新東方考研英語作文必背【篇一：考研英語作文新東方內部必背50篇】01thelanguageofmusicapainterhangshisorherfinishedpicturesonawall,andeveryonecanseeit.acomposerwritesawork,fessionalsingersandplayershavegreatresponsibilities,forthecomposerisutterlydependentonthem.astudentofmusicneedsaslongandasarduousatrainingtobecomeaperformerasamedicalstudentneedstobecomeadoctor.mosttrainingisconcernedwithtechnique,formusicianshavetohavethemuscularproficiencyofanathleteoraballetdancer.singerspracticebreathingeveryday,astheirvocalchordswouldbeinadequatewithoutcontrolledmuscularsupport.stringplayerspracticemovingthefingersofthelefthandupanddown,whiledrawingthebowtoandfrowiththerightarm—twoentirelydifferentmovements.singersandinstrumentshavetobeabletogeteverynoteperfectlyintune.pianistsaresparedthisparticularanxiety,forthenotesarealreadythere,waitingforthem,anditisthepianotuner’sresponsibilitytotunetheinstrumentforthem.buttheyhavetheirowndifficulties;thehammersthathitthestringhavetobecoaxednottosoundlikepercussion,andeachoverlappingtonehastosoundclear.thisproblemofgettingcleartextureisonethatconfrontsstudentconductors:theyhavetolearntoknoweverynoteofthemusicandhowitshouldsound,andtheyhavetoaimatcontrollingthesesoundwithfanaticalbutselflessauthority.techniqueisofnouseunlessitiscombinedwithmusicalknowledgeandunderstanding.greatartistsarethosewhoaresothoroughlyathomeinthelanguageofmusicthattheycanenjoyperformingworkswritteninanycentury.01音樂的語言畫家將已完成的作品掛在墻上，每個人都可以觀賞到。作曲家寫完了一部作品，得由演奏者將其演奏出來，其他人才能得以欣賞。因為作曲家是如此完全地依賴于職業歌手和職業演奏者，所以職業歌手和職業演奏者肩上的擔子可謂不輕。一名學音樂的學生要想成為一名演奏者，需要經受長期的、嚴格的訓練，就象一名醫科的學生要成為一名醫生一樣。絕大多數的訓練是技巧性的。音樂家們控制肌肉的熟練程度，必須達到與運動員或巴蕾舞演員相當的水平。歌手們每天都練習吊嗓子，因為如果不能有效地控制肌肉的話，他們的聲帶將不能滿足演唱的要求。弦樂器的演奏者練習的則是在左手的手指上下滑動的同時，用右手前后拉動琴弓--兩個截然不同的動作。歌手和樂器演奏者必須使所有的音符完全相同協調。鋼琴家們則不用操這份心，因為每個音符都已在那里等待著他們了。給鋼琴調音是調音師的職責。但調音師們也有他們的難處：他們必須耐心地調理敲擊琴弦的音錘，不能讓音錘發出的聲音象是打擊樂器，而且每個交疊的音都必須要清晰。如何得到樂章清晰的紋理是學生指揮們所面臨的難題：他們必須學會了解音樂中的每一個音及其發音之道。他們還必須致力于以熱忱而又客觀的權威去控制這些音符。除非是和音樂方面的知識和悟性結合起來，單純的技巧沒有任何用處。藝術家之所以偉大在于他們對音樂語言駕輕就熟，以致于可以滿懷喜悅地演出寫于任何時代的作品。02schoolingandeducationitiscommonlybelievedinunitedstatesthatschooliswherepeoplegotogetaneducation.nevertheless,cationknowsnobounds.itcantakeplaceanywhere,whetherintheshowerorinthejob,whetherinakitchenoronatractor.itincludesboththeformallearningthattakesplaceinschoolsandthewholeuniverseofinformallearning.theagentsofeducationcanrangefromareveredgrandparenttothepeopledebatingpoliticsontheradio,fromachildtoadistinguishedscientist.whereasschoolinghasacertainpredictability,cation,then,isaverybroad,inclusiveterm.itisalifelongprocess,aprocessthatstartslongbeforethestartofschool,andonethatshouldbeanintegralpartofone’sentirelife.schooling,ontheotherhand,isaspecific,formalizedprocess,whosegeneralpatternvarieslittlefromonesettingtothenext.throughoutacountry,childrenarriveatschoolatapproximatelythesametime,takeassignedseats,aretaughtbyanadult,usesimilartextbooks,dohomework,takeexams,andsoon.theslicesofrealitythataretobelearned,whethertheyarethealphabetoranunderstandingoftheworkingofgovernment,haveusuallybeenlimitedbytheboundariesofthesubjectbeingtaught.forexample,highschoolstudentsknowthattherenotlikelytofindoutintheirclassesthetruthaboutpoliticalproblemsintheircommunitiesorwhatthenewestfilmmakersareexperimentingwith.therearedefiniteconditionssurroundingtheformalizedprocessofschooling.上學與受教育在美國，人們通常認為上學是為了受教育。而現在卻有人認為孩子們上學打斷了他們受教育的過程。這種觀念中的上學與受教育之間的區別非常重要。與上學相比，教育更具開放性，內容更廣泛。教育不受任何限制。它可以在任何場合下進行，在淋浴時，在工作時，在廚房里或拖拉機上。它既包括在學校所受的正規教育，也包括一切非正規教育。傳授知識的人可以是德高望重的老者，可以是收音機里進行政治辯論的人們，可以是小孩子，也可以是知名的科學家。上學讀書多少有點可預見性，而教育往往能帶來意外的發現。與陌生人的一次隨意談話可能會使人認識到自己對其它宗教其實所知甚少。人們從幼時起就開始受教育。因此，教育是一個內涵很豐富的詞，它自始至終伴隨人的一生，早在人們上學之前就開始了。教育應成為人生命中不可缺少的一部分。然而，上學卻是一個特定的形式化了的過程。在不同場合下，它的基本形式大同小異。在全國各地，孩子們幾乎在同一時刻到達學校，坐在指定的座位上，由一位成年人傳授知識，使用大致相同的教材，做作業，考試等等。他們所學的現實生活中的一些片斷，如字母表或政府的運作，往往受到科目范圍的限制。例如，高中生們知道，在課堂上他們沒法弄清楚他們社區里政治問題的真情，也不會了解到最新潮的電影制片人在做哪些嘗試。學校教育這一形式化的過程是有特定的限制的。03thedefinitionof“price”pricesdeterminehowresourcesaretobeused.theyarealsothemeansbywhichproductsandservicesthatareinlimitedsupplyarerationedamongbuyers.thepricesystemoftheunitedstatesisacomplexnetworkcomposedofthepricesofalltheproductsboughtandsoldintheeconomyaswellasthoseofamyriadofservices,includinglabor,professional,transportation,andpublic-utilityservices.theinterrelationshipsofallthesepricesmakeupthe“system”ofprices.thepriceofanyparticularproductorserviceislinkedtoabroad,complicatedsystemofpricesinwhicheverythingseemstodependmoreorlessuponeverythingelse.ifoneweretoaskagroupofrandomlyselectedindividualstodefine“price”,manywouldreplythatpriceisanamountofmoneypaidbythebuyertothesellerofaproductorserviceor,inotherwordsthatpriceisthemoneyvaluesofaproductorserviceasagreeduponinamarkettransaction.thisdefinitionis,ofcourse,validasfarasitgoes.foracompleteunderstandingofapriceinanyparticulartransaction,muchmorethantheamountofmoneyinvolvedmustbeknown.boththebuyerandthesellershouldbefamiliarwithnotonlythemoneyamount,butwiththeamountandqualityoftheproductorservicetobeexchanged,thetimeandplaceatwhichtheexchangewilltakeplaceandpaymentwillbemade,theformofmoneytobeused,thecredittermsanddiscountsthatapplytothetransaction,guaranteesontheproductorservice,deliveryterms,returnprivileges,andotherfactors.inotherwords,bothbuyerandsellershouldbefullyawareofallthefactorsthatcomprisethetotal“package”beingexchangedfortheasked-foramountofmoneyinorderthattheymayevaluateagivenprice.價格的定義價格決定資源的使用方式。價格也是有限的產品與服務在買方中的配給手段。美國的價格系統是復雜的網狀系統，包括經濟生活中一切產品買賣的價格，也包括名目繁多的各種服務，諸如勞動力、專職人員、交通運輸、公共事業等服務的價格。所有這些價格的內在聯系構成了價格系統。任何一種個別產品或服務的價格都與這個龐大而復雜的系統密切相關，而且或多或少地受到系統中其它成份的制約。如果隨機挑選一群人，問問他們如何定義價格，許多人會回答價格就是根據賣方提供的產品或服務，買方向其付出的錢數。換句話說，價格就是市場交易中大家認同的產品或服務的貨幣量。該定義就其本身來說自有其道理。但要獲得對價格在任何一樁交易中的完整認識，就必須考慮到大量非貨幣因素的影響。