使所有的人都驚奇這就是他做的事情。我不知道他做的事情。whatwateris,從句可充當：水是什么是大家都知道的。III.名詞性wh-從句由wh-詞引導的名詞從句叫做名詞性wh-whatisneeded，從句可充當：需要的東西就是時間。這就是需要的東西我不知道需要什么。whathedid，從句可充當：他做的事情使所有的人都驚奇這就是他做的事情。我不知道他做的事情。whatwateris,從句可充當：水是什么是大家都知道的。1.what用法1)what是連詞，what在從句中充當主語，如：主語Whatisneededistime.表語Thisiswhatisneeded.賓語Idon'tknowwhatisneeded主語Whathedidsurprisedallofus.表語Thisiswhathedid.賓語Idon'主語Whathedidsurprisedallofus.表語Thisiswhathedid.賓語Idon'tknowwhathedid.what是連詞，what在從句中充當表語，如：主語Whatwaterisisknowntousall.表語Whatthelittleboywanttoknowiswhatwateris.小男孩想知道的是水是什么whobrokethewindow，從句可充當：誰打碎了窗戶該不知道呢。問題是誰打碎了窗戶。我不知道誰打碎了窗戶。從句可充當：他是誰正在被調查著。問題是他是誰。我不知道他是誰。賓語whobrokethewindow，從句可充當：誰打碎了窗戶該不知道呢。問題是誰打碎了窗戶。我不知道誰打碎了窗戶。從句可充當：他是誰正在被調查著。問題是他是誰。我不知道他是誰。2.who用法1)who是連詞，在從句中充當主語，如：主語Whobrokethewindowisnotknownyet.表語Theproblemiswhobrokethewindow.賓語Idon'tknowwhobrokethewindow.2)who是連詞，在從句中充當表語，如whoheis,Whoheisisbeinglookedinto.Theproblemiswhoheis.Idon'tknowwhoheis.Whoheisisbeinglookedinto.Theproblemiswhoheis.Idon'tknowwhoheis.3)who(whom)是連詞，在從句中充當賓語，如：who(whom)Iknow從句可充當：

主語WhoIknowhasnothingtodowithyou.我認識誰與你無關。表語Whatshewantstoknowiswho(m)Iknow.他想知道我認識誰。

賓語Shedoesn'twanttoknowwho(m)Iknow.她不想知道我認識誰。3.whose用法whose是連詞，在從句中充當定語，如whosepronunciationisthebest,從句可充當:主語Whosepronunciationisthebestisaopen.Secret.誰的語音最好是個公開的秘密。表語Theproblemiswhosepronunciationisthebest.問題是誰的語音最好。賓語Idon'tknowwhosepronunciationisthebest.我不知道誰的語音最好。主語表語賓語Whereheworkedisnotfarfromhere.他曾經工作的地方離這兒不遠。Thisiswhereheworked.這就是他曾經工作的地方。Iknowwhereheworked.我知道他曾經在哪兒工作。5.when用法when是連詞，when在從句中充當時間狀語，如whenhecamehere從句可充當:他什么時間來的我們都不知道。問題是他什么時間來的。我知道他他什么時間來的。主語Whenhecameisnotknowntousall.表語Theproblemiswhenhecamehere.主語表語賓語Whereheworkedisnotfarfromhere.他曾經工作的地方離這兒不遠。Thisiswhereheworked.這就是他曾經工作的地方。Iknowwhereheworked.我知道他曾經在哪兒工作。5.when用法when是連詞，when在從句中充當時間狀語，如whenhecamehere從句可充當:他什么時間來的我們都不知道。問題是他什么時間來的。我知道他他什么時間來的。主語Whenhecameisnotknowntousall.表語Theproblemiswhenhecamehere.賓語Iknowwhenhecamehere.(其余連詞用法與上述方法相同)Exercises1．指出下列句子中的名詞性從句，并說出連詞的句法功能:1.Whowillwritethepoemhasnotbeendecidedyet.2.Don'taskaboutwhatthemeetingisfor3.Ihearditthathehadgoneabroad.4.Whatsurprisedusisthathelostinthegame.5.Wateverhedidisright6.Whatheleftuswasalargesumofmoney.Theykeptitquietthathewasdead.8.Tellmewhyyoudon'tlikeschool.Hehadafeelingthatshemightnotapproveoftheplan.10.Whoevercomeswillbewelcome.11.Hewasn'tsurewhetherheoughttolaughorcry.11.Hewasn'tsurewhetherheoughttolaughorcry.Itookitforgrantedthatyouwouldstaywithus.Wehopethatyouwillenjoyyourstayhere.Itookitforgrantedthatyouwouldstaywithus.Wehopethatyouwillenjoyyourstayhere.15.Whenhewillbebackdependsontheweather.16.Wearecertainthatthisistrue.17.Heacceptedthefactthatshewouldnevercomeback.18.Wherewelivedoesn'tmatter.19.Ihavenodoubtthatyouweretellingthetruth.15.Whenhewillbebackdependsontheweather.16.Wearecertainthatthisistrue.17.Heacceptedthefactthatshewouldnevercomeback.18.Wherewelivedoesn'tmatter.19.Ihavenodoubtthatyouweretellingthetruth.20.Thatiswhyheturnedmedown21.IfeelitaterriblethingthatIhavetogetupsoearly.22.Thereasonwasthathedidn'tworkhard.23.NewYorkisnolongerwhatitwastenyearsago.24.Thisiswhereyouarewrong.25.Ihateitwhenpeoplespeakwiththeirmouthfull.25.Ihateitwhenpeoplespeakwiththeirmouthfull.26.That'swhatmakeshimanexcellentconductor.27.Shecametotheconclusionthatshemustactatonceappreciateditverymuchthathehaddonemeafavor.29.Oursuccessdependson/uponhowwellwecancooperatewithoneanother30.Nobodycanexplainthemysterywhyhesuddenlydisappeared.II.