PAGEPAGE6中考復習專題被動語態含練習定義與用法英語的語態分主動語態和被動語態，主動語態表示主語是動作的執行者，而被動語態則表示主語是動作的承受者。被動語態由“助動詞be+過去分詞”構成。如：Everybodyrespectshim.大家都尊敬他。(主動語態)Heisrespectedbyeverybody.他受到大家的尊敬。(被動語態)二、8種基本時態的被動語態一般現在時的被動語態：am(is,are)+過去分詞一般過去時的被動語態：was(were)+過去分詞一般將來時的被動語態：willbe+過去分詞過去將來時的被動語態：wouldbe+過去分詞現在進行時的被動語態：am(is,are)being+過去分詞過去進行時的被動語態：was(were)being+過去分詞現在完成時的被動語態：has(have)been+過去分詞過去完成時的被動語態：hadbeen+過去分詞三、含情態動詞的被動語態其結構為“情態動詞+be+過去分詞”。如：Thiscan’tbedoneinashorttime.這不是短期內可以完成的。Thisneedn’tbementionedintheletter.這在信中不必提及。情態動詞后的不定式可以用完成式。如：Canthishavebeendonebyachild?這能是一個孩子做的事嗎?ThedoormusthavebeenlockedbyJim.門一定是吉姆鎖的。四、主動表被動的若干情形連系動詞(如look,sound,smell,feel,taste,prove等)要用主動表被動，因為連系動詞為不及物動詞，它們沒有被動語態形式。如：Thebuildinglooksverybeautiful.這座建筑看上去很美。Yourideaprovedtobewrong.你的想法證實是錯的。當open,close,shut,lock,move,read,wash,clean,cook,cut,wear,carry等用作不及物動詞且表示主語的某種屬性時，通常用主動形式表示被動意義：Thedoorwon’tshut.這門關不上。Thebooksellsquickly.這書銷售得快。有的動詞本身含有被動意味，通常用主動形式來表示被動含義。如：Hercoatcaughtonthenail.她的大衣被釘子鉤住了。Hereyesfilledwithtears.她眼睛里充滿了眼淚。不定式toblame,tolet用作表語時，通常要用主動表被動。如：Whoistoblame?該怪誰呢？Thehouseistolet.此屋出租。某些“be+形容詞+todo”結構中的不定式通常要用主動形式表示被動意義。如：Thebookisdifficulttounderstand.這書很難懂。Themusicisn’tpleasanttolistento.這音樂不好聽。Thepictureisinterestingtolookat.這幅畫看起來挺有趣的。注：這類結構的特點是句子主語就是其后不定式的邏輯賓語，按理說其中的不定式要用被動形式，但習慣上卻要用主動表被動。這類形容詞常見的有convenient,dangerous,difficult,easy,hard,impossible,interesting,nice,pleasant,safe,tough,tricky,unpleasant等。不定式用于某些動詞(如have,havegot,get,want,need等)的賓語后作定語時，如果不定式的邏輯主語就是句子的主語，通常用主動形式表示被動意義。如：Doyouhavetimetohelpus?你有時間幫助我們嗎?Ihavesomeclothestowash.我有一些衣服要洗。Iwantsomethingtodrink.我想喝點什么。注：若不定式的邏輯主語不是句子的主語，則應用被動式，比較：Ihavesomethingtotype.我有些東西要打(字)。(指自己打字)Ihavesomethingtobetyped.我有些東西要打(字)。(指請人打字)在too…todosth和…enoughtodosth這兩個結構中，若句子主語與其后不定式為todosth被動關系，則該不定式通常用主動形式表示被動意義(有時也可直接用被動式)。如：Thewritingistoofainttoread.這筆跡太模糊，看不清。Theseboxesarenotstrongenoughtouse[tobeused]asaplatform.這些箱子不夠牢，不能用作站臺。beworth后的動名詞要用主動表被動。如：Thismovieisworthseeing.這部影片值得一看。She’snotworthgettingangrywith.犯不上跟她生氣。注：與worth相似的worthy卻不一樣，其后不接動名詞而接不定式(若接動名詞則其前應有介詞of)，且要用被動式表示被動含義：Thisbookisworthytoberead[ofbeingread].這本書值得一讀。在need,want,require等少數表示“需要”的動詞后的動名詞用主動形式表被動意義。如：Thehouseneedscleaning.房子需要打掃了。Thesechildrenrequirelookingafter.這些孩子需要照看。Thiswallrequiresrepairing.這面墻需要修理了。注：該結構中的動名詞改用不定式則要用被動式表被動。如：Thehouseneedstobecleaned.房子需要打掃了。Thesechildrenrequiretobelookedafter.這些孩子需要照看。