買賣雙方不但要清楚交易中的錢數，而且要非常熟悉交易物的質量和數量，交易的時間、地點，采用哪種形式付款，有怎樣的緩付和優惠，對交易物的質量保證、交貨條款、退賠權利等等。也就是說，為了能估算索價，買賣雙方必須通曉構成交易物價格的通盤細節。04electricitythemodernageisanageofelectricity.peoplearesousedtoelectriclights,radio,televisions,andtelephonesthatitishardtoimaginewhatlifewouldbelikewithoutthem.whenthereisapowerfailure,peoplegropeaboutinflickeringcandlelight,carshesitateinthestreetsbecausetherearenotrafficlightstoguidethem,andfoodspoilsinsilentrefrigerators.yet,peoplebegantounderstandhowelectricityworksonlyalittlemorethantwocenturiesago.naturehasapparentlybeenexperimentinginthisfieldformillionofyears.scientistsarediscoveringmoreandmorethatthelivingworldmayholdmanyinterestingsecretsofelectricitythatcouldbenefithumanity.alllivingcellsendouttinypulsesofelectricity.astheheartbeats,itsendsoutpulsesofrecord;theyformanelectrocardiogram,whichadoctorcanstudytodeterminehowwelltheheartisworking.thebrain,too,sendsoutbrainwavesofelectricity,whichcanberecordedinanelectroencephalogram.theelectriccurrentsgeneratedbymostlivingcellsareextremelysmall–oftensosmallthatsensitiveinstrumentsareneededtorecordthem.butinsomeanimals,certainmusclecellshavebecomesospecializedaselectricalgeneratorsthattheydonotworkasmusclecellsatall.whenlargenumbersofthesecellarelinkedtogether,theeffectscanbeastonishing.theelectriceelisanamazingstoragebattery.itcanseedajoltofasmuchaseighthundredvoltsofelectricitythroughthewaterinwhichitlive.(anelectrichousecurrentisonlyonehundredtwentyvolts.)asmanyasfour-fifthsofallthecellsintheelectriceel’sbodyarespecializedforgeneratingelectricity,andthestrengthoftheshockitcandelivercorrespondsroughlytolengthofitsbody.電當今時代是電氣時代。人們對電燈、收音機、電視和電話早已司空見慣以致很難想象沒有它們生活會變成什么樣。當停電時，人們在搖曳不定的燭光下暗中摸索；因沒有紅綠燈的指示，汽車在道路上遲疑不前；冰箱也停止工作，導致食物變質。人們只是在兩個世紀前一點才開始了解電的使用原理，自然界卻顯然在這方面經歷過了數百萬年。科學家不斷發現許多生物世界里可能有益于人類的關于電的有趣秘密。所有生物細胞都會發出微小的電脈沖。當心臟跳動時，把它發出的脈沖記錄下來就成了心電圖，這可讓醫生了解心臟的工作狀況。大腦也發出腦電波，這可在腦電圖上記錄下來。許多生物細胞發出的電流都是極微小的，小到要用靈敏儀器才能記錄和測量。但一些動物的某些肌肉細胞能轉化成一個個發電機，以致完全失去肌肉細胞的功能。這種細胞大量地連接在一起時產生的效果將是非常令人吃驚的。電鰻就是一種令人驚異的蓄電池。它可以在水中發出相當于800伏特電壓電流(家庭用戶的電壓只有120伏特)。在電鰻的身體里，多至五分之四的細胞都專門用來發電，而且發出的電流的強度大約和它身體的長度成正比。05hebeginning,humanbeingsviewedthenaturalforcesoftheworld-eventheseasonalchanges-asunpredictable,andtheysoughtthroughvariousmeanstocontroltheseunknownandfearedpowers.thosemeasureswhichappearedtobringthedesiredresultswerethenretainedandrepeateduntiltheyhardenedintofixedrituals.eventuallystoriesarosewhichexplainedorveiledthemysteriesoftherites.astimepassedsomeritualswereabandoned,butthestories,latercalledmyths,persistedandprovidedmaterialforartanddrama.thosewhobelievethatdramaevolvedoutofritualalsoarguethatthoseritescontainedtheseedoftheaterbecausemusic,dance,masks,andcostumeswerealmostalwaysused,furthermore,asuitablesitehadtobeprovidedforperformancesandwhentheentirecommunitydidnotparticipate,acleardivisionwasusuallymadebetweentheactingareaandtheauditorium.inaddition,therewereperformers,and,sinceconsiderableimportancewasattachedtoavoidingmistakesintheenactmentofrites,religiousleadersusuallyassumedthattask.wearingmasksandcostumes,theyoftenimpersonatedotherpeople,animals,orsupernaturalbeings,andmimedthedesiredeffect-successinhuntorbattle,thecomingrain,therevivalofthesun-asanactormight.eventuallysuchdramaticrepresentationswereseparatedfromreligiousactivities.anothertheorytracesthetheatersoriginfromthehumaninterestinstorytelling.accordingtothisviestales(aboutthehunt,war,orotherfeats)aregraduallyelaborated,atfirstthroughtheuseofimpersonation,action,anddialoguebyanarratorandthenthroughtheassumptionofeachoftherolesbyadifferentperson.acloselyrelatedtheorytracestheatertothosedancesthatareprimarilyrhythmicalandgymnasticorthatareimitationsofanimalmovementsandsounds.戲劇的起源關于古希臘戲劇的起源存在著多種理論，其中一個最普遍為人接受的理論假設認為戲劇從儀式演化而來。這個觀點是這樣進行論證的：一開始，人類把世界上的自然力量，甚至季節的變化都看成是不可預料的。他們試圖通過各種方式去控制這些未知的、【篇二：新東方考研英語十篇必背作文】12345【篇三：2016考研英語大作文寫作十大必背模板】2016考研英語大作文寫作十大必背模板寫作類型首先，根據作文內容可將其分為10大類。其實從文章功能來看，我們可把這10大類文章歸為三種類型：解決問題、論證觀點、闡述現象。其中第一類具有解決問題功能的短文包括了：1、身體健康類；2、職業道德類；3、人口增長類；4、環境保護類；第二類具有論證觀點功能的短文包括了：5、情感類；6、人生價值類；第三類具有闡述現象功能的短文包括了：7、文化交流類；8、教育類；9、家庭關系類；10、社會熱點類。其次，除了以上三項常考功能模板，我們還將在本部分的最后列出兩個具有對比論證功能的模板。雖然自從1997年以來的歷年短文題目中沒有出現要求進行對比論證的話題，但是考生仍然應該有所準備。最后，新東方在線全國研究生入學考試研究中心為大家準備了以下作文模板，供大家參考學習。功能i：解決問題這種類型的文章主要針對一些實際的問題分析其原因和后果，最后提出解決的措施。一般情況下三段的分布為：第一段描述圖畫內容，第二段分析問題所在，第三段提出解決方案。1、身體健康類thepicture.whatisstrikinglynoticeableis,butitcanbeeasilyexplainedbyshowninthepicture.thediscernableunhealthinessdisclosesaprevalentphenomenonthathaslongexistedinthechina’s.onetheonehand,.ontheotherhand,.asaresult,theintegrationofpoorlivingconditionsandworkpressureleadsnaturallytotheirpoorhealthandshortlife-span,justasthepicturetellsus.thesituationisratherdepressingbecause,anditislargelyowingto.tosolvetheproblem,ithinkthereshouldbeathrivingsocialtrend,andthosewhoshouldberewardedwithgoodlivingandworkingconditions.2、職業道德類wecanseefromthepicturethat,but.if,hewouldsurelyexpress.therearethreereasonstoexplainwhyithappensto.firstly,,whichresultedfrom.secondly,though,.consequently,.thirdly,.imaintainthateffectivemeasuresshouldbetakentoputanendtothisphenomenon.firstly,weneedtoendeavortoadvocate.secondly,strictregulationsshouldbeenactedandenforcedtocreateaharmoniousandorderlysociety.onlythroughthecombinedeffortscanweeliminatethis“tumor”forcefullyandcompletely.3、人口增長類thepicturedepictsasceneinwhich.thesceneispresentedinanartisticandironicmanner.crowdsofpeoplearecrammedin.furtherexaminationrevealsthat.apparently,thepicturesymbolizesthathumans,withsuchahugepopulation,mayonedaysufferfromtheexhaustionofearthresources.takeforexample.giventhefactthat,wefindthat.tomakeitworse,.iftheconflictbetweenpopulationboomandshortageofresourcesisnotproperlycontrolled,wehaveeveryreasontoholdapessimisticperspectivetowardshuman’sfutureonearth.perhapseventuallywewouldfacethesituationsuggestedbythepicture,thatis,.accordingly,istronglyrecommendthatthewholeglobelaunchaggressiveprogramstoaddressthisfatalcontradiction.4、環境保護類thisisaveryinterestingpieceofcartoon,inthanksto.hence,.thoughbeingalittleexaggerating,thecartoonilluminatesaseriousfactthat,andforthatmatter,.arecentreportalsosupportedthisviewby.onthecontrary,wearesadtoperceivethat.therefore,inmyopinion,itisalreadyhightimeforthewholeworldtoformasolidcooperationfightingagainst,becausenotasinglegovernmentorpersoncanbeexemptfromitsharm.aseriesofdown-to-earthmeasuresneedtobeurgentlyimplementedtocontrol.功能ii：論證觀點這種類型的文章主要分析論證一些具體的觀點。一般情況下三段的分布為：第一段描述圖畫內容，第二段提出觀點、進行理論分析和事例分析，第三段總結觀點、表明態度。5、情感類asisshowninthepictureabove,.obviouslyfromwecansurmisethat.itgoeswithoutsayingthattheprimarypurposeofthepictureliesineulogizingthepracticeof.asamatteroffact,itisnotraretofindinoureverydaylifedeedsofsimilarnature.forinstance,.additionally,wecanalsohearmanystoriesabout.nottomentionthosemovingcasesof.allinall,ifirmlybelievethataharmonioussocietyisbasedona.by,peoplenotonlyharvest,butalsogainthatcanneverbepurchasedviamoney.6、人生價值類astheoldchinesesayinggoes,.itechoeswiththispictureinwhich.thetitleofthepicturefurtherpointsoutthat.thepictureismeantto.asfarasiamconcerned,ithink.thisuniversaltruthcanbeparticularlyprovedinthefieldof,where.abriefsurveyofhistoryaboutalsodemonstratesthefundamentalimportanceof.,forexample,.thesameprincipleappliestocommonpeopleaswell,andiamsureeverybodycanbenefitfrom.功能iii：闡述現象這種類型的文章主要描述一些現象并具體分析解釋現象的原因等。一般情況下三段的分布為：第一段描述圖畫內容，第二段分析該現象的原因、意義等，第三段總結觀點、或提出建議。7、文化交流類itisaveryeye-catchingphotoinwhich.whatmakesthispictureextraordinaryis,whichclearlyindicates.thesenseofthatpermeatesthispictureisrepresentativeof,thatis,,andtherefore,.china,inparticular,.theeffectofsuchcommunicationcanbebestexemplifiedby.whilepeoplebelongtonations,culturesknownoboundary.isnotonlyfeaturedby,butmoreimportantly,by.ifirmlybelievethatiscontributing,andwillcontributemoretotheworld’speace,development,andprosperity.（參見范文1）8、教育類asthetitleindicates,“”,thesetofpicturesapparentlyremindsusthat.itisdiscernablethat.thedrawingvirtuallyremindsitsaudienceawidespreadphenomenonexistingnegativelyintheareaofbasiceducationinchina,thatis,.thatistosay,.suchapracticeisveryharmfulintermsofthefollowingaspects.firstly,.secondly,.lastbutnottheleast,.inmypointofview,,butitisonlypartofthepicture.ontheotherhand,.therefore,itisanurgenttaskto.aschildrenarethefutureofournation,creatingagoodenvironmentfortheirupbringingmeanscreatingabrightandpromisingfutureforournation.9、家庭關系類thecartoonrevealsaverythought-provokingscene.theartistpurposefullyexaggerates.thispicturerevealsthein-depthproblemof.infact,.therearetworeasonsforthis.thefirstandperhaps