單項選擇題Hissuccesswasbecauseofhehadbeenworkinghard.thatB.thefactwhichC.thefactthatD.thefact"IsMaryfromNewYorkCity?""Idon'tknow."fromwhatcitydoesshecomefromB.fromwhatcityshecomeC.whatcitydoesshecomefromD.whatcityshecomesfromTomlikedtoeatwasdifferentfrom.A.That...thatyouhadexpectedC.That...whatyouhadexpectedB.What.thatyouhadexpectedD.What.whatyouhadexpectedThereasonwhyIdidn'tgotoShanghaiwasanewjob.AIgotB.becauseofgettingC.becauseIgotD.thatIgotItworriedherabitherhairwasturninggrey.whileB.thatC.ifD.forHenrykilledthedog.I'llaskhimwhy.D.hehasdonesodidhedothatB.hedidthatC.hedidD.hehasdonesoHaveyouseenHenrylately?MybosswantstoknowA.howheisgettingalongC.whatheisgettingalonghowishegettingalongD.whatishegettingalongB.whatweexpectedD.whatweexpectB.whatweexpectedD.whatweexpectB.whatwrongwasD.whattroubleitisC.ofthatD.thatwhatC.hasnotknownD.havenotbeeB.didthewatchcostD.thewatchcostsC.afraidthatD.afraidforThesecomputersaredifferentfromA.thatweexpectedwhichwehaveexpectedHeaskedmewithme.A.whatisthetroubleC.whatwasthematterIamsurehesaidistrue.A.thatB.aboutthatWhenandwhyhecamehereyet.A.isnotknownB.arenotknownwonderhowmuch.A.doesthewatchcostC.thewatchcostedMaryissomeonemightrecognizeher.A.afraidofB.afraidaboutisnoreasonfordismissingher.A.BecauseshewasafewminuteslateB.OwingtoafewminuteslateC.ThefactthatshewasafewminuteslateD.BeingafewminuteslateTheycametotheconclusionbyacomputer.A.thatnotallthingscanbedoneB.becauseofnotallthingsbedoneC.beingnotallthingscanbedoneD.becausenotallthingscanbedoneWhytheexplosionoccurredwasthelaboratoryattendanthadbeencareless.A.forB.becauseC.sinceD.thatIdon'tdoubthe'llcome.C.whatD.whetherA.thatB.if

C.whatD.whether"Whydidyougotothewrongclass,Mr.Wang?""Well,IforgetIwassupposedtogoto."A.whichtheroomB.whichroomC.whatwastheroomD.whatroomwasitOutputisnowsixtimesitwasbeforeliberation.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.ofwhichMary:Helenisamerewasherwoman,yetshe'snowbuyingabighouse.Carol:Yes.Becauseshe'salwayssaved.A.whatlittlesheearnsB.howlittlesheearnsC.forlittlesheearnsD.withlittlesheearnssurprisedmemostwassuchalittleboyofsevencouldplaytheviolinsowell.A.That...whatB.What...thatC.That...whichD.What...whichDoyouknow?A.whatisthisusedforB.whatthisisusedforC.whichthisisusedD.thatthisisusedforSheispleasedwithwhatyouhavegivenhimandyouhavetoldhim.A.thatB.whichA.thatB.whichExcuseme,wouldyoupleasetellme?A.whenthesportsmeetistakenplaceC.whenisthesportsmeettobeginDoyouhappentoknow?A.whatsizeshoeshewearsC.whatisthesizeofhisshoesC.allwhatD.allthatwhenisthesportsmeetgoingtobeheldwhenthesportsmeetistotakeplacehowbigshoeshewearsD.whatnumbershoesarehisThisbookwillshowyoucanbeusedinothercontexts.A.howyouhaveobservedB.howwhatyouhaveobservedthatyouhaveobservedD.howthatyouhaveobservedWheredoyouthink?A.hashegoneB.hashebeenC.he'sgoneD.washeDoyouknow?A.howmanypopulationsthereareintheworld?B.howmuchpopulationthereisintheworldhowmanythepopulationoftheworldisD.whatthepopulationoftheworldisWouldyougoandseeoutside?A.whattotakeplaceB.whatTomhashappenedC.whatishappeningD.whatthematterhadbeenLastSundayhepromisedtoday,buthehasn'tappearedyet.A.thathewouldcomeC.hewillcometoseeme?IthinkheisCharles.A