課后練習一()1ThePeople'sRepublicofChina__onOctober1,1949.A.foundB.wasfoundedC.isfoundedD.wasfound()2English____inCanada.A.speaksB.arespokenC.isspeakingD.isspoken()3ThisEnglishsong___bythegirlsafterclass.A.oftensingsB.oftensangC.isoftensangD.isoftensung()4Thiskindofcar___inJapan.A,makesB.madeC.ismakingD.ismade()5Newcomputers___allovertheworld.A.isusedB.areusingC.areusedD.haveused二()1Ourroommust___clean.A.keepB.bekeptC.tobekeptD.tokeep()2-I'dliketobuythatcoat.-I'msorry.___.A.itsoldB.it'ssellingC.It'sbeensoldD.ithadbeensold()3Anewhouse___atthecorneroftheroad.A.isbuildingB.isbeingbuiltC.beenbuiltD.bebuilding()4Thekey___onthetablewhenIleave.A.wasleftB.willbeleftC.isleftD.hasbeenleft()5Doctors___ineverypartoftheworld.A.needB.areneedingC.areneededD.willneed()6Hisnewbook___nextmonth.A.willbepublishedB.ispublishingC.isbeingpublishedD.hasbeenpublished三()1Japanese___ineverycountry.A.isnotspokenB.arespokenC.isspeakingD.isnotspeaking()2Thesepapers___yet.A.havenotwrittenB.havenotbeenwrittenC.hasnotwrittenD.hasnotbeenwritten()3Thesportsmeet___behelduntilnextweek.A.didn'tB.won'tC.isn'tD.doesn't四()1-Myshoesarewornout.A.Can'ttheybemended?B.Letmehavealookatit.C.Howmuchdotheycost?D.Can'ttheymended?()2___thewatchbeenrepairedyet?Ibadlyneedit.A.DoesB.HasC.IsD.Are()3___thesedesksbeneeded?A.WillB.AreC.HasD.Do五()1Why___totalkaboutityesterday?A.didn'tameetingholdB.wasn'tameetingheldC.wasn'theldameetingD.ameetingwasn'theld()2Whowasthebook___?A.writeB.wroteC.writtenD.writtenby()3Where___theseboxesmade?A.wasB.wereC.isD.am六()1Theflowers___often.A.mustbewaterB.mustbewateredC.mustwateredD.mustwater()2Thebooksmay___fortwoweeks.A.bekeptB.beborrowedC.keepD.borrow()3Thebrokenbike____herebyMrSmith.A.canmendB.canmendedC.canbemendD.canbemended七()1Theoldbridgeinmyhometown___nextmonth.A.isgoingtoberebuiltB.willrebuiltC.aregoingtoberebuiltD.aregoingtorebuilt()2Theplay___atthetheatrenextSunday.A.isgoingtobeshownB.willshownC.willshowD.isshown()3Theoldstonebridge___nextweek.A.isgoingtoberebuiltB.willberebuildC.aregoingtoberebuiltD.willrebuild八()1Nowthesemagazines__inthelibraryforalongtime.A.havekeptB.arekeepingC.havebeenkeepingD.havebeenkept()2Thepot___for___hotwater.A.used;keepingB.wasused;keepingC.isused;tokeepD.areused;keep()3Tea___inthesouthofChina.A.growsB.isgrownC.weregrownD.willgrow()4Thebridges___twoyearsago.A.isbuiltB.builtC.werebuiltD.wasbuilt()5Wetclothesareoften___upnearafireinrainyweather.A.hangB.hangedC.hangingD.hung九()1Theriversmellsterrible.Peoplemust___dirtythingsintoit.A.bestoppedtothrowB.bestoppedfromthrowingC.stoptoth