人教版英語八年級(jí)上冊(cè)Unit8Howdoyoumakeabananamilkshake?單元語法講解和練習(xí)Grammar語法講解1.祈使句以下句子均為祈使句。1.Goandwashyourhands.(命令)2.Bequiet(please).(請(qǐng)求)3.(Please)Bekindtoyoursister.(勸告)4.Takeataxi,oryou'llmissyourclass.(建議)5.Lookout!Danger!(警告)6.Keepoffthegrass.(禁止)表達(dá)命令、請(qǐng)求、勸告、建議、警告、禁止等的句子叫祈使句。1.祈使句:基本結(jié)構(gòu)(1)行為動(dòng)詞開頭由“_動(dòng)詞原形+其他部分”構(gòu)成，動(dòng)詞沒有人稱和時(shí)態(tài)的變化。■Makeasentencewiththeword"peace".■Haveagreattime.(2)動(dòng)詞Be開頭由"Be+其他部分(形容詞、名詞或介詞短語等)“構(gòu)成。Becarefulwhencrossingthestreet.(3)Let開頭由“Let+賓語+動(dòng)詞原形+其他部分”(動(dòng)作執(zhí)行不包含聽話者)或"Let's+動(dòng)詞原形+其他部分”(動(dòng)作執(zhí)行包含聽話者在內(nèi))構(gòu)成。■Lethimgobacknow.Letustryagain.(不含聽話者)讓我們?cè)僭囈幌掳伞！鯨et'stryagain.咱們?cè)僭囈幌掳伞Ｆ硎咕?否定形式(1)行為動(dòng)詞和be開頭的祈使句的否定形式為在句首加Never或Don't■Never/Don'tsaythatagain!■Never/Don'tbecareless.。(2)Let開頭的祈使句■Don'tletmegowithhertomorrow.=■Letmenotgowithhertomorrow.可在Let前加Don't，也可在Let后賓格的名詞或代詞后面加not。如果以Let's開頭的祈使句，必須在Let's后加not。Let'snottellherthetruthwheneverwemeether.(3)no開頭祈使句表否定■NoPhotos!禁止拍照!■NoEntry!禁止入內(nèi)!■NoPassing!禁止通行!■NoSmoking!禁止吸煙!常用于在公共場合的提示語中，結(jié)構(gòu)為“No+名詞/動(dòng)名詞’Grammar語法練習(xí)I.單項(xiàng)選擇1.________upearlytomorrow,oryoucan'tcatchthetrain.A.GettingB.GetC.TogetD.Got2.________inthestreet.It'sdangerous.A.NotplayB.NottoplayC.Don'tplayD.Don'ttoplay3.Please________mesomemoney,willyou?A.lendB.lendingC.tolendD.belend4.Thefilmisabouttobegin.Please________seated.A.beB.areC.isD.being5.________theboxes.Youmayusethemlater.A.KeepB.KeepingC.TokeepD.Kept6.Herdoctorsaid:“________worksohard."A.StopB.Don'tC.Can'tD.No7.Cindy,________tobehereat8o'clock.A.issureB.issurethatC.willbesureD.besure8.________whenyoucrosstheroad.A.DocareB.CareC.DobecarefulD.Tobecareful9.________inbed.It'sbadforyoureyes.A.NottoreadB.Don'treadC.Don'ttoreadD.Notread10.________yourchild.We'lllookafterhim.A.NottoworryaboutB.Don'tworryaboutC.NotworryforD.Don'tworrywith2.可數(shù)不可數(shù)名詞注意事項(xiàng)1.可數(shù)名詞是可以用來計(jì)數(shù)的名詞。可數(shù)名詞有單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)形式。如:desk-desks,apple-apples等。不可數(shù)名詞是不可以直接用來計(jì)數(shù)的名詞，沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式。如:somebread,alittlemilk,abowlofrice等。2.單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞表示泛指時(shí)，前面要用不定冠詞a(an),表示特指時(shí)，前面要用定冠詞the。■Heisafactoryworker.■Thebookonthedeskismine.不可數(shù)名詞前不能用a(an)修飾，表示特指時(shí)，前面一定要用定冠詞the。■Noonecanseeair.3.可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞前都可以用some,any,alotof,lotsof等來修飾，表示“一些，許多”。■Therearesomeorangesonthedesk.■Thereisalotofwaterinthebottle.4.可數(shù)名詞前可用具體的數(shù)詞來表示具體的數(shù)量。如:twoapples,fourbooks等。不可數(shù)名詞前通常用“單位詞+of"來表示數(shù)量。如:apieceofpaper,threepiecesofpaper等。5.不可數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式,但是不可數(shù)名詞前有復(fù)數(shù)“單位詞"時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。■Thewaterintheriverisclear.■Therearetwocupsofteaonthetable.6.對(duì)可數(shù)名詞前的修飾語提問用howmany;對(duì)不可數(shù)名詞前的修飾語提問用howmuch注意:對(duì)不可數(shù)名詞前的"單位詞"的修飾語提問時(shí)，疑問詞用howmany。■Howmanyapplesarethereinthebox?■Howmuchteaisthereinthecup?■Howmanypiecesofbreadarethereontheplate?Grammar語法練習(xí)II.用所給名詞適當(dāng)形式填空1.Howmany_________(sheep)arethereonthehill?2.Thereissome_________(food)inthebasket.3.Thebabyhasonlytwo_________(tooth)now.4.Thereisalotof_________(water)inthebottle.5.Therearefive_________(people)inhisfamily.6.Let'stake_________(photo),OK?7.Ihavelotsof_________(tomato)here.8.The_________(leaf)onthetreeturnyellow.9.The_________(child)areplayinggamesontheplaygroundnow.10.Their_________(dictionary)looknew.11.Iseeyouhaveafewwhite_________(hair).12.Theyare_________(woman)doctors.13.Canyougivemesomebottlesof_________(orange),please?14.Therearemany_________(fox)inthepicture.15.Iwouldlikesomeapple_________(juice).Iamverythirsty.參考答案：I.單項(xiàng)選擇1-5BCAAA6-10B