.WhodoyouthinkheisC.WhomdoyouthinkheisHedidn'tknowwhichroomA.theylivedA.thathewouldcomeC.hewillcometoseeme?IthinkheisCharles.A.WhodoyouthinkheisC.WhomdoyouthinkheisHedidn'tknowwhichroomA.theylivedThelittleboyateA.thatThecityisnolongerA.whatitisMyparentsusedA.whichB.thatitusedtobethathewillcomewhetherhewouldcomeB.DoyouthinkwhoheisDoyouthinkwhoheisC.didtheyliveD.didtheyliveinC.whateverD.nomatterwhatC.whichitwasD.whatitusedtobeB.theylivedinhismothergavehim.B.whichtheyhadtogetanewcarforme.B.thatC.whatwegoswimmingeverydayusalotofgood.A.If...doB.That...doC.If...doesD.allwhatD.That...doeswastheideathewifethoughtof?A.What...thatB.ThatA.What...thatB.That...whatHow...whyWhy...howWethinkitpossiblethelocalgovernmentwillbeabletosolvethehousingproblem.A.forB.thatC.whenD.how39.Oneofthemenheldtheviewthebooksaidwasright.D.whichthat.whatthatB.thatwhatC.thatwhichD.whichthat40.Ihavenoideaornothehasfinishedthework.A.ifB.thatC.whetherD.whichIII.改錯1.It'suncertainthattheexperimentisworthdoing.Allwhatishardistodogoodallone'slifeandneverdoanythingbad.Whattheboydidn'ttakemedicinemadehismotherangry.Youcan'timaginehowexcitedweretheywhentheyreceivedtheseniceChristmaspresents.Thatwe'llgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather.Whathereallymeansiswhathedisagreeswithus.WhomisgoingtodothejobwillbedecidedbythePartycommittee.Whenwe'llfinishtranslatingthebookdependonthetime.Wherewillthehousebebuiltwillbediscussedattomorrow'smeeting.Ifyoucomeornotisuptoyou.Thatiswhathelikestheplacesomuch.ThatisthatLuXunoncelived.WethoughtstrangethatTomdidnotcomeyesterday.Thefactwhichshehadnotsaidanythingsurprisedallofus.Canyoutellmewhoisthatgentleman?Wholeavestheroomlastoughttoturnoffthelights.Theenergyisthatmakesthecellsabletodotheirwork.18Jackwassoontoldwhyhedidwasnotnecessary.Isthiswhatwemeteachothertwoyearsago?Someoneisringingthedoorbell.Goandseewhoheis..don'tcarewhethershehasnomoney.Icareifsheishonestornot.Thechildisalwayslying,sononeofuswillbelievenomatterwhathesays.Seetothatthechildrendon'tcatchcold.He,thatisplayinganimportantpart,whichiswell-knowntousall.Theboydivedintothewaterand,afteritseemedtobealongtime,hecameupagain.IV.根據漢語用英語完成句子wastrue.他偷了一部自行車是真的。Theimportantthingis,butnot.重要的是你做什么，而不是說什么。hasnotbeenfound.他出生在何時何地還不知道。Theproblemistothelittleboy.問題是他對那個小男孩做了些什么。Sheinsistedthecountryside.她堅持不被派到農村去。TOC\o"1-5"\h\z6.Idon'tcareabout.我并不在意你是否有錢。7.Hehasmadehewillnotgivein.他清楚地表明他不會屈服。8.Wedon'tbelieve.我們相信他不會贏得這場比賽。9.Nobodyknows.沒有人知道他來自哪里10.Icouldn'tunderstand.我不能理解為什么被拒絕了。11.allthemuseumswillbereopenedsoon.據宣布所有的博物館將在不久重新開放Heinsistedthatheingoodhealthandtoworkthere.他堅持認為他身體健康，并且堅持要求被派到那兒去工作shoudturnoffthelights.無論誰最后離開房間都應該關燈。Itisknowntousall,thereisharm.眾所周知，哪兒有污染，哪兒就有傷害。Theproblemis.問題在于這部電影是否值得一看。Keys

1．指出下列句子中的名詞性從句，并說出連詞的句法功能：1.Whowillwritethepoem是主語從句，who在從句中充當主語2.whatthemeetingisfor是賓語從句，what在從句中充當for的賓語thathehadgoneabroad.是賓語從句，that不充當任何成分4.Whatsurprisedus是主語從句，what在從句中充當主語thathelostinthegame.是表語從句，that不充當任何成分Wateverhedid是主語從句，whatever在從句中充當賓語Whatheleftus是主語從句，what在從句中充當賓語thathewasdead.是賓語從句，that不充當任何成分whyyoudon'tlikeschool是賓語從句，why在從句中充當原因狀語thatshemightnotapproveoftheplan.是同位語從句，that不充當任何成分Whoevercomes是主語從句，whoever在從句中充當主語whetherheoughttolaughorcry.是形容詞sure的賓語從句，whether不充當任何成分whereyouleftit.是表語從句，where在從句中充當地點狀語thatyouwouldstaywithus.是賓語從句，that不充